The document defines environment and its key components. It states that environment is the sum of living and non-living things that surround something. It then describes the four main segments of the environment: the atmosphere, which is a protective blanket of gases that sustains life; the hydrosphere, which includes all water resources with most being in the oceans; the lithosphere, which is the outer mantle of solid earth containing minerals and soils; and the biosphere, which is the realm of living organisms and their interactions with the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere.

1. What is meant by Environment?
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2. Atmosphere
The atmosphere implies the protective blanket of gases
surrounding the earth.
It saves it from the hostile environment of outer space.
It sustains life on the Earth.
It absorbs most of the cosmic rays from outer space a a major
portion of electromagnetic radiation from the sun.
It transmits only ultraviolet, visible, near infrared radiation and
radio waves while filtering out tissue damaging ultraviolet
raysbelow 300 nm. The atmosphere is composed of nitrogen and
oxygen. Besides, argon,carbon dioxide and trace gases.

3. • Environment is the sum
total of what is around
something or someone.
• It includes living things
and natural forces.
• There is a constant
interaction among
plants, animals, soil,
water, temperature,
light and other living
and non-living things.
Earth’s Atmosphere

4. Scope of environment consists of four segments as under:
Atmosphere:
The atmosphere implies the protective blanket of gases, surrounding
the earth:
• It sustains life on the earth.
• It saves it from the hostile environment of outer space.
• It absorbs most of the cosmic rays from outer space and a major
portion of the electromagnetic radiation from the sun.
• It transmits only ultraviolet, visible, near infrared radiation (300 to
2500mm) and radio waves. (0.14 to 40m) while filtering out tissue-
damaging ultraviolet waves below 300 nm. The atmosphere is
composed of nitrogen and oxygen. Besides, argon, carbon dioxide, and
trace gases.

5. Hydrosphere:
The Hydrosphere comprises of all types of water
resources oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, streams, reservoir,
polar icecaps, glaciers, and ground water.
• Nature 97% of the earth’s water supply is in the
oceans,
• About 2% of the water resources are locked in the
polar icecaps and glaciers.
• Only about 1% is available as fresh surface water-
rivers, lakes streams, and ground water fit to be used for
human consumption and other uses.

6. Lithosphere:
Lithosphere is the outer mantle of the solid earth. It
consists of minerals occurring in the earth’s crust
and the soil e.g. minerals, organic matter, air
and water.
Biosphere:
Biosphere indicates the realm of living organisms
and their interactions with environment, viz
atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere..

7. Hydrosphere
The hydrosphere comprises of all type of water resources oceans,
seas, lakes, streams, reservoir, polar, icecaps, glaciers and
groundwater.
Nature 97% of the earth’s water supply is in the oceans.
About 2% of the water resources are locked in the polar icecaps and
glaciers.
Only about 1% is available as fresh surface water- rivers, lakes,
streams, and ground water fit to be used for human consumption
and other uses.
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