The document discusses the law of evidence in India. It explains what evidence is necessary when a statement forms part of a conversation, longer statement, document, or electronic record. The court will consider evidence necessary for the full understanding of the nature and effect of the statement in each case. Evidence should not be given against a party without also providing the full context of what was said or written on the same occasion. Amendments were introduced to include electronic records and related terms. Prior judgments can prevent courts from hearing similar cases under the doctrine of res judicata to avoid multiplicity of suits. However, civil court judgments are not admissible as evidence in criminal cases to prove innocence. Judgments show their date and legal consequences but are not

1. Bhargav Dangar
Roll No. 20
Law Of Evidence

2.  What evidence to be given when statement forms part of,
a) conversation
b) a longer statement or,
c) a document,
d) electronic record book or series of letters or papers.
 The Court considers necessary in that particular case to the
full understanding of nature & effect of the statement.

3.  Evidence against a party without giving to the party at the
same time the benefit of the entire residue of what he wrote
or said on the same occasion.
Amendment :
 The Amendment introduced this section under the I.T.
Act, 2000.
 The reform of this section became necessary because a
few new words had to be put into the section, such as
“electronic record”, “forms part of electronic record”.

4.  The existence of any judgment, decree, or order which by law
prevents any court from taking cognizance of a suit or holding
trial.
 The main object of doctrine of res judicata is to prevent
multiplicity of suits & interminable disputes between litigants.
Illustration :
Landowner
filed case Conversion
of agriculture
land
by a Division
Bench
dismissed
A legal heir Same prayer
barred by res
judicata
Writ held

5.  The judgment of Civil court is not admissible in a criminal
prosecution to prove the innocence of the accused.
 A judgment or a decree is not admissible in evidence in all
cases as a matter of course, a judgment is only admissible to
show its date & legal consequences.
 Where a civil suit for compensation was filed & at the same
time criminal proceedings were also instituted on the same
cause of action & the civil suit was dismissed.