This document provides an overview of key concepts in medical informatics including basics of browsers, databases, homepages, HTML, HTTP, search engines, subject directories, the deep/invisible web, internet directories, internet servers, meta search engines, netiquette, keywords, stop words, blogs, wikis, decoding URLs, strategies for searching like SKILL (Summarize, Keywords, Identify, Link, Locate), Boolean operators, phrase searching, truncation, nesting, thesauri, snowballing, citing sources like books, magazines, journals, websites, and evaluating websites based on authority, accuracy, currency, objectivity and coverage.
AEA 2014 conference presentation on supercharging your search. Topics cover include: tips for searching using Google, alternate search engines, finding full-text journal articles, finding free high quality images, free or low-cost research databases. using citation managers
Introduction into Search Engines and Information RetrievalA. LE
Gives a brief introduction into search engines and information retrieval. Covers basics about Google and Yahoo, fundamental terms in the area of information retrieval and an introduction into the famous page rank algorithm
Teachers' Meeting - UV ESL Center January 2017UV ESL Center
On every 4th Friday of the month, teachers' meeting will be held in the afternoon.
This January, on Jan 27th, before the meeting at 4pm, all teachers had training time with head teachers in order to improve teachers' teaching skills and behavior. After that, we had short time to introduce new 4 teachers.
And finally, snack time which was joined by all employees of UV ESL.
AEA 2014 conference presentation on supercharging your search. Topics cover include: tips for searching using Google, alternate search engines, finding full-text journal articles, finding free high quality images, free or low-cost research databases. using citation managers
Introduction into Search Engines and Information RetrievalA. LE
Gives a brief introduction into search engines and information retrieval. Covers basics about Google and Yahoo, fundamental terms in the area of information retrieval and an introduction into the famous page rank algorithm
Teachers' Meeting - UV ESL Center January 2017UV ESL Center
On every 4th Friday of the month, teachers' meeting will be held in the afternoon.
This January, on Jan 27th, before the meeting at 4pm, all teachers had training time with head teachers in order to improve teachers' teaching skills and behavior. After that, we had short time to introduce new 4 teachers.
And finally, snack time which was joined by all employees of UV ESL.
Should libraries discontinue using and maintaining controlled subject vocabul...Ryan Scicluna
An assignment discussing the use of Controlled Vocabulary against the ides of social tagging in metadata (Folksonomy). This assignment was part of the requirements for the class: Classification and Subject Indexing for the Diploma in Library in Information Science.
10/24/2021 Print
https://content.uagc.edu/print/Winckelman.6528.21.1?sections=ch03sec3.3&content=all&clientToken=0cdc1941-6d5f-39e4-901b-cda3ccd63694&np=ch03sec3.3 1/18
3.3 How Do I Find Information?
Your Road Map to Success: Section 3.3
Learning Outcome 3.3: Explain how to search for information in a digital university library and on the
Internet and determine what type of search is required based on an information need.
Why is this important?
Mastering this outcome will help strengthen your researching skills and ability to locate information both
on the Internet and in a digital university library. For example, Jamar’s first visit to the digital library was
frustrating. He couldn’t find anything related to the specific topic he wanted to research. After consulting
a librarian and learning more about searching, he realized he had been using the wrong databases. His
second visit was much more fruitful; he found all he needed in just a few minutes!
How does this relate to your success in this course?
Mastering this learning outcome will help you locate the information you need to do your assignments
quickly and efficiently so that you can balance the needs of school, work, family, and other commitments.
It will also give you the tools to find the answers you need—whether you are researching a school
assignment or seeking advice for yourself or your family.
All libraries have a system for organizing and accessing their collection that is specific to the resources they
carry and the communities they serve. Most public and academic libraries use electronic catalogs that allow users
to search their collections online. An online catalog is a digital record that contains all of the physical items
located within a library. It may also contain a record of the ebooks and journals a library carries, though typically
not its databases. These catalogs are searchable by title, author, subject, keyword, and more. Libraries have also
shared their catalogs, making them available online through WorldCat (https://www.worldcat.org/default.jsp
(https://www.worldcat.org/default.jsp) ). This worldwide catalog lists library items available based on your location
and contains bibliographic information on the holdings of over 10,000 libraries worldwide.
