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Stakeholder Relationships 
   in the New Economy

   WORLD PUBLIC RELATIONS FORUM
           14 June 2010
        Prof Mervyn E King SC
Caretaker
Darwinian or biblical
Superior being
Taken care?
Transient in universal context
Not owners of planet earth



                                 Corporate Legal Advisers
Inheritance
The trouble with our times
Your children and their children
Individual the driver
Of all entities
Ecological overshoot
More in urban areas
IT and shareholder revolutions
                                   Corporate Legal Advisers
London




         Corporate Legal Advisers
Not in a Vacuum
18th and 19th centuries
Mid‐20th century
Last decades of 20th century
Integral to society – link
Greatest pools of human and monetary capital
The 100 largest economies
Changed its identity



                                         Corporate Legal Advisers
Parallel Crises
Financial crisis, spilling over into the 
economy
Climate change crisis
Ecosystem/natural resources crisis – two 
thirds of our most important ecosystems –
like tropical forests, farm land, fresh water 
and marine resources –used beyond 
nature’s capacity to regenerate them
                                     Corporate Legal Advisers
Yesterday’s Economic Model
Yesterday’s economic model was based 
on the false assumptions :
 that there were limitless resources in nature 
 and 
 that nature had an infinite capacity to 
 absorb waste



                                      Corporate Legal Advisers
Planet Inn
100 years ago
1 billion people
1945 – just under 2 billion
2010 – 6.5 billion
2050 – 9.5 billion
No vacancies

                              Corporate Legal Advisers
100 Years
Take, Make and Waste
Natural capital at no cost
As a result, natural resources depleted, 
water polluted and greenhouse gasses 
(GHG) into open sewer in the sky
Business cannot be conducted as usual


                                   Corporate Legal Advisers
Inseparable
Good governance
Strategy
Sustainability
Governance, strategy and sustainability have 
become inseparable
Coca Cola




                                        Corporate Legal Advisers
Measuring Company’s 
                Economic Value
                                    20 % ?



                                     67%
market value  
                                 Brand value  
$ 105,586 mil
                                 $ 70,453 mil 
                                   (Interbrand)




                                     13%
source: SAM                       Book value 
                                 $ 13,560 mil




                                 Corporate Legal Advisers
Integrated Reporting




                       Corporate Legal Advisers
The New Economy
Business as unusual
Making more with less
Procter & Gamble
Coca Cola
Google
Governance, strategy and sustainability 
are inseparable!
                                  Corporate Legal Advisers
Five Essential Capital Aspects
Financial capital
Human capital
Natural capital
Social capital
Manufactured/technology capital
Critical interdependencies

                                  Corporate Legal Advisers
The Governance Regime
Mid 19th century
Limited liability company – incapacitated
Wealthy families – shareholders and 
directors
Primacy of shareholders
Growth of companies – “agency problem”
Stakeholder – inclusive approach
                                 Corporate Legal Advisers
The Inclusive Approach
Purpose
Value drivers – culture
Stakeholder groupings
Interests and expectations
Take account of
Guided by best interests of company

                                Corporate Legal Advisers
Principles of the Inclusive 
          Approach
Responsibly and responsively
Accountability – account to, but of
Fairness – the right thing to do
Transparency – withering effect
Intellectual honesty



                                      Corporate Legal Advisers
Corporate Reputation – Brand
Intangible assets
Stakeholders’ aggregate perceptions
Equal overall assessment of company
Results in formation of the reputation
Measurement :
 performance compared with
 interests and expectations
                                  Corporate Legal Advisers
Legitimate Interests and 
         Expectations
A reasonable and informed bystander
Valid and justifiable
Legal basis
Moral or ethical basis




                               Corporate Legal Advisers
Who are Stakeholders?
Group that can affect operations
Group affected by operations
By contract
By tort (delict)
By statute
By codes

                                   Corporate Legal Advisers
Board’s Duty
Identify the stakeholder groupings
Their interests and expectations
Relevant to company’s long‐term goals
Delegate to management to 
communicate
Board agenda item:  The Relationships


