Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification, Defined daily dose, Drug utilis...Dr.Amreen Saba Attariya
detailed information about Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification, Defined daily dose, Drug utilisation, DU90%, WHO Collaborting Centre for drug statistic methodology, DDD/1000inhabitants/day, DDD/100beddays, DDD/1000inhabitants/year, Pediatric DDD, ATC & DDD in drug utilisation research, Electronic Prescribing, Guidelines for ATC classification & DDD assignment 2016
CENTRAL DRUG STANDARD CONTROL ORGANISATION (CDSCO)Vijay Banwala
this ppt covers all quary about the CDSCO ( central drug standard control organisation ,drug controller gernal of india and the organisation strectures
this ppt provides you all detail about the CDSCO
Defined daily dose-DDD
B Pharm, Pharm D and medicine syllabus
Useful for examination and regulatory function information
Useful for Pharmacovigilance interview and medical coding also.
Good Luck and all the best!!!
Regulation in clinical trial, Schedule Y and recent amendmentsDr. Siddhartha Dutta
Regulatory framework of India, Acts and Regulations for conduct of clinical trial in India, Schedule Y, approval of new chemical entity and recent amendments
Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification, Defined daily dose, Drug utilis...Dr.Amreen Saba Attariya
detailed information about Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification, Defined daily dose, Drug utilisation, DU90%, WHO Collaborting Centre for drug statistic methodology, DDD/1000inhabitants/day, DDD/100beddays, DDD/1000inhabitants/year, Pediatric DDD, ATC & DDD in drug utilisation research, Electronic Prescribing, Guidelines for ATC classification & DDD assignment 2016
CENTRAL DRUG STANDARD CONTROL ORGANISATION (CDSCO)Vijay Banwala
this ppt covers all quary about the CDSCO ( central drug standard control organisation ,drug controller gernal of india and the organisation strectures
this ppt provides you all detail about the CDSCO
Defined daily dose-DDD
B Pharm, Pharm D and medicine syllabus
Useful for examination and regulatory function information
Useful for Pharmacovigilance interview and medical coding also.
Good Luck and all the best!!!
Regulation in clinical trial, Schedule Y and recent amendmentsDr. Siddhartha Dutta
Regulatory framework of India, Acts and Regulations for conduct of clinical trial in India, Schedule Y, approval of new chemical entity and recent amendments
This presentation gives complete in-depth information about therapeutic drug monitoring of DIGOXIN. Points covered are:
1. Basic pharmacokinetics
2. Target concentration levels
3. Dosage forms available and their bioavailability
4. Procedure to conduct TDM
5. The principle of DIGOXIN estimation
6. Interpretation of TDM results.
7. TDM algorithm
Non compartmental pharmacokinetics & physiologic pharmacokinetic models by aktDr Ajay Kumar Tiwari
Non Compartmental Analysis
-Assumptions to be made
-Statistical Moment Theory
-Mean Residence Time
-Mean Transit Time (MTT), Mean Absorption Time (MAT), and Mean Dissolution Time (MDT)
-Other Pharmacokinetic Parameters
-Advantages and Disadvantages of Noncompartmental Versus Compartmental Population Analyses
Physiologic Pharmacokinetic Models
-Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling
-Assumption to be made
-advantages & disadvantage
Pharmacoeconomics is essential to reduce burden for patients in the terms of cost and improve the therapeutic effectiveness by selecting alternative treatments. Physician and pharmacist plays an important role in selecting drugs and treatment alternatives. So, proper selection helps to minimize the cost of therapy in patients. Research studies on pharmacoeconomics helps to know the burden of patients paying for their illness.
this presentation deals with drug price control in India. it has also updated information on drug price regulation. any suggestion regarding this topic is most welcomed.
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery. It includes preclinical research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the United States Food and Drug Administration for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug
Drug development is considered as a series of well defined steps, culminating, if successful, in market authorization, of the drug
The safety monitoring in a clinical trail accompanies by common practices in safety monitoring, communicating safety information among stakeholders in a clinical trail.
