this ppt may be useful to know the classification of metals and alloys . it also helps in knowing the properties of many ferrous and non ferrous metals

1. METALS AND
ALLOYS
BY : ABIN ABRAHAM

2. CLASSIFICATION
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3. FERROUS METALS
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4. PLAIN CARBON STEELS
PROPERTIES
0.1 to 0.25% of carbon is present.
Elongation of 30%.
High ductility and formability.
Low strength.
Strengthened by cold working.
Good weldability.
APPLICATIONS
◦ Pipes and panels
◦ Wires
◦ I beams
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5. MEDIUM CARBON STEEL
PROPERTIES
0.25 to 0.55% of carbon is present.
Elongation of 25%.
Strengthened by hot working.
Welding deteriorates on increasing
the carbon content.
Low hardenability.
Medium ductility and toughness.
APPLICATIONS
◦ Crankshaft,bolts.
◦ Gears.
◦ Mining equipments.
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6. HIGH CARBON STEEL
PROPERTIES
0.6 to 1.25% of carbon is present.
The microstructure is pearlite at
room temperature.
Strengthened by heat treatment.
High strength and toughness.
Lowest ductility.
Wear resistant
APPLICATIONS
◦ Machinery parts
◦ Low temperature pressure vessels.
◦ Springs and cutting tools.
◦ Music wire.
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7. CAST IRON
GREY CAST IRON
oContains 2 to 3% of silicon.
oLow cost and good castability.
oThey are always used under compressive
loading.
oMetal – metal resistance when
lubricated.
oBrittle in nature during tensile loading.
oUsed in engine cylinders , gear box ,
balance weight of large cranes
WHITE CAST IRON
◦ Contains less amount of carbon and
silicon.
◦ Hard and brittle.
◦ High resistant to abrasive wear.
◦ Used in ball milling , tiles , slury
pump bodies
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8. CAST IRON
MALLEABLE CAST IRON
oStronger and tougher than grey cast
iron.
oCan withstand shock loading.
oSuitable for casting of thin thickness.
oUsed in transmission casing and gear
box casing.
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9. NON-FERROUS
ALLOYS
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10. CLASSIFICATION
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11. ALUMINIUM & ITS ALLOYS
PROPERTIES
◦ Aluminium has very low density (2.7 g/cc).
◦ It has low melting point (660 C).
◦ Youngs modulus of 70GPa.
◦ High electric and thermal conductivity.
◦ Resistance to corrosion.
◦ Types are : wrought alloy , cast alloy , Al-Li alloy.
APPLICATIONS
◦ Foodchemical handling.
◦ Aircraft parts.
◦ Hydraulic tubes , TV towers.
◦ Utensils.
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12. TITANIUM & ITS ALLOYS
PROPERTIES
◦ It has a density of 4.51 g/cc.
◦ It has high melting point of 1678 C.
◦ High young’s modulus of 127GPa.
◦ High specific strength and stiffness.
◦ Superior corrosion and erosion resistance.
◦ High heat transfer efficiency.
◦ High affinity to oxygen , nitrogen , carbon etc.
APPLICATIONS
◦ Aeroengines , automobile parts.
◦ Electrochemical anodes.
◦ Heat exchangers.
◦ Medical implants.
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13. MAGNESIUM & ITS ALLOYS
PROPERTIES
◦ It has low density (1.74 g/cc).
◦ Low melting point(650 C).
◦ Young’s modulus of 45GPa.
◦ Ability to be thin cast.
◦ It ignites easily.
◦ Possible to integrate components.
APPLICATIONS
◦ Cam and mobile phone bodies.
◦ Alloyed wheel.
◦ Magnesium side panels.
◦ Gearbox housing.
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14. COPPER & ITS ALLOYS
PROPERTIES
◦ It has high density (8.96 g/cc).
◦ High melting point of 1083 C.
◦ Young’s modulus of 130GPa.
◦ Soft and ductile.
◦ It has cold working capacity.
◦ Difficult to machine.
APPLICATIONS
◦ Musical instruments and surgical instruments.
◦ Coins .
◦ Aircraft landing gears.
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15. LEAD
PROPERTIES
◦ It has a melting point of 360 C.
◦ Heaviest of common metal.
◦ Bluish grey colour and becomes dull on exposure
to air.
◦ Corrosion resistant and do not react with many
metals ( even acids ).
◦ Soft , heavy and malleable.
APPLICATIONS
◦ Used in producing solders.
◦ Manufacturing of acid tanks.
◦ Coating of electrical cables.
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16. TIN
PROPERTIES
◦ Soft silvery metal.
◦ Resists corrosion because it is protected by oxide
film.
◦ Malleable and ductile.
◦ It consists of diamond cubic structure.
◦ Has low melting point (232 C).
APPLICATIONS
◦ Solder.
◦ Tin plating.
◦ Manufacturing chemicals.
◦ Manufacturing glass.
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17. ZINC
PROPERTIES
◦ High fluidity and low melting point.
◦ Damp proof and non corrosive.
◦ Can be rolled into sheets.
◦ Used as protective coating.
◦ Low cost.
APPLICATIONS
◦ Effective shielding material.
◦ Covers of instruments and meters.
◦ Explosion proof equipment.
◦ Used in pharmaceutical industries.
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18. NICKEL
PROPERTIES
◦ Harder than copper.
◦ Low ductility.
◦ Plated on steel for corrosion resistance.
◦ Provides good surface finish.
◦ Good resistance to both acids and alkalies.
APPLICATIONS
◦ Used in food processing equipments.
◦ Used as a catalyst.
◦ Ceramic manufacturing.
◦ Aircraft turbines components.
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19. THANK YOU