Middle ages part 2
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After the fall of Charlemagne's empire, feudalism emerged as the dominant political system in Western Europe. Feudalism was based on the reciprocal relationship between lords and vassals, where lords would grant land to vassals in exchange for loyalty and military service. By the mid-1000s, most of Western Europe was organized around feudal relationships, with kings acting as supreme lords and lesser nobles serving as vassals and granting parts of their fiefs to their own knights. This system helped smaller territories maintain control and protection more effectively than a large empire in the unstable context of Viking invasions and internal conflicts.
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Feudalism
Feudalism was a political and military system that existed in medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries. It involved lords granting land, known as fiefs, to vassals in exchange for military and other services. Vassals would pledge loyalty and service to their lords through ceremonies including homage and oaths of fealty. This created a hierarchy with lords providing protection to vassals managing their fiefs, while vassals owed their lords aid through military service and attending courts. Feudalism emerged as a decentralized system when empires like the Carolingian Empire lacked bureaucracy to administer large territories and allocate land to mounted soldiers.
Feudalism
Feudalism originated in France after the Norman invasion of England in 1066, establishing a hierarchy with the king at the top owning all land, which he granted to loyal lords in exchange for military service. Lords then exploited serfs who lived and worked on their manor estates, providing the basis for the feudal economic system. This system declined over time due to factors like the Crusades, the Black Death, peasant revolts, and the growth of trade and cities.
Feudalism manorialism
Feudalism involved kings granting land to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military service. Nobles then granted portions of that land to knights or peasants, who in turn owed the nobles services or a share of their crops. This system of lords granting land in exchange for loyalty and labor formed the basis of political and economic organization during the Middle Ages in Europe and allowed kings to build armies to defend their lands.
American colonies extra credit
The dominion regime established by the new king in the late 1670s shocked the new English by vigorously enforcing the Navigation Acts and establishing a new vice-admiralty court in Boston. When William became king, he retained most London officials, including those who designed the dominion. The rebels promised to assert the dominion of William and Mary over the province. The dominion extended from the Delaware River to Canada.
FEUDALISM IN ENGLAND
Feudalism was a social, political, and economic system established in England after the Norman conquest in 1066. William the Conqueror defeated the English at the Battle of Hastings and needed the support of nobles and knights, so he instituted a feudal system with himself at the top. Under feudalism, the king granted lands to lords in exchange for loyalty and military service. Lords then granted lands to knights who owed military service in return. Serfs, bound to the land, did most of the manual labor and had few rights. This feudal hierarchy and system of land-for-service defined political and social relations until the French and English revolutions began dismantling feudalism.
Feudalism in the middle ages
The document summarizes the feudal system that existed in medieval Europe. It describes a hierarchy with the king at the top who granted land to lords and barons in exchange for military service. These lords then rented land to peasants and serfs who lived and worked the land in exchange for protection. Serfs had the lowest social status and were essentially slaves to the land. The system ensured military obligations up the chain to support the king in defending his kingdom.
Medieval Europe
The document summarizes key changes that occurred between the Roman era and the Middle Ages across various domains of society. Urban centers declined as people migrated to rural areas for protection from invaders under feudal systems of lordship. Laws transitioned from public Roman statutes to private judgments by local lords. Religion shifted from polytheism to the dominance of the Catholic Church. Centralized Roman government decentralized into autonomous local fiefdoms. The monetary economy and trade networks collapsed, replaced by localized bartering and agriculture.
13.2 - Feudalism in Europe
Feudalism developed in Western Europe following the decline of Charlemagne's empire in the 9th century. Under feudalism, society was organized into a pyramid-like hierarchy with the king at the top granting land to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military service. Nobles then granted land to knights who granted land to peasants, who lived on and worked the land in exchange for protection. Peasants had little freedom and lived difficult lives, but their servitude was tied to the land rather than being slaves. The feudal system helped provide security and governance in a decentralized political environment vulnerable to invaders.
