This document defines and describes various camera shots and techniques used in filmmaking. It explains establishing shots which set the scene, master shots which capture entire scenes, and close-ups which focus on emotions. It also covers mid shots, long shots, wide shots, two shots, aerial shots, point of view shots, over the shoulder shots, high angle shots, canted angle shots, low angle shots, pans, tilts, tracks, dollies, cranes, steadicams, handheld shots, zooms, and reverse zooms.

2. Establishing shot
An establishing shot is usually the first shot of a
new scene, designed to show the audience where
the action is taking place. It is usually a very wide
shot or extreme wide shot.

3. Master shot
A master shot records the entire action, a complete
run-through from that same camera position.

4. Close-up
In close-up shots, the subject occupies most of the
frame, allowing very little observation on the
environment. Close-ups are much more dramatic
than long or medium shots. They are preferred
when emphasizing someone’s emotion.

5. Mid Shot
Medium shots are the most common types of shots
in the movies. Showing most of the subject’s body,
medium shots are halfway between long shots and
close-ups; however, author medium shots disagree
on the definition.

6. Long Shot
Long shots are used to emphasize the scenery or
the location around the subject.. A long shot of a
family eating long shot at the dinner table would,
perhaps, be recorded from the living room.

7. Wide Shot
A wide shot comprises of sweeping land or
cityscapes

8. Two Shot
There are a few variations on this one, but the
basic idea is to have a comfortable shot of two
people. Often used in interviews, or when two
presenters are hosting a show.

9. Aerial Shot
An aerial shot is typically made from a helicopter
or created with miniatures (today, digitally),
showing a location from high overhead.

10. Point of view
Point of view (POV) is a variation of eye-line
match. The two are similar, in that a character
looks off screen and we see where he or she is
looking. With POV, however, the audience is, in
effect, looking through the character's eye.

11. Over the shoulder shot
This shot is framed from behind a person who is
looking at the subject. The person facing the
subject should usually occupy about 1/3 of the
frame.

12. High angle
The camera is elevated above the action using a
crane to give a general overview. High angles
make the object photographed seem smaller, and
less significant (or scary). The object or character
often gets swallowed up by their setting - they
become part of a wider picture.

13. Canted angle
Sometimes the camera is tilted (ie is not placed
horizontal to floor level), to suggest imbalance,
transition and instability (very popular in horror
movies). This technique is used to suggest
POINT-OF-View shots (ie when the camera
becomes the 'eyes' of one particular character,
seeing what they see — a hand held camera is
often used for this.

14. Low angle
Low angles help give a sense of confusion to a
viewer, of powerlessness within the action of a
scene. The background of a low angle shot will
tend to be just sky or ceiling, the lack of detail
about the setting adding to the disorientation of
the viewer.

15. Pan
A movement which scans a scene horizontally. The
camera is placed on a tripod, which operates as a
stationary axis point as the camera is turned, often
to follow a moving object which is kept in the
middle of the frame.
Tilt
A movement which scans a scene vertically,
otherwise similar to a pan.
Track
The term tracking shot is widely considered to be
synonymous with dolly shot; that is, a shot in which
the camera is mounted on a cart which travels along
tracks

16. Dolly
The camera is placed on a moving vehicle and moves alongside
the action, generally following a moving figure or object.
Crane
A crane (or jib), is a large, heavy piece of equipment, but is a
useful way of moving a camera - it can move up, down, left,
right, swooping in on action or moving diagonally out of it.
Steadicam
Has the freedom of a handheld shot but its stabilisation device
smooth's out the bumpiness of the handheld shot.

17. Handheld
The camera is literally held by the camera operator.
So often the shots are bumpy/jerky.
Zoom
A single shot which moves towards a particular
subject
Reverse zoom
A single shot which moves away from a particular
subject.

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