A purely digital library does not have a physical collection and therefore does not use a catalog. Instead, it uses
several databases. A database is a digital collection of stored information that has been organized, often by
several criteria, such as author, title, and subject. Databases include abstracts, full-text documents, images,
statistics, and more. Some databases contain general information on a variety of topics, and others contain
information only within a specific discipline or field. Think of a database like a virtual library shelf. It contains
many of the same resources you would find on a shelf in a physical library but in a digital form.
The Internet is another system that has also significa ...
10/24/2021 Print
https://content.uagc.edu/print/Winckelman.6528.21.1?sections=ch03sec3.3&content=all&clientToken=0cdc1941-6d5f-39e4-901b-cda3ccd63694&np=ch03sec3.3 1/18
3.3 How Do I Find Information?
Your Road Map to Success: Section 3.3
Learning Outcome 3.3: Explain how to search for information in a digital university library and on the
Internet and determine what type of search is required based on an information need.
Why is this important?
Mastering this outcome will help strengthen your researching skills and ability to locate information both
on the Internet and in a digital university library. For example, Jamar’s first visit to the digital library was
frustrating. He couldn’t find anything related to the specific topic he wanted to research. After consulting
a librarian and learning more about searching, he realized he had been using the wrong databases. His
second visit was much more fruitful; he found all he needed in just a few minutes!
How does this relate to your success in this course?
Mastering this learning outcome will help you locate the information you need to do your assignments
quickly and efficiently so that you can balance the needs of school, work, family, and other commitments.
It will also give you the tools to find the answers you need—whether you are researching a school
assignment or seeking advice for yourself or your family.
All libraries have a system for organizing and accessing their collection that is specific to the resources they
carry and the communities they serve. Most public and academic libraries use electronic catalogs that allow users
to search their collections online. An online catalog is a digital record that contains all of the physical items
located within a library. It may also contain a record of the ebooks and journals a library carries, though typically
not its databases. These catalogs are searchable by title, author, subject, keyword, and more. Libraries have also
shared their catalogs, making them available online through WorldCat (https://www.worldcat.org/default.jsp
(https://www.worldcat.org/default.jsp) ). This worldwide catalog lists library items available based on your location
and contains bibliographic information on the holdings of over 10,000 libraries worldwide.
A purely digital library does not have a physical collection and therefore does not use a catalog. Instead, it uses
several databases. A database is a digital collection of stored information that has been organized, often by
several criteria, such as author, title, and subject. Databases include abstracts, full-text documents, images,
statistics, and more. Some databases contain general information on a variety of topics, and others contain
information only within a specific discipline or field. Think of a database like a virtual library shelf. It contains
many of the same resources you would find on a shelf in a physical library but in a digital form.
The Internet is another system that has also significa ...
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
3. Browser Also known as Internet or Web browser. Software that allows
users to access and navigate the Internet.
Database A collection of information that is organized and stored so it
can be search easily.
Homepage The first document World Wide Web users see when
connecting to a Web server
It usually provides a table of contents or index to the
contents of the item.
HTML (Hypertext
Markup Language)
The standard language used for creating documents on the
World Wide Web.
HTTP (Hypertext
Transmission
Protocol)
The standard language that World Wide Web clients and
servers use to communicate.
4. search engine software system that is designed to search for information
on the World Wide Web. Has three components:
Spider: Program that traverses the Web from link to link, identifying
and reading pages
Index: Database containing a copy of each Web page or other file
gathered by the spider
Search and retrieval mechanism: Technology that enables you to
search the index and that returns results in a relevancy-ranked order
Subject
Directories
A collection of links to Internet resources organized in subject
categories.(Dmoz, Infomine)
Subject Directories are the web organized by human beings.
