Materials for Repair : self curing compounds (part 4) (RR&S)
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This document discusses self-curing compounds used in concrete repair. It describes different types of concrete curing compounds including synthetic resin, acrylic, wax, and chlorinated rubber. The document explains that curing compounds form a membrane on fresh concrete to retain moisture and allow proper hydration. It discusses the properties, application process, and uses of concrete curing compounds for curing large concrete surfaces like pavements and bridge decks.
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fault & faulting
This document discusses faults and faulting in geology. It defines a fault as a fracture along which blocks of rock have moved relative to each other. Faults are classified based on the apparent movement of blocks, direction of slip, fault orientation, and mode of occurrence. The three main types of faults are normal faults, where the hanging wall moves down; reverse faults, where the hanging wall moves up; and strike-slip faults, where blocks move horizontally parallel to the fault plane. Thrust faults are a type of reverse fault that dips at less than 45 degrees. Engineering considerations for structures built near faults include understanding the seismic history and zoning of the area.
Fold
Folds are bends or curvatures that develop in rocks due to stresses. They can take many shapes depending on factors like force magnitude and direction. Folds develop slowly over geological time as rocks adjust to changing stress fields. They are classified based on whether the strata bend up (anticlines) or down (synclines). Additional classifications consider the position of the axial plane and relative dipping of the limbs. Complex fold types include overturned, recumbent, and box folds. Folds form over a range of scales from small individual structures to large regional folding.
Construction Material: timber
This document discusses conventional construction materials, focusing on timber. It defines timber as wood suitable for construction purposes and notes it can be seasoned and preserved before use. Timber is classified as either hard wood from deciduous broad-leaf trees like teak, sal, and shisham, or soft wood from coniferous needle-leaf trees like deodar, pine, and kail. The document provides an introduction to additive construction methods using concrete but focuses most on describing timber and how it is classified.
Conventional Construction : Concrete Construction
Concrete is a widely used construction material made by mixing cement, water, and aggregates. It has several advantages including being economical, able to harden at ambient temperatures, and provide excellent water resistance. There are various types of concrete including plain concrete, lightweight concrete, reinforced concrete, precast concrete, and prestressed concrete. Each type has different properties making it suitable for different applications in structures like buildings, bridges, roads, and more. Reinforced concrete adds steel reinforcement to provide high tensile strength, while precast concrete involves casting concrete elements off-site.
Conventional Construction : steel
The document discusses the use of steel in conventional construction. It notes that steel construction involves assembling prefabricated steel components on-site using bolted connections. Steel offers advantages over other materials like speed of construction, safety, cost-effectiveness, strength and durability. Prefabrication allows for quality control and reduced waste. The document outlines several benefits of steel construction such as faster construction times, improved safety due to less on-site labor, cost savings from quicker completion, robustness to withstand overloads, precision of prefabricated components, lighter weight structures, and flexibility.
Conventional construction of Timber
This document discusses various types of timber used in construction. It begins by defining timber and its uses in construction. It then discusses classifications of timber into hardwood and softwood. Specific timber types discussed include bamboo, birch, cedar, cherry, mahogany, oak, and fir. For each timber, its characteristics, advantages and disadvantages for construction are provided.
Construction Masonry
This document discusses different types of masonry construction. It describes brick masonry, which uses brick units bonded with mortar. Stone masonry uses cut stone bonded with mortar. Cement concrete masonry uses precast concrete blocks bonded with mortar. Glass block masonry uses glass blocks bonded with mortar. Composite masonry uses two or more building materials like bricks, stones, tiles bonded with mortar. The document provides details on the composition and uses of each type of masonry construction.
concept of green buildings
The document discusses the concept of green buildings and green building technology. It defines a green building as one that reduces negative environmental impacts through its design, construction, or operation, such as efficient energy and water use, renewable energy, waste reduction, and use of non-toxic and sustainable materials. Green building technology encompasses features like geothermal heating and energy-efficient appliances. The document notes that green buildings are needed in India due to the country's large and growing population and energy consumption, as well as increasing shortages of water in major cities.