Clinical pharmacokinetics and its application--
1)definition
2) APPLICATIONS OF CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS
Design of dosage regimens:
a) Nomograms and Tabulations in designing dosage regimen,
b) Conversion from intravenous to oral dosing,
c) Determination of dose and dosing intervals,
d) Drug dosing in the elderly and pediatrics and obese patients.
Pharmacokinetics of Drug Interaction:
a) Pharmacokinetic drug interactions
b) Inhibition and Induction of Drug metabolism
c) Inhibition of Biliary Excretion.
Therapeutic Drug monitoring:
a) Introduction
b) Individualization of drug dosage regimen (Variability – Genetic, Age and Weight, disease, Interacting drugs).
c) Indications for TDM. Protocol for TDM.
d) Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Correlation in drug therapy.
e) TDM of drugs used in the following disease conditions: cardiovascular disease, Seizure disorders, Psychiatric conditions, and Organ transplantations
Dosage adjustment in Renal and Hepatic Disease.
a. Renal impairment
b. Pharmacokinetic considerations
c. General approach for dosage adjustment in renal disease.
d. Measurement of Glomerular Filtration rate and creatinine clearance.
e. Dosage adjustment for uremic patients.
f. Extracorporeal removal of drugs.
g. Effect of Hepatic disease on pharmacokinetics.
Population Pharmacokinetics.
a) Introduction to Bayesian Theory.
b) Adaptive method or Dosing with feedback.
c) Analysis of Population pharmacokinetic Data
คู่มือ Rational drug use hospital
มีนาคม 2558
แหล่งข้อมูล:
http://drug.fda.moph.go.th:81/nlem.in.th/sites/default/files/attachments/khuumuue_rdu_hospital_mar_9_2015.pdf
This presentation gives complete in-depth information about therapeutic drug monitoring of DIGOXIN. Points covered are:
1. Basic pharmacokinetics
2. Target concentration levels
3. Dosage forms available and their bioavailability
4. Procedure to conduct TDM
5. The principle of DIGOXIN estimation
6. Interpretation of TDM results.
7. TDM algorithm
Non compartmental pharmacokinetics & physiologic pharmacokinetic models by aktDr Ajay Kumar Tiwari
Non Compartmental Analysis
-Assumptions to be made
-Statistical Moment Theory
-Mean Residence Time
-Mean Transit Time (MTT), Mean Absorption Time (MAT), and Mean Dissolution Time (MDT)
-Other Pharmacokinetic Parameters
-Advantages and Disadvantages of Noncompartmental Versus Compartmental Population Analyses
Physiologic Pharmacokinetic Models
-Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling
-Assumption to be made
-advantages & disadvantage
Pharmacoeconomics is essential to reduce burden for patients in the terms of cost and improve the therapeutic effectiveness by selecting alternative treatments. Physician and pharmacist plays an important role in selecting drugs and treatment alternatives. So, proper selection helps to minimize the cost of therapy in patients. Research studies on pharmacoeconomics helps to know the burden of patients paying for their illness.
this presentation deals with drug price control in India. it has also updated information on drug price regulation. any suggestion regarding this topic is most welcomed.
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery. It includes preclinical research on microorganisms and animals, filing for regulatory status, such as via the United States Food and Drug Administration for an investigational new drug to initiate clinical trials on humans, and may include the step of obtaining regulatory approval with a new drug application to market the drug
Drug development is considered as a series of well defined steps, culminating, if successful, in market authorization, of the drug
The safety monitoring in a clinical trail accompanies by common practices in safety monitoring, communicating safety information among stakeholders in a clinical trail.
Clinical pharmacokinetics and its application--
1)definition
2) APPLICATIONS OF CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS
Design of dosage regimens:
a) Nomograms and Tabulations in designing dosage regimen,
b) Conversion from intravenous to oral dosing,
c) Determination of dose and dosing intervals,
d) Drug dosing in the elderly and pediatrics and obese patients.