Deep /
Invisible Web
part of the Web that cannot be crawled or indexed by
traditional search engines
Store their content in searchable databases that only produce
results dynamically in response to a direct request.
Largest Deep Web contain data of about 40 times the size of
the known surface Web.
5. Internet Directory Listing of sites by categories and sub categories based on
site listings selected by the directory's team of editors.
Yahoo! Is the most popular Net directory.
Internet Server A computer that stores data that can be accessed via the
Internet. Each server has its own unique domain name and
IP address.
Meta Search Engine Meta Search Engines search multiple search
engines for you (such as Google, Bing, Yahoo, etc)
and display the results for you on one page.
Meta engines speed and simplify searches.(Dogpile- Clusty)
Netiquette The rules of conduct for Internet users. Violating netiquette
could result in flaming for removal from a mailing list or
Usenet newsgroup. Some service providers will even cancel a
user's Internet account, denying access of the Net, if the
violation is severe.
6. keyword a significant term that identify the information described in an online
search tool.
Stop words words that many search engines DON'T stop for when searching texts and
titles on the web. Engines routinely ignore stop words, i.e., small and
common words, such as parts of speech (adverbs, conjunctions,
prepositions, or forms of "to be").
Blog A blog is a publicly available Web site that serves as a personal journal
as an information tool for an organization.
Entries or messages are displayed in reverse chronological order and
the site is usually updated daily.
Wiki a multi-authored or collaborative Web site that permits users to create
additional content for the site and to edit existing content.
The term wiki is derived from the Hawaiian "wiki wiki", which means
quick.
10. SKILL
Summarize your topic in one or two
sentences
Keywords and phrases highlighted
Identify synonyms, alternate terms
Link keywords and terms
Locate your information
14. Using AND
Use AND in a search to:
narrow your results
tell the database that ALL search terms
must be present in the resulting records
Example: cloning AND humans AND
ethics
15. Using OR
Use OR in a search to:
connect two or more similar concepts
(synonyms)
broaden your results, telling the database
that ANY of your search terms can be
present in the resulting records
Example: cloning OR genetics OR
reproduction
16. Using NOT
Use NOT in a search to:
exclude words from your search
narrow your search, telling the database
to ignore concepts that may be implied by
your search terms
Example: cloning NOT sheep
18. A phrase search is one of the most efficient
and effective ways to narrow down results.
Enclose a phrase or words in double
quotations (" ") when exact word order is
required.
"Mexican American"
20. Truncation is searching by the root of a
word. Truncation finds variations of the
ending of a word (plurals, different
spellings, multiple suffixes).
The * asterisk is a common truncation
symbol to place at the ending.
Example:
comput* = compute, computer,
computers, computerization
22. Nesting is a method of combining Boolean
operators in a logical order.
When using Boolean Operators in
combination, however, it is important to
"nest" them.
Nesting means putting operators in
parentheses in order to tell the library
catalog, database, or Internet search
engine how it should search for your
terms.
23. Examples of Nesting:
( treatment or outcomes ) AND ( anorexia
not bulimia )
this search finds the treatment or outcomes
for anorexia but not for bulimia
25. Many bibliographic databases use what is
known as a “controlled vocabulary‟ to index
articles.
Each common medical concept is given a
single subject heading which covers all the
words and phrases used to describe that
concept
For example, ―Cerebral vascular accident‖ is a
subject heading which covers all the words and
phrases used for the concept of ―stroke‖.
26. Using a thesaurus also helps overcome
problems of inconsistent terminology
and alternative terms or spellings.
If you type in the word “paediatric‟ as a
keyword in a search you should also carry out
a search for “pediatric‟ as well, as
databases can use both spellings.
Using the thesaurus will label articles with
either spelling under one subject heading
– so you would only need then to do one
search.
27. Each database uses a different list of
subject headings i.e. the BNI thesaurus
will have different subject headings to the
Medline thesaurus.
For this reason, you can only use a
thesaurus if you are searching in one
database only in Advanced Search.