Building Bye-laws
This document discusses building bye-laws and regulations in India. It provides definitions of building bye-laws and their objectives, which are to provide guidelines for architects and engineers, prevent unplanned development, and ensure safety. It also outlines various rules and limits regarding built-up area, room sizes, building heights, ventilation, structural design, and floor space index. The bye-laws are intended to regulate building construction and design to protect structures from hazards and ensure safety.
Working Drawing Building Layout Architectural
The document discusses working drawings for building layout and architectural and structural designs. It provides details on building planning, proportions, orientations, site plans, and working drawings. It explains that working drawings include dimensions and details to guide construction. They consist of 2D projections like plans, sections and elevations, and may include title blocks, dimensions, notations and symbols. The document also defines architectural drawings as technical representations of structures, and structural drawings as plans detailing foundations, framing, beams, columns and wall sections.
Building Planning Proportion Orientation Site Plan
The document discusses various aspects of building planning including proportion, orientation, and site plans. It defines proportion as the visual relationships between objects and spaces that make up a structure. Orientation refers to fixing the direction of a building plan in relation to north. Site plans show the layout of a property including locations of buildings, driveways, walkways, and landscaping. There are 2D and 3D site plans, with 2D being simple diagrams and 3D being full-colored 3D renderings. Building planning aims to arrange various building components systematically to meet functional needs.
Ground Support System
Ground support systems such as anchors, soil nails, and rock bolts are used in civil engineering construction projects to stabilise slopes, walls, and tunnels. Anchors transfer tensile loads into the ground and can be either temporary or permanent depending on their design life. Permanent anchors have double corrosion protection. Soil nails and rock bolts are bar anchors that are usually passive but can be active or pre-stressed. They are often used with cement grout or resin to stabilise slopes, tunnels, and walls. Soil-nail walls are built from the top down using soil nails and reinforced concrete in stages with excavation between. Slope stabilisation techniques must be chosen based on failure mechanisms and assessed risks to
Infrastructure of Dam
This document discusses different types of dams used in civil engineering. It describes dams as barriers that hold back surface water and underground streams. The main types discussed are arch dams, gravity dams, arch-gravity dams, embankment dams, barrage dams, and natural lava dams. Each type is defined based on its structure, materials used, and how it resists water pressure. Reservoirs created by dams provide water for activities like irrigation and hydroelectric power generation.
Infrastructure of Tunnel & Sewage System
This document provides information about tunnels and sewer systems. It defines a tunnel as an underground passageway dug through soil, earth, or rock, with entrances at each end. Tunnels can be used for roads, railways, canals, sewers, or utilities. Sewer systems convey sewage or stormwater through pipes, chambers, and manholes, ending at a treatment plant. Sewer systems include combined systems that carry sewage and stormwater together, or separate sanitary sewers and storm drains. The main components are large pipes called sewers that gravity-feed waste to its discharge point.
Infrastructure of Bridges
This document discusses different types of bridges. It begins by defining what a bridge is and its basic purpose of providing passage over an obstacle. There are many different designs of bridges depending on factors like the terrain and materials used. Bridges can be categorized based on their structural elements. Common types include beam, truss, cantilever, arch, suspension, and cable-stayed bridges. Each type of bridge serves a particular purpose based on the loads and forces acting on it.
Infrastructure of Building & canal
The document discusses infrastructure and its components. It defines infrastructure as the basic systems and facilities needed for an organization, city, or society to function, including buildings, roads, bridges, water and sewer systems, and telecommunications. It provides details on different types of buildings, canals, and canal structures used in civil engineering infrastructure projects.
water resources
Water resources on Earth can be categorized as either fresh water or salt water. Fresh water, which makes up only 3% of the total water on Earth, has several natural sources including surface water, groundwater, and frozen water stored in glaciers and ice caps. Some artificial sources of fresh water are treated wastewater and desalinated seawater. Fresh water has a variety of important uses for agriculture, industry, households, recreation, and environmental needs. Proper management of water resources is necessary to ensure a sustainable supply of fresh water for current and future generations.
Transportation system Transportation system consisting road, railway track, c...
This document discusses various components of transportation systems including roads, railway tracks, culverts, and airport runways. It describes different types of each component in detail. For example, it explains that roads can be national highways, state highways, or village roads. It also discusses the types of culverts which include pipe, box, arch, and bridge culverts. The document provides information on the purpose and basic design of each type. It describes key aspects of railway tracks and airport runways as well.
