The document discusses various input and output functions in C programming. It describes scanf() and printf() for input and output without spaces, gets() and puts() for multi-word input and output, getchar() and putchar() for single character input and output, and getch() and putch() for single character input and output without pressing enter. It also covers format specifiers used with these functions and escape sequences.

3. SCANF &PRINTF
Input Statement -> SCANF
scanf() is used to give data to variables using keyboard
scanf works very well when the viewer’s input has NO
spaces
Output Statement ->PRINTF
printf() is used to show the result of the program trough
display device

4. GETS &PUTS
Input Statement -> GETS
gets() function accepts an entire line of input from the
standard input device (keyboard)
Output Statement ->PUTS
It is complement of gets. Its display a string on the
standard output device

5. REVISE LAB 3
Exercise 1
a. #include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
Enter subject name: Computer Programming
char subject[20];
Your name is: Computer
printf("Enter subject name:");
scanf("%s", &subject);
printf("Your name is: %s n",subject);
getch();
}
b. #include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
Enter subject name: Computer Programming
char subject[20];
Your name is:
printf("Enter a subject name:");
Computer Programming
gets(subject);
printf("Your name is: n");
puts(subject);
getch();
}

6. Cannot read a multi-word string such as
computer programming
Its read only computer
scanf terminates it input when it encounter a
blank space such as space, tab, new
line, form feed, carriage return.
Overcomes the disadvantages of scanf functions
It can read any string length with any numbers of blank space

7. GETCHAR &PUTCHAR
• Define in the standard C header stdio.h
Input Statement -> GETCHAR
• getch is used to read a character with
pressing the enter
Output Statement ->PUTCHAR
• Complement of the getchar function
• To display a single character on the
standard output device

8. GETCH &PUTCH
• Accessed from <stdio.h> standard library
Input Statement -> GETCH
• getch is used to returns a single character typed in from the
standard input device
Output Statement ->PUTCH
• As soon as key is pressed it stop accessing the keyboard.
• User don’t have to press the ENTER key.

9. REVISE LAB 3
Exercise 1
c. #include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
Enter a character: Computer Programming
char letter;
Your Input is:
printf("Enter a character:");
C
letter=getchar();
printf("nYour input is: n");
putchar(letter);
getch();
}
d. #include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
Enter subject name:
char letter;
Your name is:
printf("Enter a character:");
C
letter=getch();
printf("nYour input is: n");
putch(letter);
getch();
}

10. What is a STRING??
a string is a character variable with more than
one character.
Strings can be
abbreviations, words, phrases, sentences, or
even paragraphs

11. Can be said as :
Format specifier
Format string

12. Format Output Type Output
Specifier Example
%d Signed decimal integer 76
%i Signed decimal integer 76
%o Unsigned octal integer 134
%u Unsigned decimal integer 76
%x Unsigned hexadecimal (small letter) 9c
%X Unsigned hexadecimal (capital letter) 9C
%f Integer including decimal point 76.0000
%e Signed floating point (using e notation) 7.6000e+01
%E Signed floating point (using E notation) 7.6000E+01
%g The shorter between %f and %e 76
%G The shorter between %f and %E 76
%c Character ‘7’
%s String ‘76'

13. Why Use Format Specifier??
Nature of c requires that I/0 operations
be associated with specifier data types.
This association is made with format and
conversion specifiers.
When use with the input statements,
conversion specifiers tell what kind of
variable is being read

14. Example
scanf(“%lf”,& x);
Tells C to interpret character
type at the keyboard as real
number of type double

16. Also said as sscape sequences
Its allow you to send nongraphic control characters to a display
device
Basic Constant Effect
a Beep sound
b Backspace
f Formfeed (for printing)
n New line
r Carriage return
t Tab
v Vertical tab
Backslash
” “ sign
o Octal decimal
x Hexadecimal
O NULL