This document discusses dynamic memory allocation in C using four main functions: malloc(), calloc(), realloc(), and free(). It provides examples of using each function and explains their differences. malloc() allocates memory during execution but does not initialize it, while calloc() initializes the memory to zero. realloc() modifies the size of previously allocated memory. free() frees up memory allocated by the other functions. The document aims to help understand these important functions for dynamic memory management in C.

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3. Dynamic memory allocation in C
MUHAMMEDTHANVEER.M
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4. The process of allocating memory during
program execution is called dynamic memory
allocation.
4 dynamic memory allocation functions
S.No Function Syntax
1 malloc () malloc (number *sizeof(int));
2 calloc () calloc (number, sizeof(int));
3 realloc () realloc (pointer_name, number * sizeof(int));
4 free () free (pointer_name);

5. 1. malloc() function in C:
malloc () function is used to allocate space in memory during the execution
f the program.
malloc () does not initialize the memory allocated during execution. It
carries garbage value.
malloc () function returns null pointer if it couldn’t able to allocate
requested amount of memory.

6. EXAMPLE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
char *mem_allocation;
/* memory is allocated dynamically */
mem_allocation = malloc( 20 * sizeof(char) );
if( mem_allocation== NULL )
{
printf("Couldn't able to allocate requested memoryn");
}
else
{
strcpy( mem_allocation,“shernoobi@gmail.com"); output:shernoobi@gmail.com
}
printf("Dynamically allocated memory content : "
"%sn", mem_allocation );
free(mem_allocation);
}

7. 2. calloc() function in C:
calloc () function is also like malloc () function. But calloc ()
initializes the allocated memory to zero. But, malloc()
doesn’t.

8. EXAMPLE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
char *mem_allocation;
/* memory is allocated dynamically */
mem_allocation = calloc( 20, sizeof(char) ); Output:shernoobi@gmail.com
if( mem_allocation== NULL )
{
printf("Couldn't able to allocate requested memoryn");
}
else
{
strcpy( mem_allocation,“shernoobi@gmail.com");
}
printf("Dynamically allocated memory content : "
"%sn", mem_allocation );
free(mem_allocation);
}

9. 3. realloc() function in C:
realloc () function modifies the allocated memory size by malloc () and calloc () functions to new
size.
If enough space doesn’t exist in memory of current block to extend, new block is allocated for
the full size of reallocation, then copies the existing data to new block and then frees the old
block.
4. free() function in C:
free () function frees the allocated memory by malloc (), calloc (), realloc () functions
and returns the memory to the system.

10. EXAMPLE
//insert extra numbers
#include<stdio.h>//header
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()//main function
{
int int_n,int_i,int_j,int_m,*ptr_b;//local variable declaration
char str_a;
printf("enter number of element");//by user
scanf("%d",&int_n);//read and assign
ptr_b=(int*)calloc(int_n,sizeof(int));//malloc memory allocation
if(ptr_b==NULL)
{
printf("ERROR!memory not allocated");
exit(0);
}
printf("Now,enter the element");//by user
for(int_i=0;int_i<int_n;++int_i)//check condition
{
scanf("%d",ptr_b+int_i);//block of statement
}

11. printf("do you want to enter more numbers?.y/n");
scanf("%s",&str_a);
if(str_a=='y'||str_a=='Y')//check condition using if
{
printf("enter the number of extra element:");
scanf("%d",&int_m);
printf("enter the new elements:");
ptr_b=(int*)realloc(ptr_b,int_n+int_m);//create realloc memory
for(int_j=int_n;int_j<(int_n+int_m);int_j++)//check condition using loop
{
scanf("%d",ptr_b+int_j);
}
for(int_i=0;int_i<(int_n+int_m);++int_i)
{
printf("%d",*(ptr_b+int_i));//print the value
}
}
getch();
free(ptr_b);//clear the allocated memory
return 0;
}

12. OUT PUT
Enter number of element
3
Now,enter the element
4
5
6
Do you want to enter more numbers?.y/n
Y
Enter the number of extra elements
2
Enter the new element
8
9
45689

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