Max Ernst was a German-French painter and sculptor who was born in 1891 in Germany. He was considered a key figure in the Dada and Surrealist movements. Ernst studied philosophy, psychiatry, and art history at the University of Bonn before serving in the German army during World War I. He later helped found the Dada movement in Zurich in 1916, which rejected conformity and rationality and sought to fuse art and life. Ernst experimented with creative painting techniques and won a drawing competition in 1945. He married four times before dying in Paris in 1976.