Research is a systematic investigation to discover answers to questions through intellectual and methodical processes. There are three main types of research: applied research seeks practical solutions to problems, pure research advances knowledge for its own sake, and action/developmental research balances problem solving with analysis in a collaborative context. Historical, descriptive, experimental, and causal-comparative research are specific methodologies. Historical research tests past reports, descriptive research conveys "what is", experimental research controls variables to predict outcomes, and causal-comparative research investigates existing relationships without manipulation.

1. TYPES OF RESEARCH

2. ▶ - a human activity based on intellectual
application in the investigation matter.
▶ Is a systematic and organized way to find answers
to questions.
▶ Its primary aim is discovering, interpreting, and
development of methods and systems for the
advancement of human knowledge on a wide
variety of scientific matters of our world and the
universe.
What is Research?

3. ▶ Applied Research
▶ Pure Research
▶ Action and Developmental Research
3 Basic Types of Research

4. ▶ Refers to scientific study and research that seeks to
solve practical problems rather than to acquire
knowledge for knowledge’s sake.
▶ Is original work undertaken primarily to acquire new
knowledge with a specific application in view.
▶ It is used to find solutions to everyday problems, cure
illness, and develop innovative technologies.
▶ It is for the sake of technological advancements.
▶ Its goal is to improve the human condition.
Applied Research

5. ▶ Pricing a new product
▶ Where to locate a new retail store
▶ How many employees to hire
▶ How many products to offer
▶ What to pay employees
Example of Applied Research

6. ▶ It is also referred to as “basic”, is dedicated to the
generations of new ideas and paradigms for
thinking and knowing within a particular field.
▶ Is for the sake of curiosity and functions to
advance knowledge for its own sake.
▶ It create knowledge which may become the basis
of applied research
Pure research

7. Basic Applied
Theory: color, form, composition Internship, computer/hardware
Knowledge Experience
Learning Training
Non-linear ( no in order) Linear( predictable/predicted outcome
Literary( poetic, experimental) Practical( client and business oriented)
Motivated by transfer of information Motivated by profit
High-risk/low output Low-risk/High output
Basic vs Applied Research

8. ▶ Is an interactive inquiry process that balances
problem solving actions implemented in a
collaborative context with data-driven
collaborative analysis.
▶ Research to understand underlying causes
enabling future predictions about personal and
organizational change.
Action and Developmental Research

9. ▶ Is a procedure supplementary to observation in
which the researcher seeks to test the authenticity
of the reports or observations made by others.
▶ Employed by researchers who are interested in
reporting events and/or conditions that occurred
in the past.
▶ An attempt is made to establish facts in order to
arrive at conclusions concerning past events or
predict future events.
Historical Research

10. ▶ 1. Recognition of a historical problem or the
identification of a need for certain historical
knowledge.
▶ 2. Gathering of as much relevant information about
the problem or topic.
▶ 3. The selection, organization, and analysis of the most
pertinent collected evidence
▶ 4. Recording of conclusions.
▶ 5. Forming of hypothesis that tentatively explain
relationship between historical factors
▶ 6. The rigorous collection and organization signs in a
meaningful narrative
Steps in conducting historical research

11. ▶ Primary sources- first hand accounts of
information. It involves logic, intuition,
persistence, and common sense. E.g. personal
diaries, eyewitness accounts of evens.
▶ Secondary sources- are records or accounts
prepared by someone other than the person, or
persons who participated in or observed event.
(E.g. newspapers, textbooks, review of research
and other references)
Sources of Data

12. SPECIFIC RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
▶ Historical Research
▶ Descriptive Research
▶ Experimental Research
▶ Causal Comparative Research

13. HISTORICAL RESEARCH
▶ Historical Research is a procedure supplementary
to observation in which the researcher seeks to
test the authenticity of the reports or observations
made by others.
▶ The process of learning and understanding the
background and growth of a chosen field of study
or profession can offer insight into organizational
culture, current trends, and future possibilities.
The historical method of research applies to all
fields of study because it encompasses their:
origins, growth, theories, personalities, crisis, etc.

14. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
▶ Tells "what is." No manipulations of variables are
attempted, only descriptions of variables and their
relationships as they naturally occur.
▶ It is used to obtain information concerning the
current status of the phenomena to describe "what
exists" with respect to variables or conditions in a
situation.

15. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
▶ An attempt by the researcher to maintain control
over all factors that may affect the result of an
experiment. In doing this, the researcher attempts
to determine or predict what may occur.
▶ The purpose, therefore, of experimental designs is
to eliminate alternative hypotheses.

16. CAUSAL COMPARATIVE RESEARCH
▶ It is used when you cannot test a hypothesis by
manipulating a variable. This type of research allows you
to investigate relationships in which variables like
intelligence, creativity, socioeconomic status, and
instructor personality cannot be manipulated.
▶ Causal-comparative research is also referred to as "ex post
facto" research, which means after the fact or from a thing
done afterwards. This simply implies that the researcher is
studying the cause-effect relationship that already exists,
without attempting any control or change in either the
cause or the effect.