Parks and Recreation center
The document discusses the importance of parks and recreation facilities for a city. It notes that parks provide physical, mental and social benefits. It then describes different types of parks like community parks, neighborhood parks, mini parks, and view parks. It explains the purpose and features of each park type. The document emphasizes that parks play a vital role in a city's health and quality of life.
element of commercial building
This document discusses different types of commercial properties and their subcategories. It describes industrial properties like manufacturing facilities, warehouses, and flex properties. Retail properties are discussed, including malls, shopping centers, and pad sites. Office properties include standard office spaces, office buildings, and medical/dental office suites. Other property types covered are multi-dwelling units, luxury homes/estates, hotels/lodging, and restaurants. Each property type has distinct features related to its intended commercial use.
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Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
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1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
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- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
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Materials for Repair : self curing compounds (part 4) (RR&S)
- 1. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Materials for Repair Self curing compounds PART :-4 Er. Ramprasad Kumawat M.Tech
- 2. Materials for Repair • Special Mortar (cement based and polymer modified mortars ) • Polymers and Resins, • Self curing compounds, • FRP:- (Fibre Reinforced Concrete ) • Ferro-Cement :- properties, selection criterion
- 3. Concrete Curing Compound • Curing is essential for the hydration of cement in concrete making. • So, to maintain required moisture content, come precautions are applied. • Concrete curing compound is a compound which helps to prevent the loss of moisture content from the concrete. • So, concrete is properly cured which results the full development of strength of concrete.
- 4. Types of Concrete Curing Compounds • Synthetic resin compound • Acrylic compound • Wax compound • Chlorinated rubber compound
- 5. 1. Synthetic Resin Concrete Curing Compound • Synthetic resins will seal the concrete by forming membrane. • If we want to provide plastering, the membrane can be removed by washing it with hot water.
- 6. 2. Acrylic Concrete Curing Compound • Acrylic is made of polymers of acrylic acid. It also seals the concrete in good manner. • It is having property of adhesion to the subsequent plaster. • No need to wash the surface of acrylic with hot water if we want to provide plastering.
- 7. 3. Wax Concrete Curing Compound • Wax compound have similar properties like resin compound. • The wax membrane will lose its efficiency with time increment.
- 8. 4. Chlorinated Rubber Curing compound • Chlorinated rubber type curing compound will form thick layer when we applied. • It seals the concrete tightly and also fills the minute pores present in the concrete. • But the film cannot stay for longer period. It is wear out in the long run.
- 10. Properties of Concrete Curing Compound • There are 5 properties to deicide the quality of concrete curing compound namely • Water retention • Reflectance • Drying period • Long term setting • Non-volatile matter
- 11. Process of Applying Concrete Curing Compound • Concrete curing compounds formed a membrane when we applied to fresh concrete. • This member does not allow the inside moisture to come out of concrete hence, curing occurs.
- 12. • This curing compounds possess waxes, natural resins, synthetic resins and solvents of high volatility. • Generally white or gray colors are appeared when we apply curing compound on fresh concrete. • These pigments are provided heat reflectance and also useful to check the area of curing completed.
- 13. • Generally, one liter of curing compound can be sprayed for 0.20 – 0.25m2 surface area of fresh concrete. • The sprayer pressure is usually 0.5 – 0.7 MPa. In small areas, we can also use brushes or paint rollers to apply curing compounds. • Curing compound should not be applied on surfaces which receive additional concreting.
- 15. Uses of Concrete Curing Compound • There are so many uses of curing compound in concrete. Which are • If wet curing is not possible, then curing compound can be used to cure the concrete surface. • For larger areas of concrete surfaces which are opened to sunlight, wind etc. curing is big task. But with the presence of curing compound it is easier. • Curing of concrete pavements, run ways, bridge decks etc. can be cured to reach their maximum strength.
- 16. • Maximum durability of structure will be developed. • Curing compound can be used for curing of canal linings, dams • Columns, beams, slabs can also be cured with curing compound • The membrane cane removed easily after complete curing.
- 17. • THANKS! • Gmail:- ramkumawat001@gmail.com