Methods of Price Control
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Bhargav Dangar discusses price controls and inflation. Price controls are government mandated minimum or maximum prices for essential goods. Governments implement price controls when prices on items like food and oil rise rapidly. Inflation is healthy under 5% as prices rise with economic growth, but inflation over 10-15% can occur due to issues like hoarding and black marketing. Price controls can be direct through laws or indirect through monetary, fiscal, and trade policies. Indirect controls work through influencing the money supply, public purchasing power, and trade to stabilize prices.
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Cross Border Services
This document discusses cross-border trade in services. It provides examples of cross-border services as banking and architectural services transmitted via telecommunication or mail between businesses in neighboring countries. It also lists activities covered by cross-border trade in services, such as production, marketing, sale, and delivery of a service. Finally, it outlines certain government procurements and air services that are excluded from some cross-border service agreements.
Criminal Investigation & Forensic Science
Criminal investigation plays a pivotal role in maintaining law and order by establishing the facts of a crime and identifying the victim and culprit. It involves understanding the nature of the crime and criminal to effectively investigate by collecting evidence to answer questions about what happened, who was involved, when and where it occurred, what the motive was, and whether witnesses can be trusted. Police are the main investigators, but they work with other specialists and the evidence they gather is used to establish the details of the crime and identify the responsible parties.
Multiple Factor Approach Theory - Mobility & Culture Conflicts
This document discusses several factors that can influence criminal behavior according to different criminological theories:
1) Criminal behavior is influenced by a combination of many social and psychological factors rather than a single cause.
2) Modernization, urbanization, and industrialization can sometimes lead to social disorganization and cultural conflicts between groups, resulting in deviant behavior.
3) The propagation of crime reports in media can encourage crime among those with unstable minds or psychopathic tendencies and cause the general public to lose faith in law enforcement.
Needs & Preferential Payment of Creditor Protection
This document discusses creditors and their rights. It defines a creditor as a person who provides money, goods, or services to a company and expects to be paid later. Creditors have a claim on the company that should be reported as a liability on the balance sheet. Creditors can be secured or unsecured. The document also discusses corporate insolvency, creditors' rights, and the need for creditor protection, especially in cases of company winding up where debts to the government, employees and secured creditors must be paid before other debts.
Sustainable Development & Bio-Diversity
The document discusses biodiversity and its importance for sustainable development. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life forms found on Earth, including diversity within and between species and ecosystems. Biodiversity is the foundation for human civilization and provides essential goods, services, and cultural values. However, biodiversity is being lost due to threats like uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources, habitat destruction, conversion of land for human settlements, and coastal destruction. The major threats to biodiversity are the non-recognition of its importance as well as its commercial exploitation and habitat loss.
Liability Convention, 1972
The document summarizes key aspects of the Liability Convention adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1971. It defines damage and identifies four categories of launching states that can be liable. It distinguishes between absolute liability for damage on Earth and fault liability for damage occurring elsewhere. Joint liability applies when two or more states jointly launch an object. Launching states are jointly and severally liable for damage caused, including in cases of joint launchings involving third states. Compensation is to be determined based on international law principles of justice and equality.
General Deduction u/s. 37(1) of the I.T. Act, 1961
This document summarizes the key conditions for claiming a deduction under Section 37(1) of the Principles of Taxation in India. Specifically:
1) The expenditure cannot be covered under Sections 30-36.
2) Capital expenditures are not deductible.
3) Expenditures cannot be personal in nature.
4) Expenditures must be for the purpose of the business carried out by the assessee in the previous year.
5) Illegal expenditures are not deductible.
Powers of Controller in India
This document outlines various powers granted to the controller or authorized persons under the Information Technology Act:
1. The controller has the power to search and seize items if they believe infringement has occurred. This includes placing identification marks, entering and searching premises, searching people, and breaking locks.
2. The controller can call for any information from individuals or organizations that may be useful to determine if the IT Act was contravened.
3. The controller can inspect and make copies of books and have access to computer systems and equipment to search for information.
International Covenant on Economics, Social & Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
The document summarizes the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). It notes that the ICESCR is a multilateral treaty adopted by the UN in 1966 that came into force in 1976. It contains 31 articles divided into 5 parts that protect various economic, social, and cultural rights aimed at fulfilling basic human needs and allowing participation in community cultural life. These rights include the rights to work, social security, health, education, adequate living standards, and culture. As of 2018, 169 countries are parties to the ICESCR.
