Formatted functions like printf() and scanf() allow input and output to be formatted according to specifications. printf() displays output with a format string and variable values. scanf() reads input values and assigns them to variables. Unformatted functions like getchar(), putchar(), and gets() work with character and string data types without formatting.
Fundamentals of C includes tokens contains identifiers, constants, strings, variables, different types of operators, special symbols, data types and type casting in C Language
Fundamentals of C includes tokens contains identifiers, constants, strings, variables, different types of operators, special symbols, data types and type casting in C Language
Introduction to control structure in C Programming Language include decision making (if statement, if..else statement, if...else if...else statement, nested if...else statement, switch...case statement), Loop(for loop, while loop, do while loop, nested loop) and using keyword(break, continue and goto)
In C and all other Programming languages, loops allow a set
of instructions to be performed until a certain condition is reached. This condition may be predefined as in the for loop, or open-ended as in the while and do loops.
C Tokens, Escape sequence, Delimiters, Variables, Data types, Constants/ Literals, Expressions, Statements and Comments
https://github.com/ashim888/csit-c
Introduction to control structure in C Programming Language include decision making (if statement, if..else statement, if...else if...else statement, nested if...else statement, switch...case statement), Loop(for loop, while loop, do while loop, nested loop) and using keyword(break, continue and goto)
In C and all other Programming languages, loops allow a set
of instructions to be performed until a certain condition is reached. This condition may be predefined as in the for loop, or open-ended as in the while and do loops.
C Tokens, Escape sequence, Delimiters, Variables, Data types, Constants/ Literals, Expressions, Statements and Comments
https://github.com/ashim888/csit-c
Input refers to accepting data while output refers to presenting data. Normally the data is accepted from keyboard and is outputted onto the screen.
C language has a series of standard input-output (I/O) functions. Such I/O functions together form a library named stdio.h. Irrespective of the version of C language, user will have access to all such library functions. These library functions are classified into three broad categories.
a) Console I/O functions : Functions which accept input from keyboard and produce output on the screen.
b) Disk I/O functions : Functions which perform I/O operations on secondary storage devices like floppy disks or hard disks.
c) Port I/O functions : Functions which perform I/O operations on various ports like printer port, mouse port, etc.
Console I/
Fundamental of C Programming Language and Basic Input/Output Functionimtiazalijoono
Fundamental of C Programming Language
and
Basic Input/Output Function
contents
C Development Environment
C Program Structure
Basic Data Types
Input/Output function
Common Programming Error
It is an attempt to make the students of IT understand the basics of programming in C in a simple and easy way. Send your feedback for rectification/further development.
C is a powerful general-purpose programming language. It can be used to develop software like operating systems, databases, compilers, and so on. C programming is an excellent language to learn to program for beginners.
C is a high level programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at AT and T Bell Laboratories, New Jersey, USA to develop the UNIX operating system.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
2. Introduction
• Reading input data, processing it and displaying the
results are the three tasks of any program.
• There are two ways to accept the data.
– In one method, a data value is assigned to the variable with an
assignment statement.
• int year = 2005; char letter = ‘a’; int x = 12345;
– Another way of accepting the data is with functions.
• There are a number of I/O functions in C, based
on the data type. The input/output functions are
classified in two types.
– Formatted functions
– Unformatted functions
3. Formatted function
• With the formatted functions, the input or
output is formatted as per our requirement.
• All the I/O function are defined as stdio.h
header file.
• Header file should be included in the program
at the beginning.
5. Formatted Functions Unformatted Functions
• It read and write all types • Works only with character
of data values. data type
• Require format string to • Do not require format
produce formatted result conversion for formatting
• Returns value after data type
execution
6. printf() function
• This function displays output with specified format
• It requires format conversion symbol or format string
and variables names to the print the data
• The list of variables are specified in the printf()
statement
• The values of the variables are printed as the
sequence mentioned in printf()
• The format string symbol and variable name should
be the same in number and type
7. printf() function
• Syntax
printf(“control string”, varialbe1, variable2,..., variableN);
• The control string specifies the field format such as
%d, %s, %g, %f and variables as taken by the
programmer
12. • All the format specification starts with % and a
format specification letter after this symbol.
• It indicates the type of data and its format.
• If the format string does not match with the
corresponding variable, the result will not be
correct.
• Along with format specification use
– Flags
– Width
– Precision
13. • Flag
– It is used for output justification, numeric signs, decimal
points, trailing zeros.
– The flag (-) justifies the result. If it is not given the default
result is right justification.