28. Subject headings are normally arranged in
a hierarchy or tree structure, where
broad subjects are subdivided into more
specific topics.
30. Snowball method
If you wish to obtain detailed information
about a subject or find lots of information, you
can use the snowball method.
With this method you start your search with a
key document. This could be a well-known work
or a highly-praised article. A key document
contains citations or references to other
sources about the same subject. This leads to
other documents that, in turn, include references
32. Citation Format for Books - single
author
Title: Knossos Mythology-History Guide to
the Archaeological Site
Author: Antonis Vassilakis
Publisher: Adam Editions
City Published: Athens
Editor: Costas Adam
Date Published: 2002
33. a) Antonis Vassilakis. Knossos Mythology-
History Guide to the Archaeological Site.
Athens: Adam Editions, 2002. Print.
b) Adam, Costas. "Knossos Mythology-
History Guide to the Archaeological Site".
Athens: Adam Editions, 2002. Print.
c) Vassilakis, Antonis. Knossos Mythology-
History Guide to the Archaeological Site.
Athens: Adam Editions, 2002. Print.
34. Citation Format for a Book with
Multiple Authors
Title: Aegean Art and Architecture
Author: Donald Preziosi, Louise A.
Hitchcock
Publisher: Oxford University Press
City Published: Oxford
Editor: Costas Adam
Date Published: 1999
35. a) Preziosi, Donald, Hitchcock, Louise.
Aegean Art and Architecture. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1999. Print.
b) Preziosi, Donald and Louise A.Hitchcock.
Aegean Art and Architecture. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1999. Print.
c) Preziosi, Donald and Louise A.Hitchcock.
Aegean Art and Architecture. Oxford
University Press,1999: Oxford. Print.
36. Book with an Editors Rather Than
an Author
Title: Atlas of Classical Archaeology
Author: --
Publisher: McGraw-Hill
City Published: New York
Editor: M. I Finley
Date Publisher: 1977
37. a) Finley, M. I., ed. Atlas of Classical
Archaeology . New York: McGraw-Hill,
1977. Print.
b) Unknown, Atlas of Classical
Archaeology, ed. M.I. Finley, ed. New
York: McGraw-Hill, 1977. Print.
c) Atlas of Classical Archaeology , M.
I.Finley, ed. New York : McGraw-Hill,
1977. Print.
38. Magazine Article
Title: Palo Alto Idea House
Author: Ann Bertelsen and Daniel Gregory
Magazine name: Sunset
City Published: --
Volume: --
Date Published: September 2002
URL: www.sunset.com
39. a) Bertelsen, Ann "Palo Alto Idea House."
Sept 2002: 107. Print.
b) Bertelsen, Ann and Gregory,
Daniel."Palo Alto Idea House." Sunset ,
Sept 2002: 107. Print.
c) Bertelsen, Ann and Daniel Gregory.
Sunset "Palo Alto Idea House." Sept 2002:
107. Print.
40. Journal Article
Title: Defying death after DNA damage
Author: Tina Rich, Rachel L. Allen & Andrew
H. Wyllie
Associated Institution: Dept. of Pathology,
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
Publisher: Nature
City Published: --
Volume: Vol. 407
Date Published: 12 October 2000
URL: www.nature.com
41. a) Rich, Tina, Rachel L. Allen and Andrew H.
Wyllie."Defying death after DNA damage."
Nature (12 Oct. 2000): Vol. 407, 777-783.
Print.
b) Rich, Tina, Rachel L. Allen and Andrew H.
Wyllie.; Nature 407 "Defying death after DNA
damage." (2000): 777-783. Print.
c) Rich, Tina, Allen Rachel L. and Wyllie
Andrew H. "Defying death after DNA
damage." Nature 407 (2000): 777-783. Print.
42. A Wiki
Title: Amaranth
Author:
Web site Name: Wikipedia: the free
encyclopedia
Associated Institution: Wikimedia Foundation
City Published: —
Date Last Modified: September 11, 2008
Year Visited:September 12, 2010
URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranth
43. a) "Amaranth." Wikipedia, The Free
Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.11
Sept 2008. Web.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranth > 12
Sept 2010. <
b) Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.