Pharmacokinetics of Drug Interaction:
a) Pharmacokinetic drug interactions
b) Inhibition and Induction of Drug metabolism
c) Inhibition of Biliary Excretion.
Therapeutic Drug monitoring:
a) Introduction
b) Individualization of drug dosage regimen (Variability – Genetic, Age and Weight, disease, Interacting drugs).
c) Indications for TDM. Protocol for TDM.
d) Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Correlation in drug therapy.
e) TDM of drugs used in the following disease conditions: cardiovascular disease, Seizure disorders, Psychiatric conditions, and Organ transplantations
Dosage adjustment in Renal and Hepatic Disease.
a. Renal impairment
b. Pharmacokinetic considerations
c. General approach for dosage adjustment in renal disease.
d. Measurement of Glomerular Filtration rate and creatinine clearance.
e. Dosage adjustment for uremic patients.
f. Extracorporeal removal of drugs.
g. Effect of Hepatic disease on pharmacokinetics.
Population Pharmacokinetics.
a) Introduction to Bayesian Theory.
b) Adaptive method or Dosing with feedback.
c) Analysis of Population pharmacokinetic Data
คู่มือ Rational drug use hospital
มีนาคม 2558
แหล่งข้อมูล:
http://drug.fda.moph.go.th:81/nlem.in.th/sites/default/files/attachments/khuumuue_rdu_hospital_mar_9_2015.pdf
Dr. Lauri Hicks - Out-Patient Antibiotic Resistance (AMR) IssuesJohn Blue
Out-Patient Antibiotic Resistance (AMR) Issues - Dr. Lauri Hicks, Commander, U.S. Public Health Service, Medical Epidemiologist, Respiratory Diseases Branch; Medical Director, Get smart: Know When Antibiotic Work Program; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), from the 2015 NIAA Antibiotic Symposium - Stewardship: From Metrics to Management, November 3-5, 2015, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
More presentations at http://swinecast.com/2015-niaa-symposium-antibiotics-stewardship-from-metrics-to-management
Dr. Beth Bell - CDC’s Overall Effort on Antibiotics, FY 2015 Requested Fundin...John Blue
CDC’s Overall Effort on Antibiotics, FY 2015 Requested Funding and CARB Program - Dr. Beth Bell, Director of the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), from the 2015 NIAA Antibiotic Symposium - Stewardship: From Metrics to Management, November 3-5, 2015, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
More presentations at http://swinecast.com/2015-niaa-symposium-antibiotics-stewardship-from-metrics-to-management
e-Patients and Antibiotic Resistance: Patient Education and Behavioral Change...Stanford University
A presentation about identifying the red flags in patient education which teach patients about antibiotic resistance which enable them to make more responsible decisions.
Antimicrobial Resistance: A One Health Challenge for Joint ActionSIANI
Presented by Juan Lubroth at the seminar "Antimicrobial resistance; linkages between humans, livestock and water in peri-urban areas" at the World Water Week, 29th August 2016.
Smart Use of Antibiotics (SUA) in Indonesiamarkovingian
Smart Use of Antibiotics (SUA) in Indonesia
Diberikan dan disampaikan pada Seminar "Cegah Resistensi Antibiotik: Demi Selamatkan Manusia", kerjasama Kemenkes, WHO, dan Yayasan Orang Tua Peduli, didukung oleh React, 5 Agustus 2015
Dr. Theoklis Zaoutis - Antimicrobial Use and Stewardship in the Pediatric Out...John Blue
Antimicrobial Use and Stewardship in the Pediatric Outpatient Setting - Dr. Theoklis Zaoutis, Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases, Professor of Pediatrics and Epidemiology of the University of Pennsylvania, from the 2014 NIAA Symposium on Antibiotics Use and Resistance: Moving Forward Through Shared Stewardship, November 12-14, 2014, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-niaa-antibiotics-moving-forward-through-shared-stewardship
Dr. Kurt Stevenson - Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance and Management in ...John Blue
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance and Management in Hospital and Community Settings - Issues for Human Population Medicine - Dr. Kurt Stevenson, The Ohio State University Medical Center, from the 2012 NIAA One Health Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Symposium, October 26-27, 2012, Columbus, OH, USA.