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Feudalism
Feudalism was a political and military system that existed in medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries. It involved lords granting land, known as fiefs, to vassals in exchange for military and other services. Vassals would pledge loyalty and service to their lords through ceremonies including homage and oaths of fealty. This created a hierarchy with lords providing protection to vassals managing their fiefs, while vassals owed their lords aid through military service and attending courts. Feudalism emerged as a decentralized system when empires like the Carolingian Empire lacked bureaucracy to administer large territories and allocate land to mounted soldiers.
Feudalism
Feudalism originated in France after the Norman invasion of England in 1066, establishing a hierarchy with the king at the top owning all land, which he granted to loyal lords in exchange for military service. Lords then exploited serfs who lived and worked on their manor estates, providing the basis for the feudal economic system. This system declined over time due to factors like the Crusades, the Black Death, peasant revolts, and the growth of trade and cities.
Feudalism manorialism
Feudalism involved kings granting land to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military service. Nobles then granted portions of that land to knights or peasants, who in turn owed the nobles services or a share of their crops. This system of lords granting land in exchange for loyalty and labor formed the basis of political and economic organization during the Middle Ages in Europe and allowed kings to build armies to defend their lands.
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FEUDALISM IN ENGLAND
Feudalism was a social, political, and economic system established in England after the Norman conquest in 1066. William the Conqueror defeated the English at the Battle of Hastings and needed the support of nobles and knights, so he instituted a feudal system with himself at the top. Under feudalism, the king granted lands to lords in exchange for loyalty and military service. Lords then granted lands to knights who owed military service in return. Serfs, bound to the land, did most of the manual labor and had few rights. This feudal hierarchy and system of land-for-service defined political and social relations until the French and English revolutions began dismantling feudalism.
Feudalism in the middle ages
The document summarizes the feudal system that existed in medieval Europe. It describes a hierarchy with the king at the top who granted land to lords and barons in exchange for military service. These lords then rented land to peasants and serfs who lived and worked the land in exchange for protection. Serfs had the lowest social status and were essentially slaves to the land. The system ensured military obligations up the chain to support the king in defending his kingdom.
Medieval Europe
The document summarizes key changes that occurred between the Roman era and the Middle Ages across various domains of society. Urban centers declined as people migrated to rural areas for protection from invaders under feudal systems of lordship. Laws transitioned from public Roman statutes to private judgments by local lords. Religion shifted from polytheism to the dominance of the Catholic Church. Centralized Roman government decentralized into autonomous local fiefdoms. The monetary economy and trade networks collapsed, replaced by localized bartering and agriculture.
13.2 - Feudalism in Europe
Feudalism developed in Western Europe following the decline of Charlemagne's empire in the 9th century. Under feudalism, society was organized into a pyramid-like hierarchy with the king at the top granting land to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military service. Nobles then granted land to knights who granted land to peasants, who lived on and worked the land in exchange for protection. Peasants had little freedom and lived difficult lives, but their servitude was tied to the land rather than being slaves. The feudal system helped provide security and governance in a decentralized political environment vulnerable to invaders.
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Feudalism.igogo.2nd
Feudalism was a system established in Medieval Europe in which knights and lords exchanged land and protection for loyalty and military service to their kings. William the Conqueror introduced this system to England in 1066 after his victory at the Battle of Hastings. Under feudalism, everyone owed allegiance to the king and their immediate superior in a strict hierarchy, with peasants providing labor and soldiers to those above them in exchange for land. Over time, factors like the growth of money economies, the Black Death, and the use of paid mercenaries contributed to the decline of feudalism in England.
Introduction to the Medieval Period - Feudalism
Feudalism developed in medieval Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Local lords grew more powerful as kings and the church weakened. Lords offered land and protection to vassals in exchange for military service. This created a complex system of obligations between lords and vassals. Peasants lived and worked on manors, producing food to support the nobility. Knights trained from a young age and were expected to follow a code of chivalry, defending the weak and obeying their lords.