Wikimedia Foundation. 11 Sept 2008. Web.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranth > 12
Sept 2010.
c) None, "Amaranth." Wikipedia, The Free
Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation. 11 Sept
2008. Web.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranth > 12
Sept 2010.
44. Academic Site
Title: Introduction to Information Research
Author: Eric Brenner
Associated Institution: San Mateo Community
College District
Location: Skyline, CA
Date Last Modified: 2009
Date Visited: May 2010
URL:
http://www.smccd.net/accounts/skylib/l100/
45. a) Brenner, Eric. "Introduction to Information
Research." 2009. San Mateo Community College
District,
<http://www.smccd.edu/accounts/skylib/l100/>
May 2010. Web.
b) Brenner, Eric. "Introduction to Information
Research." Skyline, CA, 2009. Web.
<http://www.smccd.edu/accounts/skylib/l100/>
May 2010.
c) Brenner, Eric. "Introduction to Information
Research." San Mateo Community College District,
2009. Web.
<http://www.smccd.edu/accounts/skylib/l100/>
May 2010.
47. Example
AMA: helping doctors help patients
[homepage on the Internet]. Chicago:
American Medical Association; c1995-
2007 [cited 2007 Feb 22]. Available from:
http://www.ama-assn.org/.
64. Authority
Author of site: Is there an author named on
the page? Is the author qualified?
Sponsor of site :-- Is there a sponsor? Is
the sponsor qualified? (i.e. Is there an "about
us" or "our mission" link?)
Link or contact Information: -- Is the
author or sponsor's name, e-mail, postal
address listed?
Answer : No. The page appears to be a joke.
The author belongs to a factious university.
Look at the bottom of the page to discover
the true author.
65. Accuracy
Factual -- Does the author give factual information?
Documented / well-researched -- Does the author
cite his/her sources? Is the research methodology
explained?
Subject to verification -- Can the information be
verified by additional resources in print on on the Web?
Corroborated -- Are links and resource citations
included (possibly using MLA citation format.)
Collaborative -- Is a committee or editor named who
reviews the content or verifies facts
Answer: No. This information is not corroborated
(backed up) by data in the mainstream medical
community.
66. Currency
Date-stamped -- Is there a "last updated"
notation or evidence of recent changes?
Seemingly current -- Does the information
seem current to you? Do news events,
conference events or any bits information
lead you to believe the page has been
updated recently?
Linked currently -- Are the links still
working? Do pages turn up with "this site has
moved" or "page not found―
Answer: The page is current. However, no
links are included.
67. Objectivity
Bias -- Does the page/site show minimal signs
of bias: political, ideological, personal, or
cultural?
Intent -- Does the page present factual
information or is it designed to sway opinion?
Influence -- Is the site is sponsored or
underwritten by advertising, is the writing free
of bias supporting the sponsor?
Answer: No. The page content is opinion and
imagination.
68. Coverage
Relevant -- Do the topics covered include your
topic? Does the page cover a variety of (too
many) topics or is it focused on one relevant
topic?
Adequate -- Does the page information
adequately cover your topic: is it too general or
too detailed?
Audience appropriate -- Is the content
intended for children, scholars, general public?
Was the page written to inform, educate,
entertain (parody).
Answer: No. The page does not cover this topic.
It is a spoof intended to teach the importance of
critical thinking when evaluating a web page.
69.
70.
71. Authority
Author of site Is there an author named on
the page? Is the author qualified?
Sponsor of site -- Is there a sponsor? Is the
sponsor qualified? (i.e. Is there an "about us"
or "our mission" link?)
Link or contact Information -- Is the
author or sponsor's name, e-mail, postal
address listed?
Answer: Yes. The author is not named;
however, UNICEF is a well-known
international, collaborative organization.
72. Accuracy
Factual -- Does the author give factual
information?