                                Corporate Legal Advisers
Governance Framework
                                       International
                                          National
                                           Local
                                External
                                  External Stakeholders
                                Stakeholders
         Consultants &                                            Government
       Consultants &         Internal Stakeholders
                                   Internal Stakeholders     Government
         Advisors
       Advisors

    Stock
Stock          Money  M
                  MoneyM
               Lenders of
                  Lenders of
                                     Board
                                       Board               EE
                                                       Employees
                                                             Employees
                                                                               Trade
                                                                           Trade
   Exchange                                                                    Unions
                                                                           Unions
Exchange


                                     AA
                                   Directors                       Share
                                      Directors            Shareholders
  Media
Media          CC Business
              Business          Management
                                  Management
                                                            CC     holders
                                                                           Corporate
                                                                                Corporate
                  Partners
              Partners                                                     Governance
                                                                               Governance
        Environ‐                                       Customers           Guidelines
                                                                              Guidelines
   Environ‐                                                 Customers
        mentalists
   mentalists
                                       SS
                                   Suppliers
                                      Suppliers             Auditors
               TradeTrade                                       Auditors
               Associations
                    Associations
                             Federations/codes
                                          Local
                                       Local
                                       Communities
                                       Communities
                             industry norms

                                                                                        Corporate Legal Advisers
Licensors to Operate
                                  Law/Regulation
      Political Opinion                                          Industry and 
                                                                Market Standards




Public Opinion/                                                     Industry 
  Confidence
                                Company                            Reputation



                                                                  Media
        Pressure Groups

                           Individual attitudes:  Customers, 
                          Suppliers, Consumers, Employees, 
                              Investors and Community
                                                                    Corporate Legal Advisers
The Moat
Stakeholders




The Company




               Corporate Legal Advisers
The Gap
Company performance
Company reporting
Stakeholder interests and expectations
Stakeholder perceptions




                                 Corporate Legal Advisers
Actions
What company does
How it makes its money
What and how it communicates
Bridges actual and perceived gaps




                                    Corporate Legal Advisers
The CRO
Corporate reputation officer
Communicates with stakeholders
Informs management
Employee or independent
Strategic communication



                                 Corporate Legal Advisers
Reporting
Electronic communication
Website, blogging, etc
Stakeholder associations
Advertising
Press releases



                           Corporate Legal Advisers
Caveats
Information in public domain
Not in public domain
Price sensitive information
Do not make stakeholder an insider




                                Corporate Legal Advisers
Content
Substance over form
Transparent
Effective communication
Understandable language
Positives and the negatives



                              Corporate Legal Advisers
Annual Report
The company’s stakeholder policy
Identify stakeholder groupings
Information highlights
Stakeholders’ views, events, issues or 
trends



                                   Corporate Legal Advisers
Alternative Dispute Resolution 
            (ADR)
Disputes with stakeholders
Building relationships
Dispute can destroy relationship
Alternative dispute resolution clause




                                  Corporate Legal Advisers
Integrated Report
Holistic and integrated representation
Of the company’s performance
Financially, socially and environmentally
Disclosure of stakeholder policy
Stakeholder groupings and relationship



                                  Corporate Legal Advisers
What Can Business Do?
Change mindset with changed identity
Business as unusual
Produce more with less
Integrated reports, including stakeholder 
relationships
Informed assessment of sustainability of company
Good, hardnosed business, inclusive approach
Fulfilling our duty to those who come after us
Incapacitated good corporate citizen
Right thing – essential thing                Corporate Legal Advisers
How Report Performance?
Financial information alone?
Not sufficient for informed assessments
How has the company positively and negatively impacted 
on a community economically, socially and environmentally 
through its operations during the year under review and 
related to its stakeholders?
How is the company going to improve the positive aspects 
and eradicate or ameliorate the negative aspects in the 
financial year ahead and improve its stakeholder 
relationships?
Clear and understandable language
Corporate reporting not what it used to be        Corporate Legal Advisers
CSR




      Corporate Legal Advisers
A Journey
Step by step
An ascending path
There is no end
Personal achievement
The Age of Stupid 2010



                         Corporate Legal Advisers
Thank You



Prof Mervyn E King SC

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