Metonymy is a figure of speech where an object or concept is not called by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that object or concept. For example, referring to "the White House" to mean the U.S. government or administration. Synecdoche is a specific type of metonymy where an object or idea is referred to by one of its components or vice versa. For example, using "students" to refer to pens and paper, or using "women" to refer to a beauty pageant contest. Metonymy and synecdoche are both figures of speech that involve the substitution of closely related words.

1. Metonymy and Synecdoche
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2. “ Metonymy ”
Metonymy comes from word of “GREEK”. “Meta” is tell
“Revolution” and “Onoma” that mean “Name”.
So that metonymy is style of language that used to words, claim the
other things because there is relation between that and so closed.
Base on Parera (2004) :
Metonymy as relation of meaning. Metonymy appear
with words has known before and interconnected.
Metonymy term replacement of object.

3. Example of metonymy :
“ The White House ” is an object used to describe the
entire executive branch of the United States government.
The statement :
“ The White House released a new policy on terrorism ”
Is metonymy because the “White House” is a building
and cannot physically state a policy.

4. “ Synecdoche
“
Synecdoche is a special type in metonymy. Where the object or
idea that used to describe something more large and extend and
actually that as a part or component from extend idea.
Base on Keraf (1992), synecdoche consist of 2 parts:
1) Pars pro toto : Express a half from the object and to
show all of the part in object.
2) Totem pro parte : To express the all of object and
actually that mean only a half of it.

5. Example of synecdoche :
1) Pars pro toto :
Student had prepared a paper and pen to follow the lesson.
2) Totem pro parte :
Competition of miss Muslim by all women that show the
meaning of beauty not only from physical but intellectual,
attitude, and also faith.

6. Thanks for
your attention 