The Feudal System
The document summarizes the feudal system that was prevalent in medieval Europe between the 5th and 16th centuries. It describes the basic living conditions for peasants, who lived in small huts and farmed small vegetable gardens to support themselves. There was also a class of freemen peasants who had slightly more independence as they paid rent but were not bound to the land. The feudal system was based on the king granting lands and titles of nobility to vassals in exchange for loyalty and services. Vassals would then govern their lands and collect taxes from peasants in exchange for protection. This hierarchical system dominated government and society across much of Western Europe during the medieval period.
Feudalism
Feudalism established a strict social hierarchy in medieval England following the Norman invasion. At the top was the king, who granted land to barons in exchange for loyalty and military service. Barons then granted land to knights who swore loyalty to their baron and protected their lands. Peasants worked the lands but had few rights. The system declined due to the Black Death reducing the population and the Peasants' Revolt which demanded changes to their treatment.
Feudalism
After Charlemagne's death, his empire was divided and Europe experienced increased invasions which led to the rise of feudalism. Feudalism was a system where lords granted land to vassals who then provided military service in exchange. This system established hierarchies with peasants at the bottom working the land under lords and knights. Peasants lived confined lives paying taxes and duties on manors which were largely self-sufficient agricultural estates ruled over by lords.
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This document summarizes how different classes lived during the feudal system in Europe. Nobles lived in castles and had powerful political and military roles. Clergy were divided into high clergy like bishops who had significant authority, and lower clergy like monks who were originally under the power of bishops but later abbots. Peasants were free villagers obligated to pay taxes and perform military service, though some became landowners. The church played a prominent role with distinctive Romanesque architecture.
The medieval world
The document provides an overview of medieval Europe between the 5th and 15th centuries. It describes the early period as the "Dark Ages" following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, when Germanic tribes destroyed towns and trade routes. New kingdoms then emerged, including the Frankish Empire of Charlemagne and the kingdoms of France, Germany, and England under Alfred the Great. Medieval kings believed they had absolute power given by God and demonstrated this through ceremonies at their royal courts, though they had to contend with powerful barons who sometimes challenged royal authority. Court entertainment included mock battles, jousting contests, and minstrels singing songs.
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The document discusses the feudal system that emerged in medieval Europe following the fall of the Roman Empire. It introduces key terms like lord, vassal, knight, serf, and freeman. Feudalism developed as powerful lords and nobles provided protection to people in exchange for loyalty and labor. Peasants pledged themselves to nobles in order to receive military defense of their lands. This led to a strict social hierarchy with the king at the top, followed by nobles, knights, and peasants at the bottom. Overall, the document provides an overview of the political and social structure of feudalism.
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- Rome began as a city-state in central Italy along the Tiber River and grew powerful by conquering neighboring regions and establishing alliances.
- Roman society was divided between patricians, who held political power, and plebeians. Through protests, plebeians gained increased rights and access to political offices over time.
American gothic 1
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Southern gothic
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Edgar Allan Poe was a 19th century American writer known for his works of poetry and short stories. He was born in 1809 in Boston to parents who both died when he was young. He was raised by foster parents and showed an early talent for writing. However, he struggled financially and with alcoholism throughout his life. Though best known as a literary critic during his time, he is now renowned for poems like "The Raven" and pioneering the detective fiction genre. He died in 1849 under mysterious circumstances at age 40.
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Citizens have limited direct participation in government once they vote, but can engage in indirect participation by influencing lawmakers. While some founders wanted representatives to act independently, others believe citizens should be able to influence elected officials to ensure they act according to public desires. Political parties also influence lawmakers by supporting loyal members and threatening to withhold funds from disloyal officials. The presidential veto is another tool citizens can use to influence legislation.
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3. Not using commas between the subject and verb or between compound predicates or subjects.