More presentations at:
http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2012-one-health-to-approach-antimicrobial-resistance-and-use
The New War on Bugs: Crafting an Effective Antibiotic Stewardship Program
More than half of all hospital patients are treated with antibiotics and prescribing practices vary widely, even within hospitals. Efforts to rationalize antibiotic use have been stymied by delays in obtaining specific diagnoses, by the volume of prescriptions written each day and by the difficulty of extracting meaningful data from scattered clinical, laboratory and pharmacy records. But the push is on – from the White House, the CDC, infectious disease specialists, the industry – for more judicious use of antibiotics through antibiotic stewardship programs.
Hear how leading health care institutions have moved from education to active surveillance to intervention, reducing infections and lowering costs.
Advisor Live: Antimicrobial Stewardship - Why Now and How?Premier Inc.
This 90-minute webinar discusses strategies and tools for implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs, including methods for measuring antimicrobial use and resistance.
Join Premier’s free Advisor Live® webinar series for a special Get Smart About Antibiotics Week presentation on Thursday, November 19 from 12-1:30 p.m. EST. The panel for this 90-minute webinar will discuss strategies and tools for implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs, including methods for measuring antimicrobial use and resistance.
EXPERT PRESENTERS:
- Gina Pugliese, RN, MS, vice president, Premier Safety Institute®, moderator
- Arjun Srinivasan, MD, (CAPT, USPHS) medical director of the CDC’s Get Smart for Healthcare program, will highlight the national focus on antibiotic stewardship and reasons for the current urgency
- Michael Postelnick, RPh, BCPS AQ- Infectious Diseases, clinical manager and senior infectious diseases pharmacist for Northwestern Memorial Hospital, will share lessons learned from implementing their antibiotic stewardship program
- Craig Barrett, Pharm.D., BCPS, director safety solutions for Premier, Inc. will share strategies from Premier member hospitals striving for antimicrobial stewardship
updated statistics about antimicrobial resistance,causes and mechanism of antimicrobial resistances, national antimicrobial policy, national antimicrobial surveillance, new delhi b metallo-lactamase-1 bacteria
overuse and misuse of antibiotic put all of us at danger, and help to develop drug-resistant bacteria, so-called superbugs. which ultimately increase the cost of health care. so the third world countries are facing a burden of an extra charge of expenditure and unusual death
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
1. Putting theory into practice: Lessons learned from
Antibiotics Smart Use Program
The 4th National Health Research Forum
to Promote the Health Research Systems Strengthening in Lao PDR
October 8, 2010
Nithima Sumpradit, Ph.D.1,2 Kanyada Anuwong, Ph.D.3
Pisonthi Chongtrakul, MD.4 Somying Pumthong, Ph.D.3
1. International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
2. Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
3. Faculty of Pharmacy, Srinakarintharawiroj University, Thailand
4. Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
2. To create societal change on rational use of
medicines, we need to find a common area
that everybody can work together.
Shared
issues
ที่มา: ปกหนังสือกระบวนทัศน์ใหม่ฯ
โดย ศ.นพ.ประเวศ วะสี
3. Antibiotic resistance & Global warming
Similarities:
• Burning issue but well-
tolerated (no sense of
urgency)
• Everybody’s matters
• Effects on mankind
Difference:
Unlike the global warming,
antibiotic resistance is not
well-recognized among
outsiders.
Picture source: http://ale1980italy.wordpress.com/
4. Antibiotics profile, Thailand
• Anti-infective drugs (including antibiotics) are the top
value for being imported and manufactured since 2000.
– In 2007, this drug group was accounted for approximately
20,000 m. baht (625 m. US$) or 20% of all medicine values.
Drug group Values (million baht)
Anti-infective drugs 20,094
Alimentary tract and metabolism 15,747
Central nervous system 13,719
Cardiovascular system 9,909
Source: Drug Control Division, Food and Drug Administration, Thailand (2007).