• Width
– It sets the minimum field width for an output value.
– Width can be specified through a decimal point or using an
asterisk ‘*’.
18. Sr. No Format Meaning Explanation
1 %wd Format for integer w is width in integer and d
output is conversion specification
2 %w.cf Format for float w is width in integer, c
numbers specifies the number of
digits after decimal point
and f specifies the
conversion specification
3 %w.cs Format for string w is width for total
output characters, c are used
displaying leading blanks
and s specifies conversion
specification
19. scanf() function
• scanf() function reads all the types of data
values.
• It is used for runtime assignment of variables.
• The scanf() statement also requires
conversion symbol to identify the data to be
read during the execution of the program.
• The scanf() stops functioning when some
input entered does not match format string.
20. scanf() function
Syntax :
scanf(“%d %f %c”, &a, &b, &c);
Scanf statement requires ‘&’ operator called address
operator
The address operator prints the memory location of
the variable
scanf() statement the role of ‘&’ operator is to
indicate the memory location of the variable, so that
the value read would be placed at that location.
21. scanf() function
The scanf() function statement also return values.
The return value is exactly equal to the number of
values correctly read.
If the read value is convertible to the given format,
conversion is made.
22. void main()
{
int a;
clrscr();
printf(“Enter value of ‘A’ : “);
scanf(“%c”, &a);
printf(“A : %c”,a);
}
OUTPUT
Enter value of ‘A’ : 8
A:8
23. void main()
{
char a;
clrscr();
printf(“Enter value of ‘A’ : “);
scanf(“%d”, &a);
printf(“A : %d”,a);
}
OUTPUT
Enter value of ‘A’ : 255
A : 255
Enter value of ‘A’ : 256
A : 256
24. Sr. No Format Meaning Explanation
1 %wd Format for integer w is width in integer and d
input is conversion specification
2 %w.cf Format for float w is width in integer, c
point input specifies the number of
digits after decimal point
and f specifies the
conversion specification
3 %w.cs Format for string w is width for total
input characters, c are used
displaying leading blanks
and s specifies conversion
specification
25. Data Type Format string
Integer Short Integer %d or %i
Short unsigned %u
Long signed %ld
Long unsigned %lu
Unsigned hexadecimal %u
Unsigned octal %o
Real Floating %f or %g
Double Floating %lf
Character Signed Character %c
Unsigned Character %c
String %s
Octal number %o
Displays Hexa decimal %hx
number in lowercase
Displays Hexa decimal %p
number in lowercase
Aborts program with %n
error
26. Escape Sequence
Escape Sequence Use ASCII value
• printf() and scanf() statement n New Line 10
follows the combination of
characters called escape b Backspace 8
sequence f Form feed 12
• Escape sequence are special ’ Single quote 39
characters starting with ‘’ Backslash 92
0 Null 0
t Horizontal Tab 9
r Carriage Return 13
a Alert 7
” Double Quote 34
v Variable tab 11
? Question mark 63
27. void main()
{
int a = 1, b = a + 1, c = b + 1, d = c + 1;
clrscr();
printf(“t A = %dnB = %d ’C = %d’”,a,b,c);
printf(“nb***D = %d**”,d);
printf(“n*************”);
printf(“rA = %d B = %d”, a, b);
}
OUTPUT
A=1
B=2 ‘C = 3’
***D=4**
A = 1 B = 2******
28. Unformatted Functions
• C has three types of I/O functions
– Character I/O
– String I/O
– File I/O
– Character I/O
29. getchar
• This function reads a character type data from
standard input.
• It reads one character at a time till the user presses
the enter key.
• Syntax
VariableName = getchar();
• Example
char c;
c = getchar();
30. putchar
• This function prints one character on the
screen at a time, read by the standard input.
• Syntax
– puncher(variableName)
• Example
char c = ‘C’;
putchar(c);
31. getch() and getche()
• These functions read any alphanumeric character
from the standard input device.
• The character entered is not displayed by the getch()
function.
• The character entered is displayed by the getche()
function.
• Exampe
ch = getch();
ch = getche();
32. gets()
• This function is used for accepting any string through stdin
keyword until enter key is pressed.
• The header file stdio.h is needed for implementing the
above function.
• Syntax
char str[length of string in number];
gets(str);
void main()
{
char ch[30];
clrscr();
printf(“Enter the string : “);
gets();
printf(“n Entered string : %s”, ch);
}
33. puts()
• This function prints the string or character array.
• It is opposite to gets()
char str[length of string in number];
gets(str);
puts(str);