This document discusses techniques for maximizing the use of chalkboards and overhead projectors in educational settings. It provides tips for effective chalkboard use such as sharpening chalk, writing at a legible size, and using different colored chalks. For overhead projectors, it recommends techniques like using a pointer, writing on transparencies during projection, progressively revealing information, and overlaying transparencies. Examples are given of how to use these tools across different subject areas and grade levels. Register marks are suggested for properly aligning transparency overlays.

1. Maximizing the Use of the Overhead
Projector and the Chalkboard
Educational Technology 1

2. Objective:
1. To be able to know the techniques which
can help maximize the use of the overhead
projector and the chalkboard.

3. Chalkboard or blackboard
 a smooth hard pannel, usually green or
black, for writing on with chalk
.(http://www.thefreedictionary.com/chalkboard)
Overhead Projector
An overhead projector is a variant of slide
projector that is used to display images to an
audience.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhead_projector)

4. The Chalkboard
Except in extremely deprived classroom, every classroom has a
chalkboard. In fact, a school may have no
computer, radio, tv, etc, but it will always have a chalkboard.
So why not make optimum use of what we have, the
chalkboard?
Sharpen your chalk to get good line
quality.
 Stand with your elbow high. Move
along as you write.
 Use dots as “aiming points.” This keeps
writing level
Make all writing or printing between 2
and 4 inches high for legibility.
 When using colored chalk, use soft
chalk so that it can be erased easily

5. The Overhead Projector
There are other kinds of projectors like opaque
projector and slide projector. The overhead
projector seems more available in schools. It has a
lot of advantages. Brown (1969) cites the following:
• The projector itself is simple to operate.
• The overhead projector is used in the front of the
room by the instructor, who has complete control of
the sequence, timing, and manipulation of his
material.
• Facing his class and observing students
reactions, the instructor can guide his
audience, control its attention, and regulate the
flow of information in the presentation.

6. Overhead Projection Technique
Among the outstanding attributes of overhead projection are the
many techniques that can be used to present information and
control the sequence of the presentation. As you plan your own
transparencies, keep in mind these features of overhead
projection:
• You can show pictures and diagrams, using a pointer on the
transparency to direct attention to a detail. The silhouette of you
pointer will show in motion in the screen.
• You can use a felt pen or wax-based pencil to add details or to make
points in the transparency during projection. The marks of waterbased pens and pencils can be removed with a soft cloth so that the
transparency can be reused.
• You can control the rate of presenting information by covering a
transparency with a sheet of paper or cardboard (opaque material)
and then exposing data as you are ready to discuss each point. This is
known as the progressive disclosure technique.
• You can superimpose additional transparency sheets as a overlays on
a base transparency so as to separate processes and complex ideas
into elements and present them in step-by-step order.

7. Other reminders on the effective use of the
OHP are:
• Stand off to one side of the OHP while you face the
students. Don’t talk to the screen.
• Face the students when you talk, not the screen.
• Place the OHP to your right, if you are right
handed, and to your left, if you are left handed.
• Place the OHP on a table low enough so that it does
not block you or the screen.
• Have the top of the screen tilted forward towards
the OHP to prevent the “keystone effect” (where
the top of the screen is larger than the bottom).

8. We can learn from the experiences of others.
Brown (1969). Enumerates effective practices.
Let’s learn from them.
• In primary grades, simple object like keys, leaves, and
cutout paper shapes can be placed directly on the
projector to stimulate children’s imagination and
encourage discussion.
• In English composition lessons, student themes or
writing exercises can be reproduced in film by means
of the heat or photo copy process. The teacher and
students can analyze the writing for style and
grammar as each example is projected.
• In arithmetic, blank sheets of acetate and grease
pencils can be given to selected students. Have them
prepare solutions to homework problems so the class
may evaluate and discuss their results.

9. The overlaying technique to do
progressive disclosure is illustrated
below:
• After making a sketch of the content for the
transparency, decide which parts will be the
base and which will be used for each overlay.
• Prepare a master drawing for each separate
part.
• In two corners on each master, make register
marks that match marks previously put on the
sketch. This will ensure proper registration of
each overlay.
• Prepare the transparency from each master.

10. Submitted by:
Jeovener Valsote
BEED II – A
Submitted to:
Prof. Mary Gene Panes