Edgar Allan Poe was a 19th century American writer known for his works of poetry and short stories. He was born in 1809 in Boston to parents who both died when he was young. He was raised by foster parents and showed an early talent for writing. However, he struggled financially and with alcoholism throughout his life. Though best known as a literary critic during his time, he is now renowned for poems like "The Raven" and pioneering the detective fiction genre. He died in 1849 under mysterious circumstances at age 40.