The document discusses various types of constants and variables in C programming. It describes primary constants like integer, real, and character constants and defines rules for constructing each type. Secondary constants include arrays, pointers, structures, and unions. Variables represent unknown values that can change during program execution. The document outlines naming conventions and rules for defining variables. It also covers C data types like integer, floating point, characters, and void and provides details on their sizes and ranges. Initialization of variables through assignment at declaration or dynamically at runtime is also summarized.
Data types in java | What is Datatypes in Java | Learning with RD | Created b...rahuldaredia21
In this presentation , i will present a what are the datatypes in java? in brief and use easy world to understand easily about datatype but more important think in this presentation is diagram because any types of topic like In Byte understand in theory but easily understand in only diagrams and all about details of byte and also in case all datatypes in java give understand in diagrams then also watch video on youtube to understand more about datatypes link in this description .
https://youtu.be/pOBS9wBXVjY
click on link and watch this video understand datatypes easily.
THANK YOU
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Data types in java | What is Datatypes in Java | Learning with RD | Created b...rahuldaredia21
In this presentation , i will present a what are the datatypes in java? in brief and use easy world to understand easily about datatype but more important think in this presentation is diagram because any types of topic like In Byte understand in theory but easily understand in only diagrams and all about details of byte and also in case all datatypes in java give understand in diagrams then also watch video on youtube to understand more about datatypes link in this description .
https://youtu.be/pOBS9wBXVjY
click on link and watch this video understand datatypes easily.
THANK YOU
C++ / CPP / C PLUS PLUS notes, object oriented programming using C++ / CPP / C PLUS PLUS, C++ / CPP / C PLUS PLUS tutorial, lecture notes, C++ / CPP / C PLUS PLUS programming notes, C++ / CPP / C PLUS PLUS example programs, C++ / CPP / C PLUS PLUS programs with explanation, C++ / CPP / C PLUS PLUS source code with output, C++ / CPP / C PLUS PLUS programs, C++ / CPP / C PLUS PLUS coding, C++ / CPP / C PLUS PLUS codes, C++ / CPP / C PLUS PLUS slides, C++ / CPP / C PLUS PLUS notes
Download this Presentation for free from www.ecti.co.in/downloads.html
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● Introduction to components of a Computer System
● Introduction to Algorithm and Flowchart
● Keywords, Identifiers, Constants and Variables
● Data types in C
● Operators in C
● Basic Input and Output Operations
● Expressions and Precedence of Operators
● In-built Functions
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At the end of this lecture students should be able to;
Define Keywords / Reserve Words in C programming language.
Define Identifiers, Variable, Data Types, Constants and statements in C Programming language.
Justify the internal process with respect to the variable declaration and initialization.
Apply Variable Declaration and Variable initialization statement.
Assigning values to variables.
Apply taught concepts for writing programs.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
2. C - Constants
Constants
Primary Secondary
Constants Constants
Integer Constants Array
Real Constants Pointer
Character Structure
Constants Union
Enum. etc
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3. Rules for Constructing Integer Constants
An integer constant must have at least one digit.
It must not have a decimal point.
1, 2, -3, 99, 1000 are valid integer constant
1.3, 2.00, 0.01, -99, 100.9 are invalid integer constant
It can be either positive or negative.
If no sign precedes an integer constant it is assumed to be
positive.
No commas or blanks are allowed within an integer constant.
The allowable range for integer constants is -32768 to 32767.
Ex.: 426
+782
-8000
-7605
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4. Rules for Constructing Real Constants
A real constant must have at least one digit.
It must have a decimal point.
It could be either positive or negative.
Default sign is positive.
No commas or blanks are allowed within a
real constant.
• Ex.: +325.34
426.0
-32.76
-48.5792
5. Rules for Constructing Character Constants
• A characterspecial symbolsingle alphabet, asingle digit
or a single
constant is a
enclosed within
single
inverted commas.
• Both the inverted commas should point to the left. For
example, ’A’ is a valid character constant whereas ‘A’
is not.
• The maximum length of a character constant can be 1
character.
Ex.: 'A'
'I'
'5'
'='
6. Variable
Variables in C have the same meaning as variables in
algebra. That is, they represent some unknown, or
variable, value.
•x=a+b
• z + 2 = 3(y - 5)
Remember that variables in algebra are represented by a
single alphabetic character
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7. Variable
A variable is a used to store values. It has memory
location and can store single value at a time.
A variable is a data name used for storing a data
value. Its value may be changed during the
program execution.
The variable value keeps on changing during the
execution of the program.
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8. Naming Variables
• Variables in C may be given representations
containing multiple characters. But there are
rules for these representations.
• Variable names (identifiers) in C
o May only consist of letters, digits, and
underscores
o May be as long as you like, but only the first 31
characters are significant
o May not begin with a digit
o May not be a C reserved word (keyword)
9. Naming Conventions
C programmers generally agree on the
following conventions for naming variables.
o Begin variable names with lowercase letters
o
Use meaningful identifiers
o Separate “words” within identifiers with
underscores or mixed upper and lower case.
o Examples: surfaceArea surface_Area
surface_area
o Be consistent!
