Mediterranean
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This document discusses the biodiversity of the Mediterranean Basin hotspot, noting that it contains over 22,500 endemic plant species, 500 bird species including 25 endemics, 220 mammal species with 25 endemics, 225 reptile species with 80 endemics, 80 amphibian species with 30 endemics, and 220 fish species including 60 endemics. However, the region has faced significant human pressures like deforestation, grazing, fires and development over the last 8,000 years that have threatened its biodiversity, which is at further risk from the rapid population growth of 300 million people in the area.
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1) In the nucleus, RNA polymerase unzips DNA and copies its sequence into a messenger RNA (mRNA) strand.
2) The mRNA exits the nucleus through the nuclear pore and enters the cytoplasm.
3) In the cytoplasm, the mRNA binds to a ribosome which reads its sequence in groups of three bases (codons).
4) Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules matching these codons bring specific amino acids to the ribosome.
5) The amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide chain, which later folds into a functional protein.
Josh.godo protein synthesis
The document is a flip book that summarizes the key steps of protein synthesis: 1) DNA is unwound in the cell nucleus and an mRNA strand is produced, 2) the mRNA strand moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where ribosomes are located, 3) ribosomes read the mRNA strand and amino acids are attached through peptide bonds to form a protein, which then folds into its tertiary structure.
Brock flipbook
The document summarizes the process of protein synthesis. DNA in the nucleus is transcribed into mRNA by RNA polymerase. The mRNA then exits the nucleus and binds to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome reads the mRNA and uses transfer RNA molecules to add amino acids to form a protein chain. The protein folds into its final shape.
Jimmy Carrier Protein Synthesis
The document discusses protein synthesis in cells. It explains that RNA polymerase in the cell nucleus reads DNA and synthesizes mRNA. The mRNA then exits the nucleus through nuclear pores and binds to ribosomes. At the ribosomes, tRNA matches codons on the mRNA and releases amino acids, forming peptide bonds between amino acids to create a polypeptide chain. When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, the polypeptide releases and folds into its tertiary structure to become a functional protein.
Protein synthesisDevonDubensky
The process of transcription begins in the cell nucleus, where RNA polymerase breaks apart DNA and uses it as a template to create mRNA strands. During this process, thymine is replaced with uracil to form RNA. The mRNA strand then exits the nucleus through a nuclear pore. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, where the mRNA is read by ribosomes in groups of three codons. Transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome based on codon-anticodon base pairing. As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, the growing polypeptide chain is released once a stop codon is reached.
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Mediterranean
- 3. Its 22,500 endemic vascular plant species are more than four times the number found in all the rest of Europe; the hotspot also supports many endemic reptile species
- 4. 500 bird species. 25 of them are endemic 220 mammal species. 25 of them are also endemic 225 reptile species. 80 of which are endemic 80 amphibian species. 30 are endemic 220 species of fish. 60 are endemic
- 5. Human settlements have existed in the area for well over 8,000 years It suffered massive deforestation, intensive grazing, fires, and infrastructure development 300 million people live in the Mediterranean Basin. Rapid population growth has a negative effect on the biodiversity in this area