Measles is a communicable disease caused by a paramyxovirus that is transmitted through droplets or droplet nuclei from the respiratory tract or conjunctiva. It has an incubation period of 8 to 12 days and presents with a prodromal phase of fever, cough, and Koplik spots followed by a maculopapular rash starting on the 4th day. Diagnosis is made through history, physical examination, and haemagglutination testing. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive, focusing on hydration, nutrition, fever management, and nursing care like isolation and skin/eye care. Vaccination with live attenuated vaccine at 9 months is effective for prevention. Complications can include pneumonia, otitis media, and diarr
2. DEFINITION
• IT IS A COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
MANIFESTING WITH FEVER ,COUGH,
AND KOPLICK SPOT IN THE PRE
ERUPTIVE PHASE AND A MACULO
PAPULAR RASHES STARTING ON 4TH
DAY OF ILLNESS
6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• ENTRY OF MEASLES VIRUS
• INVASION OF RESPIRATPORY EPITHELIUM
• LOCAL MULTIPLICATION
• VIREMIA
• SPREAD TO RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM
• NECROSIS OF RETICULO ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM
• SECONDARY VIREMIA
• LESION OF EPIDERMIS AND ORAL EPITHELIUM
9. PRODROMAL PHASE
• ACUTE WITH MODERATE ELEVATION OF
TEMPERATURE
• DRY COUGH
• RUNNING NOSE
• REDNESS OF EYES
• PHOTO PHOBIA
• KOPLIK SPOTS APPEAR INNER SIDE OF
CHEEK,OPPOSITE TO SECOND MOLAR
• SNEEZING
10. KOPLICK SPOT
• IT IS A SINGLE OR MULTIPLE AND
APPEAR AS GREYISH OR BLUISH
WHITE GRAINS OF SAND
SURROUNDED BY REDDISH AREOLA
11. ERUPTIVE PHASE
• APPEARANCE OF RASH
• EARLY RASH ERYTHEMATOUS AND BLANCHES ON
PRESSURERASH APPEARS BEHIND THE EARS
NEAR THE HAIR LINE ON THE
FOREHEAD,FACE,NECK AND SPREAD TO TRUNK
AND PALMS