10. Rules for Defining Variables
• A variable must begin with a character or an underscore without spaces.
The underscore is treated as one type of characters.
– It is advised that the variable names should not start with underscore because
library routines mostly use such variable names.
• The length of the variable varies from compiler to compiler. Generally,
most of the compilers support eight characters excluding extension.
– ANSI standard recognizes the maximum length of a variable up to 31
characters.
• The variable should not be a C keyword.
• The variable names may be a combination of uppercase and lowercase
characters.
• The variable name should not start with a digit.
• Blanks and commas are not permitted within a variable name.
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11. C Data Types
C Data Types
Derived Data Type Basic Data Type User Defined Data Type
Pointers Pointers
Functions Functions
Arrays Arrays
Integer Floating Point void
char float
int double
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12. C Data Types
Data Type Size(bytes) Range Format String
char 1 -128 to 127 %c
unsigned char 1 0 to 255 %c
short or int 2 -32768 to 32767 %i or %d
unsigned int 2 0 to 65535 %u
long 4 -2147483648 to 2147483647 %ld
unsigned long 4 0 to 4294967295 %lu
float 4 3.4 e-38 to 3.4 e+38 %f or %g
double 8 1.7 e-308 to 1.7 e+308 %lf
long double 10 3.4 e-4932 to 1.1 e + 4932 %lf
enum 2* -32768 to 32767 %d
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13. C Data types
• Integer Data Type
– int, short and long
– All C compilers offers different integer data types.
Short Integer Long Intger
Occupies 2 bytes in memory Occupies 4 bytes in memory
Range : -32768 to 32767 Range : -2147483648 to 2147483647
Program runs faster Program runs slower
Format Specifier : %d or %i Format Specifier : %ld
Example : Example :
int a = 2; long b = 123456
short int b = 2; long int c=1234567
Note : when variable is declared without short or long keyword, the default is short-
signed int.
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14. C Data Types
Difference between signed and unsigned integers
Signed Integer Unsigned Integer
Occupies 2 bytes in memory Occupies 4 bytes in memory
Range : -32768 to 32767 Range : 0 to 65535
Format Specifier : %d or %i Format Specifier : %u
By default signed int is short signed int By default unsigned int is short unsigned
int
There are also long signed integers having There are also long unsigned int with
range from -2147483648 to 2147483647 range 0 to 4294967295
Example : Example:
int a=2; unsigned long b=567898;
long int b=2; unsigned short int c=223;
When a variable is declared as unsigned
the negative range of the data type is
transferred to positive, i.e. doubles the
largest size of possible value. This is due to
delcaring unsigned int, the 16th bit is free
and not used to store the sign of the
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number
15. C Data Types
Signed Character Unsigned Character
Occupies 1 bytes in memory Occupies 1 bytes in memory
Range : -128 to 127 Range : 0 to 255
Format Specifier : %c Format Specifier : %c
When printed using %d format specifier When printed using %d format specifier,
prints ASCII character pirnts ASCII character
char ch=‘b’ unsigned char = ‘b’;
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16. C Data Type
Floating Double Floating
Occupies 4 bytes in memory Occupies 8 bytes in memory
Range : 3.4e-38 to +3.4e+38 Range : 1.7 e-308 to +1.73+308;
Format String : %f Format String : %lf
Example : Example :
float a; double y;
There also exist long double
having ranged 3.4 e-4932 to 1.1e +
4932 and occupies 10 bytes in
memory
Example :
long double k;
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17. Initialization Variables
• Variable declared can be assigned operator ῾=᾽. The declaration and
initialization can also be done in the same line.
Syntax :
variable_name = constant;
or
data_type variable_name = constant;
Example :
x = 5; where is an integer variable.
Example :
int y = 4;
Example :
int x,y,z;
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18. Dynamic Initialization
• The initialization of variable at run time is called dynamic initialization.
Dynamic refers to the process during execution.
• In C initialization can be done at any place in the program, however the
declaration should be done at the declaration part only.
• Example :
void main()
{
int r=2;
float area=3.14*r*r;
clrscr();
printf(“Area = %g”, area);
}
OUTPUT:
Area=12.56;
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19. Example :
Type Modifiers void main()
{
short t = 1;
• The keywords signed, long k = 54111;
unsigned u = 10;
unsigned, short and
signed j = -10;
long are type modifiers.
clrscr();
• A type modifier printf(“n t=%d”,t)
changes the meaning of printf(“n k=%ld”, k);
basic data type and printf(“n u=%u, u);
printf(“n j=%d”, j);
produces a new type.
}
• Each of these type OUTPUT
modifiers is applicable t = 1;
k = 54111;
to the basic data type
u = 10;
int. j = -10
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20. • Type Conversion
• Wrapping Around
• Constant and Volatile
Variables
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