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Islam part 2
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Feudalism was a system established in Medieval Europe in which knights and lords exchanged land and protection for loyalty and military service to their kings. William the Conqueror introduced this system to England in 1066 after his victory at the Battle of Hastings. Under feudalism, everyone owed allegiance to the king and their immediate superior in a strict hierarchy, with peasants providing labor and soldiers to those above them in exchange for land. Over time, factors like the growth of money economies, the Black Death, and the use of paid mercenaries contributed to the decline of feudalism in England.
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Feudalism developed in medieval Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Local lords grew more powerful as kings and the church weakened. Lords offered land and protection to vassals in exchange for military service. This created a complex system of obligations between lords and vassals. Peasants lived and worked on manors, producing food to support the nobility. Knights trained from a young age and were expected to follow a code of chivalry, defending the weak and obeying their lords.
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The document summarizes the feudal system that was prevalent in medieval Europe between the 5th and 16th centuries. It describes the basic living conditions for peasants, who lived in small huts and farmed small vegetable gardens to support themselves. There was also a class of freemen peasants who had slightly more independence as they paid rent but were not bound to the land. The feudal system was based on the king granting lands and titles of nobility to vassals in exchange for loyalty and services. Vassals would then govern their lands and collect taxes from peasants in exchange for protection. This hierarchical system dominated government and society across much of Western Europe during the medieval period.
Feudalism
Feudalism established a strict social hierarchy in medieval England following the Norman invasion. At the top was the king, who granted land to barons in exchange for loyalty and military service. Barons then granted land to knights who swore loyalty to their baron and protected their lands. Peasants worked the lands but had few rights. The system declined due to the Black Death reducing the population and the Peasants' Revolt which demanded changes to their treatment.
Feudalism
After Charlemagne's death, his empire was divided and Europe experienced increased invasions which led to the rise of feudalism. Feudalism was a system where lords granted land to vassals who then provided military service in exchange. This system established hierarchies with peasants at the bottom working the land under lords and knights. Peasants lived confined lives paying taxes and duties on manors which were largely self-sufficient agricultural estates ruled over by lords.
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This document summarizes how different classes lived during the feudal system in Europe. Nobles lived in castles and had powerful political and military roles. Clergy were divided into high clergy like bishops who had significant authority, and lower clergy like monks who were originally under the power of bishops but later abbots. Peasants were free villagers obligated to pay taxes and perform military service, though some became landowners. The church played a prominent role with distinctive Romanesque architecture.
The medieval world
The document provides an overview of medieval Europe between the 5th and 15th centuries. It describes the early period as the "Dark Ages" following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, when Germanic tribes destroyed towns and trade routes. New kingdoms then emerged, including the Frankish Empire of Charlemagne and the kingdoms of France, Germany, and England under Alfred the Great. Medieval kings believed they had absolute power given by God and demonstrated this through ceremonies at their royal courts, though they had to contend with powerful barons who sometimes challenged royal authority. Court entertainment included mock battles, jousting contests, and minstrels singing songs.
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The document discusses the feudal system that emerged in medieval Europe following the fall of the Roman Empire. It introduces key terms like lord, vassal, knight, serf, and freeman. Feudalism developed as powerful lords and nobles provided protection to people in exchange for loyalty and labor. Peasants pledged themselves to nobles in order to receive military defense of their lands. This led to a strict social hierarchy with the king at the top, followed by nobles, knights, and peasants at the bottom. Overall, the document provides an overview of the political and social structure of feudalism.
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Rome
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- Rome began as a city-state in central Italy along the Tiber River and grew powerful by conquering neighboring regions and establishing alliances.
- Roman society was divided between patricians, who held political power, and plebeians. Through protests, plebeians gained increased rights and access to political offices over time.