5. Adverse Drug Reactions
Top ten of medicines Reports
reported with ADR (2009) Antibiotics are the
top of ADR reports.
-In 2007, antibiotics are
accounted for 54% of ADR
reports from all medicines.
Source: The 2009 Annual report of Food and Drug Administration, Thailand
6. Antibiotic resistance crisis
In Thailand, Acinetobacter baumannii –
resistance to Cabapenam increases from 2.1% in 1998 to 61% in 2010.
Source: http://www.weizmann.ac.il/molgen/Sorek/antimicrobials.html
7. We cannot outrun bacteria.
So, we must stop creating
selective pressure on them.
Bacteria/
Microbes
STOP unnecessary
use of antibiotics
Picture source: http://www.geology.wisc.edu/homepages/g100s2/public_html/Geologic_Time/Time_Clock.gif
8. Purposes of ASU
1. To reduce unnecessary antibiotic use in three
common diseases:
– Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) –cold with sore throat
– Acute diarrhea e.g., food poisoning
– Simple wound
Inclusion criteria: OPD patients, 2 years and older with overall good
health.
Exclusion criteria: IPD patients, patients who are seriously ill or
diabetic, or people with low or compromised immune system.
2. To create the decentralized, collaborative
networks between national and local stakeholders.
- Well-accepted national policy on antibiotics
- Social norms
9. Antibiotics Smart Use Program (5 year)
Phase 1: Pilot project (2007 – 2008)
Goal: To test the effectiveness of interventions in
changing antibiotics prescribing behavior
Settings: 1 province (Saraburi) involving all 10
community hospitals and 87 primary health centers
Phase 2: Scaling up feasibility (2008 – 2009)
Goal: To test feasibility of program expansion and
develop decentralized, collaborative networks.
Settings: 3 provinces (large, medium & small
provinces) and 2 hospital networks (public & private
hospitals)
Diffusion update:
Dec 2009
Phase 3: Program sustainability (2009 – 2012)
Goal: To integrate ASU into national agenda on
antibiotics and create social norms on proper use of
antibiotics
Strategy: Policy advocacy, Network strengthening &
empowerment, Public communication & campaign
First policy support was from the National Health Security
Office (NHSO) in March 2009.
11. ASU Conceptual framework
Indicator 1: Knowledge, attitude, self-
efficacy, and intention
Indicator 3: Percent of targeted
patients who were not prescribed with
Predisposing factors
antibiotics
Knowledge, perception Indicator 4:
& attitude toward Patients’ knowledge,
disease & antibiotics perceived health and
satisfaction
Subjective norm,
Prescribing
perception of patients’ Intention
behavior
expectation
Patients
Perceived behavioral Quality
control & Self-efficacy of life
Cost
Hospital /
Reinforcing factors Enabling factors healthcare
setting context Indicator 2:
Directive policy Hospital formulary, Amount of
Financial incentives Medical devices Hospital networking antibiotics being
context prescribed
Based on: Community context
PRECEDE-PROCEED planning model
Theory of Planned Behavior National context
Social Cognitive Theory Versiom June 19, 2010 /Nithima Sumpradit
13. Intervention implementation
• ASU is a voluntary program with an incentive policy support
from NHSO.
– 10 good reasons to join ASU
• Local healthcare team (LHT) in each province or setting
plans their own ASU project and can name their own project
(sense of ownership).
• LHT can request support from the ASU program e.g.,
materials, speakers and technical support. Example of
materials to be shown.
• LHT implements the program. Activities are for example:
– Training or group discussion
– Herbal medicine substitution
– Local/Provincial policy
– Positive competition / Campaign
– Reminder (e.g., salary pay slip)
– etc.