Regulation on sale of Medicines
The document discusses regulations for selling medicines under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act. It states that licensing authorities appointed by state governments issue licenses to sell drugs, which are valid for five years unless suspended or cancelled. Licenses will only be granted to applicants who have proper storage and qualifications, and may be refused to those convicted under the Act. Pharmacies must be run by a registered pharmacist, maintain proper records, and store poisons securely in a locked cupboard marked with the word "poison". Licenses can be cancelled or suspended if any conditions are not complied with.
Situation
Hon'ble Justice Mr. HCJ was appointed as the chairperson of the Competition Commission of India on January 1, 2005 at age 61. According to the Competition Act of 2002, the term for a chairperson is 5 years and they are eligible for reappointment. However, no chairperson can hold the position past age 65. Therefore, since Mr. HCJ would turn 65 on December 31, 2008, he would have to retire from his position before completing his full 5-year term and would not be eligible for reappointment.
Composition of Arbitral Tribunal.
This document discusses provisions around alternative dispute resolution and arbitration. It outlines that an arbitral tribunal shall consist of an odd number of arbitrators unless otherwise agreed, with each party appointing one in a three-arbitrator panel. An arbitrator may only be challenged for circumstances that raise doubts on impartiality or independence, lack of qualifications, or reasons a party became aware of after appointment. The procedure for a challenge requires sending a written statement within 15 days of the relevant event or constitution of the tribunal.
Definition & Kinds Of States
The document discusses key concepts in international law including defining the state, sovereignty, and sovereign equality of states. It notes that defining the state can be difficult as the meaning may vary. It provides definitions of the state as a lawful government with sovereign power over its people and affairs. Sovereignty is described as the absolute and supreme authority within a state. The document also discusses principles of sovereign equality, which means that all states are equal in status regardless of differences in size or population.
Provisions of Hazardous Process
This document discusses provisions around hazardous processes in factories under the Factories (Amendment) Act of 1987. Key points include:
1) The Act defined hazardous processes and established two new schedules listing industries involving hazardous processes and permissible levels of certain chemicals.
2) An Expert Committee was formed under the Chief Inspector of a state to advise on matters arising out of hazardous processes. It includes representatives from various regulatory and expert bodies.
3) Occupiers of factories must disclose all health and safety information regarding hazardous materials and processes to workers, inspectors, and local authorities. They must also maintain health and safety policies and accurate worker health records.
Section 4, Indian Patent Act, 1970
Inventions relating to atomic energy and certain compounds used in atomic energy are not patentable in India. The Atomic Energy Act of 1962 designates that the central government has sole authority over atomic energy development and operation to ensure safety. Specifically, the Act prohibits patents for inventions involving atomic energy as defined through nuclear fission and fusion processes, as well as compounds including uranium, beryllium, thorium, plutonium, radium, and graphite.
History of Foreign Trade: Post, 1991
The document discusses India's economic reforms since 1991 that opened up markets through liberalization, privatization, and globalization. It introduced industrial policy reforms in 1991 under Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao to gradually reduce government controls on foreign trade and investment. This led to a complete change in India's foreign trade composition and direction. Liberalization relaxed previous restrictions on social and economic policies, including removing tariffs and subsidies on international trade flows. Privatization permitted private sector industries that were previously public sector monopolies. Globalization integrated India's domestic economy with worldwide foreign investment, trade, production and financial matters.
My Last Duchess
The document provides context and analysis about the poem "My Last Duchess" by Robert Browning. It describes that the poem is about the Duke of Ferrara who had three marriages but no children. It suggests the Duke was modeled after Alfonso II who ruled Ferrara in the 16th century. The poem reveals the Duke to be proud, possessive, and selfish, as well as a lover of art. It further analyzes that the poem uses ekphrasis to dramatize the viewers' response to a portrait of the Duke's last wife and reveal the violence underlying representation. The Duke shows off the portrait to a visitor while describing his arrogance and how he viewed women as objects.
Jurisdiction of Civil Courts & Statutory exclusion thereof
This document discusses jurisdiction of civil courts under the Code of Civil Procedure. It defines jurisdiction as the authority conferred by law on courts, tribunals, and judges to decide disputes and pass judgements. Jurisdiction depends on subject matter, monetary value, and location. Section 9 of the CPC states that civil courts have jurisdiction over all civil suits, except those whose cognizance is expressly or impliedly barred. Civil suits generally relate to property rights, contracts, damages, and domestic matters. Suits not considered civil involve questions of caste or purely religious rites. The document does not specify who determines jurisdiction.
The Right to genuine criticism & The test of erosion of public confidence
The document discusses the balancing of free speech rights and preserving confidence in the judicial system under the law of contempt. It notes that while the judiciary is open to criticism as part of democratic principles, serious allegations against an individual judge could undermine public trust. The Supreme Court has held that criticism of judicial acts must be respectful and avoid attributing motives, as judgments are public documents that can be commented on and critiqued in a dignified manner.