Documented / well-researched -- Does the
author cite his/her sources? Is the research
methodology explained?
Subject to verification -- Can the information be
verified by additional resources in print on on the
Web?
Corroborated -- Are links and resource citations
included (possibly using MLA citation format.)
Collaborative -- Is a committee or editor named
who reviews the content or verifies facts
Answer: Yes. This information is backed up by
data (statistics link) and other resources links.
73. Currency
Date-stamped -- Is there a "last updated"
notation or evidence of recent changes?
Seemingly current -- Does the information
seem current to you? Do news events,
conference events or any bits information lead
you to believe the page has been updated
recently?
Linked currently -- Are the links still
working? Do pages turn up with "this site has
moved" or "page not found―
Answer: Yes The page is current.
74. Objectivity
Bias -- Does the page/site show minimal
signs of bias: political, ideological, personal,
or cultural?
Intent -- Does the page present factual
information or is it designed to sway opinion?
Influence -- Is the site is sponsored or
underwritten by advertising, is the writing
free of bias supporting the sponsor?
Answer: Yes. The site appears to be
objective. It is free of advertising. It is funded
by public donations.
75. Coverage
Relevant -- Do the topics covered include
your topic? Does the page cover a variety of
(too many) topics or is it focused on one
relevant topic?
Adequate -- Does the page information
adequately cover your topic: is it too general
or too detailed?
Audience appropriate -- Is the content
intended for children, scholars, general public?
Was the page written to inform, educate,
entertain (parody).
Answer: Yes. The site gives a wealth of
factual information on this topic.
76.
77.
78.
79. Authority
Author of site Is there an author named on the
page? Is the author qualified?
Sponsor of site -- Is there a sponsor? Is the
sponsor qualified? (i.e. Is there an "about us" or
"our mission" link?)
Link or contact Information -- Is the author
or sponsor's name, e-mail, postal address
listed?
Answer: Uncertain. The author is not listed on
the page. Of the BOARD OF DIRECTORS,few
have PhDs in Medicine. The HOME link reveals
"The Group" members. The authority of the
information is in question. Links to other sites
show support for the viewpoint.
80. Accuracy
Factual -- Does the author give factual
information?
Documented / well-researched -- Does the
author cite his/her sources? Is the research
methodology explained?
Subject to verification -- Can the information
be verified by additional resources in print on on
the Web?
Corroborated -- Are links and resource citations
included (possibly using MLA citation format.)
Collaborative -- Is a committee or editor
named who reviews the content or verifies facts
Answer: No. This page is not backed up by
scientific data or clinical trials.
81. Currency
Date-stamped -- Is there a "last updated"
notation or evidence of recent changes?
Seemingly current -- Does the information
seem current to you? Do news events,
conference events or any bits information
lead you to believe the page has been
updated recently?
Linked currently -- Are the links still
working? Do pages turn up with "this site has
moved" or "page not found―
Answer: Yes The page is current. All links
lead to similarly-minded links. All videos
support the "myth" point of view.
82. Coverage
Relevant -- Do the topics covered include
your topic? Does the page cover a variety of
(too many) topics or is it focused on one
relevant topic?
Adequate -- Does the page information
adequately cover your topic: is it too general
or too detailed?
Audience appropriate -- Is the content
intended for children, scholars, general
public? Was the page written to inform,
educate, entertain (parody).
Answer: No. The site does not give factual
information on this topic.
84. Definition
Health On the Net Foundation is a not-for-
profit organization founded in 1995 under
the resposibility of the Geneva Ministry of
Health and based in Geneva, Switzerland.
85. HON was founded to encourage the
dissemination of quality health information
for patients and professionals and the
general public.
Facilitate access to the latest and most
relevant medical data through the use of
the internet.
86. The HONcode certification is an ethical
standard aimed at offering quality health
information.
It demonstrates the intent of a website
to publish transparent information.