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The Gothic genre originated with Horace Walpole's 1765 book "The Castle of Otranto", which was very popular and spawned many imitators. Gothic works often featured bizarre or dark plots involving madness, insanity, and the supernatural. This tradition continues today in works like those of Neil Gaiman and Tim Burton that draw from Gothic literature. In 19th century America, Gothic elements were prominent in the works of authors like Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Washington Irving.
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Trent
Edgar Allan Poe was a 19th century American writer known for his works of poetry and short stories. He was born in 1809 in Boston to parents who both died when he was young. He was raised by foster parents and showed an early talent for writing. However, he struggled financially and with alcoholism throughout his life. Though best known as a literary critic during his time, he is now renowned for poems like "The Raven" and pioneering the detective fiction genre. He died in 1849 under mysterious circumstances at age 40.
Influence
Citizens have limited direct participation in government once they vote, but can engage in indirect participation by influencing lawmakers. While some founders wanted representatives to act independently, others believe citizens should be able to influence elected officials to ensure they act according to public desires. Political parties also influence lawmakers by supporting loyal members and threatening to withhold funds from disloyal officials. The presidential veto is another tool citizens can use to influence legislation.
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Writing commas
The document provides guidelines for using commas in writing, including:
1. Using commas to separate independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions and after introductory words or phrases.
2. Using pairs of commas to set off nonessential clauses, phrases, and words.
3. Not using commas between the subject and verb or between compound predicates or subjects.
4. Separating items in a series, coordinate adjectives, contrasted elements, and quotations with commas.
Islam part 2
Islam teaches that God revealed the Quran as a guide for humanity. Muslims, like Jews, memorize and recite the Quran in its original Arabic language to preserve its purity. The five pillars of Islam are the profession of faith, daily prayers, alms for the poor, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca if possible. Muslims are forbidden from eating pork or having more than four wives, and are encouraged to free slaves and treat them well. The mosque is the place of worship for Muslims, led by religious scholars called Imams rather than priests.
Islam part 3
Early Islam experienced division over succession and interpretation of the Quran. Abu Bakr succeeded Muhammad and expanded Islam's influence, followed by Umar. Uthman's assassination led to a war between Ali's supporters and Muawiyah's supporters. Muawiyah took power after Ali's assassination, establishing the Sunni sect, while Ali's descendants formed the Shiite sect. Sufism later emerged as a mystical movement. Despite political divisions, Muslim civilization advanced science and knowledge, adopting Greek, Roman and Asian ideas and making major contributions to fields like geography, medicine and mathematics. European exposure to Muslim advances came through conquests in Spain and interactions during the Crusades.
American and french revolution2
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in the 1700s where thinkers focused on applying reason to understand nature and its natural laws. They believed that everything, including human behavior and social constructs, were governed by discoverable natural laws. Thinkers like Newton showed natural laws could be understood through science and reason. Enlightenment philosophes like Voltaire and Diderot spread these ideas through publications, criticizing the church, government, and traditions. They believed understanding natural laws was key to social progress.
Verse
This document discusses free verse and the techniques used by Romantic poets like Walt Whitman. It notes that free verse lacks regular meter and rhyme but uses other techniques like repetition, parallelism, and catalogs to achieve musicality. It provides examples of these techniques from Whitman's poetry, such as his use of anaphora, repetition of words and phrases, and catalogs listing people and things. These techniques helped create rhythm and cadence without strict meter.
American and french revolution
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in the 1700s where people focused on nature and natural laws. Thinkers believed that everything had a cause and effect relationship and that humans were part of the natural world governed by discoverable rules. Isaac Newton's laws of physics inspired the desire to understand rules across nature. Rationalism held that truth could only be achieved through reason. Enlightenment thinkers, called philosophes, spread ideas through publishing, most notably the Encyclopedia, which criticized the church, government, and other institutions. While some faced imprisonment, their ideas spread and influenced revolutions.