Section 39 & 40
The document discusses the law of evidence in India. It explains what evidence is necessary when a statement forms part of a conversation, longer statement, document, or electronic record. The court will consider evidence necessary for the full understanding of the nature and effect of the statement in each case. Evidence should not be given against a party without also providing the full context of what was said or written on the same occasion. Amendments were introduced to include electronic records and related terms. Prior judgments can prevent courts from hearing similar cases under the doctrine of res judicata to avoid multiplicity of suits. However, civil court judgments are not admissible as evidence in criminal cases to prove innocence. Judgments show their date and legal consequences but are not
More from Bhargav Dangar (20)
Multiple Factor Approach Theory - Mobility & Culture Conflicts
Multiple Factor Approach Theory - Mobility & Culture Conflicts
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Needs & Preferential Payment of Creditor Protection
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General Deduction u/s. 37(1) of the I.T. Act, 1961
International Covenant on Economics, Social & Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
International Covenant on Economics, Social & Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
Jurisdiction of Civil Courts & Statutory exclusion thereof
Jurisdiction of Civil Courts & Statutory exclusion thereof
The Right to genuine criticism & The test of erosion of public confidence
The Right to genuine criticism & The test of erosion of public confidence
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Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024)
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdf
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcript
办理美国SDSU毕业证书制作南达科他州立大学假文凭定制Q微168899991做SDSU留信网教留服认证海牙认证改SDSU成绩单GPA做SDSU假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证GRE代考如何申请南达科他州立大学South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcript
Detailed power point presentation on compound interest and how it is calculated
Detailed information about compund interest
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The state of welfare Resolution Foundation Event
How has Britain’s safety net changed since 2010 and what comes next?
Using Online job postings and survey data to understand labour market trends
Using Online job postings and survey data to understand labour market trendsLabour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
[4:55 p.m.] Bryan Oates
OJPs are becoming a critical resource for policy-makers and researchers who study the labour market. LMIC continues to work with Vicinity Jobs’ data on OJPs, which can be explored in our Canadian Job Trends Dashboard. Valuable insights have been gained through our analysis of OJP data, including LMIC research lead
Suzanne Spiteri’s recent report on improving the quality and accessibility of job postings to reduce employment barriers for neurodivergent people.
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快速制作美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证文凭证书英文原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国迈阿密大学牛津分校毕业证文凭证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightnessLabour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.Earn a passive income with prosocial investing
Invest in prosocial funds that earn you an income while improving the world
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How will new technology fields affect economic trade?
在线办理(TAMU毕业证书)美国德州农工大学毕业证PDF成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(TAMU毕业证书)美国德州农工大学毕业证PDF成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-premier-investment-platform-for-superior-returns...
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Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
Economic Risk Factor Update: June 2024 [SlideShare]
May’s reports showed signs of continued economic growth, said Sam Millette, director, fixed income, in his latest Economic Risk Factor Update.
For more market updates, subscribe to The Independent Market Observer at https://blog.commonwealth.com/independent-market-observer.
Optimizing Net Interest Margin (NIM) in the Financial Sector (With Examples).pdf
NIM is calculated as the difference between interest income earned and interest expenses paid, divided by interest-earning assets.
Importance: NIM serves as a critical measure of a financial institution's profitability and operational efficiency. It reflects how effectively the institution is utilizing its interest-earning assets to generate income while managing interest costs.
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Methods of Price Control
- 2. Price Control • Government mandated minimum or maximum prices that can be charged for special goods. • Government sometimes implement price controls when prices on essential items, such as food or oil, are rising rapidly.
- 3. Price Rise • Price of goods & services rise up keeping in with growth rate, which is called inflation, which is healthy if economy is below 5%. • But inflation rises up to 10-15% or above, sometimes, on account of adoption of wrongful business eg. Hoarding, black - marketing.
- 4. Methods of Price control - Controls exercised under laws, like - Controls exercised by the Essential Commodities Act, IDRA policies Monetary policy, etc. & the P.D.S. Fiscal Policy & Trade Policy. Methods of price control Direct Controls Indirect Controls
- 5. Indirect Control • Indirect controls are exercised mainly through the monetary policy, fiscal policy, & commercial policy. • The term monetary policy refers to the policy of the Central Bank of the country in respect of the cost & availability of credit. • The rational of using the monetary policy to control prices is that there is a very strong direct relationship between money supply & prices.
- 6. Continue • Fiscal policy refers to the policy of the government in respect of public revenue & public expenditure. • Fiscal policy can influence the price level by increasing or reducing the purchasing power of public. • Commercial policy has also been used to a certain extent to stabiles the domestic economy.