89. Transparency and Honesty
• Transparency of provider of site: (name,
address ,electronic address of the person or
organization responsible for the site)
• Transparency of purpose and objective
of the site Target audience clearly defined
• Transparency of all sources of funding
for site (grants, sponsors, advertisers, non-
profit, voluntary assistance).
90. Privacy and data protection
• Privacy and data protection policy
and system for the processing of
personal data, including processing
invisible to users, to be clearly defined in
accordance with community Data
Protection legislation
91. Updating of information
• Clear and regular updating of the site,
with date of up-date clearly displayed for
each page
92. Accountability
• user feedback
• Responsible partnering -linking to
other websites is undertaken only with
trustworthy individuals and organizations
• Editorial policy -clear statement
describing what procedure was used for
selection of content.
93. Accessibility
• Attention to guidelines on physical
accessibility as well as general findability,
searchability, readability, usability, etc.
95. 1. Which one of the following is NOT an
example of an extension in a URL?
(A) .gov
(B).edu
(C) .npr
(D) .com
96. 2. You can optimize your search
results on the Web by
(A) using several different search engines.
(B) sticking to your topic and resisting
distractions.
(C) becoming familiar with and using
reliable Web resources such asNational
Geographic, LA Times, and the Library of
Congress.
(D)all of the above
97. 3. Which of the following is the best
indicator that a Web site is reliable?
(A) The author of the site tells you the
information is reliable.
(B) The author of the site provides contact
information and his or her credentials.
(C) The author links to his or her favorite
Web sites.
(D) The author states in bold letters that the
site was proofread by a librarian.
98. 4. What does this URL tell you about
the source? http://vos.ucsb.edu
(A) It is associated with an educational
institution.
(B) It is an English teacher’s personal
home page.
(C) It is an article from a magazine.
(D)It is from a directory.
99. 5. Which of the following is an
example of a Boolean search?
(A) Shakespeare sonnets
(B) Shakespeare AND sonnets
(C) "Shakespeare" with "SONNETS―
(D) Shakespeare (sonnets)
100. 6. Which of the following statements
about search engines and directories is
true?
(A)A search engine does not discriminate
between good and bad sites.
(B)A search engine displays all Web pages
that contain your keywords and may list
thousands of unordered results.
(C)A directory is someone’s attempt to
categorize the best sites available for a given
subject or topic.
(D) all of the above
101. 7. Which of the following statements
about meta-search engines is NOT true?
(A) Meta-search engines scan multiple search
engines simultaneously.
(B) Meta-search engines are a waste of time
because they provide very few results.
(C) Meta-search engines provide results
based on the keyword(s) submitted.
(D) Meta-search engines can save time, but
you shouldn't rely on them exclusively.
102. 8. Critically evaluating content on the
Web is important because
(A) Web authors are always less professional.
(B)Web authors are always biased.
(C)anyone can publish on the Web. There’s
no guarantee that what you’re reading is
objective and has gone through standard
fact-checking and editorial reviews.
(D) printed information is always more
accurate than information found on the Web.
103. 9. Which of the following is an example of
effective online searching?
(A) Do a random keyword search on a search
engine of your choice. Then, quickly browse
through all the results listed and find the ones
you think have the most useful information.
(B) Formulate research questions, list possible
sources of information, identify keywords, and
begin your search.
(C) Visit chat rooms and find out what others are
saying about your topic.
(D) Post a question about your topic on a
message board and read all the responses.
104. 10. Which of the following citations is
composed according to the MLA-citation manual
and guide for an article in an online magazine?
(A) Doe, Jane. "Fundamentals of Guitar." Guitar
Virtuoso 2000. 2 Feb. 2001.
http://www.guitarvirtuoso.com
(B) "Fundamentals of Guitar," by Jane Doe.
http://www.guitarvirtuoso.com, Guitar Virtuoso,
2000.
(C)Doe, Jane. Fundamentals of Guitar. Guitar
Virtuoso, 2000. guitarvirtuoso.com
(D) "http://www.guitarvirtuoso.com" Guitar
Virtuoso. "The Fundamentals of Guitar." 2000. (2 Feb.
2001).