Roman empire
The Gracchi brothers, Tiberius and Gaius, tried to reform the Roman Republic in the 2nd century BCE by implementing land reform measures and aid for poor citizens, but both were opposed by the senate and murdered. Marius reformed the army, removing the land requirement and making soldiers loyal to their commanders instead of Rome. This led to civil war as Sulla marched on Rome and ruled as dictator from 82 to 79 BCE. Julius Caesar allied with Pompey and Crassus in the First Triumvirate and became consul in 59 BCE, going on to conquer Gaul. However, Pompey grew jealous and convinced the senate to order Caesar back without his army, leading to civil war
Romanticism
Romanticism emerged in Europe and America in the early 19th century as a reaction to rationalism and puritanism. It valued emotions, passions, imagination and individualism over pure reason and logic.
In America, transcendentalism developed from these romantic ideas and rejected strict religious thinking. Writers like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau promoted the inherent goodness of people and criticized how institutions corrupted individuals.
These American transcendentalists, influenced by European romanticism, emphasized the power of emotions, non-rational views of life and nature, and the importance of individualism.
Southern gothic
Southern Gothic writers like William Faulkner, Truman Capote and Flannery O'Connor set dark and bizarre stories in rural American settings, drawing from Gothic fiction traditions but addressing the darkness within society. William Faulkner is particularly influential as he used the fictional Yoknapatawpha county in Mississippi as the setting for many of his stories featuring colorful and peculiar characters, often employing nonlinear flashbacks that blend past, present and future. Faulkner is credited with inspiring magical realism, exemplified by Gabriel Garcia Marquez's highly acclaimed novel One Hundred Years of Solitude.
Middle ages part 1
The Franks, led by King Clovis, came to dominate Northern Gaul in the 5th century. Clovis converted to Christianity, gaining the support of the Catholic Church. His successors founded the Merovingian dynasty. Over time, real power shifted to the Mayor of the Palace position, held by the Carolingians. Pepin the Short became the first Carolingian king in 751. His son Charlemagne expanded the Frankish kingdom into a vast empire encompassing much of Western Europe through conquest and alliance. After his death, internal divisions and Viking invasions contributed to the decline of his Carolingian Empire.
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Feudalism was a system where the king owned all the land and granted portions called fiefs to nobles in exchange for their loyalty and services. Nobles granted smaller plots to knights who pledged to serve and protect them, and knights granted land to peasants or serfs in exchange for labor. This created a pyramid structure with the king at the top and peasants at the bottom.
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Feudalism arose in Western Europe after the fall of the Carolingian Empire as a means of providing protection and order to the people. Under feudalism, kings granted land to lords in exchange for military service, and lords granted land to vassals who would fight for their lord. This system involved complex relationships and obligations of homage and loyalty between social classes. Feudalism stabilized society during turbulent times but also stratified it into a rigid hierarchy.
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Feudalism developed in Western Europe between the 9th and 10th centuries as a political, social, and economic system. Power was decentralized as kings granted land to nobles in exchange for military service. Society was strictly stratified with kings, nobles, clergy, and peasants. Peasants or serfs were bound to work lands granted by lords and owed labor services and taxes. The feudal system predominated until the 15th century and was characterized by hierarchies of reciprocal obligations between lords and vassals.
Chapter 2 study guide review
1. The document provides definitions and explanations of key terms related to feudalism such as hierarchy, Charlemagne, knight, lord, serf, and Christianity.
2. It discusses the roles and responsibilities of different classes in the feudal system including monarchs, lords/vassals, knights, and peasants. Peasants in particular were heavily taxed.
3. The document presents the student's opinion that feudalism worked in England by restoring order during invasions and creating a system to obtain money, but lacked social mobility between classes.
The feudal order
When Charlemagne's empire fell, Europe fragmented into feudal territories. Under feudalism, the king owned all land and granted fiefs to nobles in exchange for loyalty and military service. Nobles further divided their lands between knights who protected local peasants. Peasants were tied to the land and provided food, services, and labor up the feudal chain to support their lord and the king. Through this system of obligations and bonds of loyalty, feudalism organized Medieval European society and political order.