• The ASU program monitor progress from LHT and provide
14. Examples of ASU tools
Tools for prescribers (to educate and increase confidence)
Tools for patients (to lower expectation on antibiotics)
18. Effects on prescribing behavior
Indicator 3: Percent of targeted patients who did not receive ABO
(Goal: 20% increase)
Sample: Two community hospitals and 4 primary health centers from an
intervention province and the control province
Data analysis: Chi-square (before - after) (May–Oct 07 vs. Dec 07–May 08)
80 % of patients Intervention, N 8,099
70 not receiving 74.6
60 antibiotics Control, N 5,865
50
45.5 44.2
40 Saraburi
42.3
Ayuthaya (control)
30
20
10
0
Before After Source: Kunyada Anuwong & Somying Pumtong
19. Indicator 2: Change in antibiotics use (Goal: 10%
reduction)
Data collection: Before (Dec 06–Oct 07) vs. After (Dec 07–Oct 08)
Sample: All 10 community hospitals and 87 primary health
centers in Saraburi (RR = 50%)
Amount of ABO (Capsules/Tablets ) Amount of ABO (Bottles)
7 12
6 10
5
8
-23%
4 -18% 6
3
4
2
2
-46%
1 -39%
0
0
Before After
Before After
Primary health centers
• Result: antibiotics reduction is accounted for Community hospitals
approximately 34,000 US$/year
Source: Kunyada Anuwong & Somying Pumtong
20. Effects on patients’ health
and satisfaction
Indication 4: Patients’ perception of health status and
satisfaction despite no antibiotics prescription (Goal: 70%)
Data collection: Telephone interviews targeted patients after their hospital
visit for 7-10 days
Sample: 3 settings (N = 2,286): Sarabuti province (n=1,200),
Samutsongkarn province (n = 151), Srivichai private hospital (n = 917)
• Almost all patients (97.1%, 96% and 99.3%,
respectively) were fully recovered or felt better.
• Over 80-90% were satisfied with medical services
and treatment outcome and intended to return to
this healthcare setting for the next medical visit.
Source: Kunyada Anuwong & Somying Pumtong
21. Conclusion
• Purpose 1: Reduction of antibiotics use
– Based on a theoretically-guided, multifaceted
interventions, ASU is successful in changing
antibiotic prescribing behavior.
22. • Purpose 2: Developing decentralized, collaborative
network between national and local stakeholders
• At the end of 2nd year, more than 10,000 people/ health
professionals was trained and involved in this program
• Some local teams start to apply the ASU framework to
irrational use of other medicines e.g., NSAIDs
• Local materials and media were initiated.
• Strengthening research capacity of local teams via their
own ASU program (22 local projects on ASU in 2010)
Saraburi province team Ayutthaya province team
“R2R Outstanding Award” “Excellence Poster Award”
• International collaboration opportunity e.g., exchange
program and joined project
23. Decentralized ASU networks
Primary health
center
Local community leaders Villagers learning
about ASU
Training session
Home visit ASU team @ community hospital
Project’s
grand opening
Singing
ASU & partners contest
24. Strengths and limitations
• Strengths:
– Characteristics of the program
• ASU concept is not complex and it is part of their routine work
• Relatively advantage e.g., cost saving
• Compatible with health professionals’ values e.g., patient safety
• Observable outcomes e.g., patients’ recovery
– Multisectoral partners
– Supportive mechanism for local healthcare teams
– Autonomy “decentralization – sense of ownership”
• Limitations:
– Limited resources
– Resistance to change
– Application to big hospitals or private healthcare setting
25. Thank you for your attention.
Thank you for ASU partners and network.
• Thai Food and Drug Administration
• World Health Organization
• Health Systems Research Institution
• National Health Security Office
• Drug System Monitoring and Development Center
• Faculty of Medicine at Chulalongkorn University, Konkean
University and Thammasart University
• Faculty of Pharmacy at Srinakarintharawiroj University,
Chulalongkorn University, Maha Sarakram University
• Health professionals and participants in
• Saraburi, Ayutthaya, Samutsongkhram and Ubonratchathani
• Kantang community hospital network
• Srivichai private hospital network
• many other provinces and settings
• International Health Policy Program, Thailand