The document discusses peer-to-peer (P2P) as a third mode of production, governance, and property alongside centralized hierarchy and decentralized markets. P2P enables distributed autonomy through peer production, peer governance without centralized control, and peer property models like Creative Commons that enable open access. Lower costs of participation online allow non-capitalist models to emerge. P2P challenges traditional concepts of scarcity and abundance and could inform a new post-capitalist political economy based on real abundance and sharing of knowledge and resources.