UNIT 2. Feudalism
Feudalism developed in Western Europe from the 9th-15th centuries as a political, social, and economic system. Kings lost power and shared it with nobles and the church. Society was divided into estates - nobility and clergy at the top, and peasants at the bottom. Peasants (serfs) were bound to manors and had to pay taxes and labor services to lords in exchange for land. The feudal system established hierarchies and obligations between kings, lords, and serfs and was based on a rural, agricultural economy with low productivity.
UNIT 2. Feudalism
Feudalism developed in Western Europe from the 9th-10th centuries as a political, social, and economic system. Society was divided into hierarchies with the king at the top, followed by nobles who received land from the king in exchange for loyalty. Peasants, known as serfs, were bound to work the land and live on manors belonging to lords, who offered protection in return. Serfs had to follow the manorial system and pay taxes and labor services to their lords. Feudalism organized society into estates of nobility, clergy, and peasants, with nobility and clergy enjoying privileges over peasants. The feudal economic system was based on farming and livestock on manors worked by ser
Chapter 2 study guide review-updated
The document provides definitions for 17 terms related to medieval Europe. It defines noble as a person of high birth or title. It defines hierarchy as a system that organizes people into ranks with higher ranks having more power. It defines armor as a metal or leather covering worn for protection in fighting. It defines the pope as the bishop of Rome and leader of the Roman Catholic Church.
The document also defines feudalism as the economic and political system of medieval Europe. It defines a knight as an armored warrior, usually on horseback. It defines a monarch as a ruler like a king or queen. It defines chivalry as the medieval knights' code of behavior. It defines other terms related to the social
Feudalism
The document summarizes the feudal system of medieval Europe. It describes the hierarchical power structure with the monarch at the top, followed by nobles and lords, knights and vassals, merchants and farmers, and peasants and serfs. Each class had distinct roles and responsibilities within the system. The purpose of feudalism was to provide security and protection of lands through this stratified social order.
European Feudalism
Feudalism was a political and economic system that occurred in Europe from the 5th to 12th centuries. It was based on the exchange of land for loyalty and military service between lords and vassals. Kings would grant land to lords, who would then give portions to vassals in exchange for their protection and service. This system helped bring order to Europe following invasions and instability after the fall of the Carolingian Empire.
Chapter 2 study guide review
This document provides definitions for 18 terms related to medieval Europe. It defines noble as a person of high birth or title. It defines hierarchy as a system that organizes people into ranks with higher ranks having more power. It defines armor as a metal or leather covering worn for protection during fighting. It defines the pope as the bishop of Rome and leader of the Roman Catholic Church. It goes on to define additional terms related to feudalism such as knight, monarch, fief, divine right of kings, lord, manor, peasant, and duke. It also defines concepts like Christianity, moat, barbarian, and the roles of the monarch, lord/vassal, knight, and peasant in feudal
Feudalism
Feudalism was a hierarchical system where the king granted land to lords in exchange for military service. Lords ruled over sections of land and peasants worked the land in exchange for protection. This system ensured security and order but restricted individual rights. Peasants were at the bottom and had little freedom while kings, lords, knights and merchants held higher positions with more power and wealth. Feudalism declined as the economy changed after the Black Plague and lords and peasants demanded more power and rights.
6.1 -The Roman Republic & Punic Wars
The document summarizes the history of the Roman Republic from its founding as a republic in 509 BC following the overthrow of the monarchy, through the Punic Wars with Carthage and the rise and fall of Hannibal in the Second Punic War, to the eventual decline and fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. It discusses the class system in Rome, the structure of the republican government, and key events like the Twelve Tables codifying Roman law and the three Punic Wars that established Rome as the dominant power in the Mediterranean.
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Middle ages part 2
- 1. Middle Ages, Part 2