The document defines key components of the environment. It states that the environment is the sum of all biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors that surround and potentially influence an organism. It describes the major biotic components as plants, animals, humans, fungi and bacteria. The major abiotic components are defined as water, light, air, soil, and nutrients. The document then goes on to describe the four major spheres that make up the environment - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere.

1. BY
SOMYA SHUKLA

2.  The world environment means ‘surroundings’.
The term Environment is derived from French
terms ‘inviron’ meaning to encircle and
represents the interaction between natural
surroundings and organisms.
 Life could originate and flourish on earth only
because this planet provides us all necessary
conditions for life.
 Thus, Environment is simply defined as the sum
of all biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living)
factors that surrounds and potentially influence
an organism. The different components of the
environment are interlinked and interdependent.

3. Biotic (Living)
 Biotic components
are living things
which includes
plants, animals,
humans as well as
fungi and bacteria.
Abiotic (Non-living)
 Abiotic
components are
non-living physical
and chemical
factors which
includes water,
light, air, soil, and
nutrients.

4.  Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Biosphere

5.  The term atmosphere is originate from two
greek words ‘atoms’ means vapor and
‘sphaira’ means ball or sphere.
 Atmosphere is made up of a mixture of gases
which envelops the earth. These gases
includes nitrogen, oxygen, argon and carbon
dioxide.
 Atmosphere is protective layer which
protect us from cosmic radiations, and it also
provide us oxygen for breath, macronutrient
nitrogen and carbon dioxide for plants for
photosynthesis.

6. Nitrogen ,
78.1
Oxygen, 20.9
Argon, 0.9 Carbon
dioxide, 0.03

7.  The atmosphere is divided into a series of
atmospheric layers due to variations in
temperature and pressure at various
altitudes. These layers are:
 Troposphere
 Stratosphere
 Mesosphere
 Thermosphere
 Exosphere

8.  It includes all water sources such as oceans,
seas, rivers, glaciers, all other inland water
bodies. 70% of the earth is covered with
water.
 Hydrosphere includes water on the surface,
underground and in the air. It is present in
the form of liquid, vapor, and ice.
 97.5% of water is found in oceans and only
2.5% is freshwater and most of this locked
up in glaciers, polar ice caps and rest is in
lakes, rivers, and ground water.

9.  Lithosphere comprises solid components of
the earth crust i.e., rocks, soil and minerals.
 It consist crust and upper mantle.
nationalgeographic.org

10.  The biosphere is the layer of the earth where
life exists. It includes all living and non living
factors. Thus, biosphere is the combination
of all the ecosystem.
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