Master Thesis - Defence
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I Masteren skrev jeg sammen med 2 andre med studerende om, IV20, som har til hensigt at kunne bruges som, et evalueringsværktøj på lige fod med BE15, der giver det potientele energi mærke. IV20 kocentrere sig om at kunne kortlægge det potientielle indeklima, der er at finde i en bolig. Da jeg skrev om IV20 var fokus på etagebyggeri og rækkehuse. Skal vi mødes til en kop kaffe også kan jeg fortælle mere om dette projekt.
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Master Thesis - Defence
- 1. IV20 INDOOR ENVIRONMENT IN DIFFERENT BUILDINGS DEPENDING ON AGE AND TYPE Building Energy Design – Master Thesis Group 1-240-4 Aurelian Paduraru; Julius César Peralta Hedin; Rasmus Thode Christensen Supervisor: Rasmus Lund Jensen Co. Supervisor: Lasse Engelbrecht Rohde Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time
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- 3. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Todays Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall score Thermal Comfort Atmospheric Comfort Visual Comfort Findings Conclusions Recommendations Aurelian Paduraru Julius César Peralta Hedin Rasmus Thode Christensen Handouts: Agenda Correction Paper Presentation Example of Registration Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 10:06 3
- 4. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 10:06 4 Project Research Limitations Scope Picture source https://i2.wp.com/www.writeawriting.com/wp- content/uploads/2014/07/qualitative-research.jpg Picture source: https://1wpnews.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/limitations.jpg Picture source: https://www.cusi.biz/wp- content/uploads/2016/01/figures_with_dart_800_wht_9407.png IV20- different approaches 2 registration templates: • digital and paper version • Multi-story buildings (row- houses) • Period from 1850-2017. • evolution of the indoor environment • increasing energy savings Problem statement: 1. How does the indoor climate quality corelates with the increasing demands for energy savings? 2. Which historic key events in the building codes and construction market could explain the differences?
- 5. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time IV20Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 10:06 5
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- 7. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time PlanningToday’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 10:06 7
- 8. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time RegistrationToday’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 10:06 8
- 9. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Cases Cities -1850 1851- 1930 1931- 1950 1951- 1960 1961- 1972 1973- 1978 1979- 1998 1999- 2006 2007- 2010 2011- In total Aalborg 0 0 6 2 5 4 2 4 0 4 27 Aarhus 0 1 3 0 0 0 3 5 0 1 13 Copenhagen 0 12 4 4 0 2 0 1 0 2 25 In total 0 13 13 6 5 6 5 10 0 7 65 Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 10:06 9
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- 11. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time IV20 Overall scoreToday’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 10:06 11 Picturesource:www.sparenergi.dk IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria
- 13. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Pyramid IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria 4.The dependency of the evaluation/parameter or criteria to building typology is depending if the trendline is below or over 5 percentages compared with the starting period in 1850. 5 % represents the admitted steady-state error margin.10:06 13 Is the trendline increasing or decreasing more than 5 % from 1850 to 2017? Yes – then is dependent on building typology. No - then is independent on building typology. 5 % steady-state error margin IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation
- 14. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria Source: Saint Gobain comic book 10:06 14 Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation
- 15. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95% 100% 1883 1949 1977 201710:06 15 Thermal comfort accounts 25 % of the IV20 overall score. In the IV20 corrected results, the thermal comfort is dependent on building typology. Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation Thermal Comfort – Evaluation Area
- 17. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria 0% 50% 100% 1883 1949 1977 2017 0% 50% 100% 1883 1949 1977 2017 0% 50% 100% 1883 1949 1977 2017 10:06 17 Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation Operative temperature summer Operative temperature winter Draught Source: Saint Gobain comic book Source: Saint Gobain comic bookSource: Saint Gobain comic book Thermal Comfort – Parameters
- 19. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Thermal comfort – Criteria Summer comfort IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria 10:06 19 Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation Average scores for Thermal comfort parameters – Appendix D, Figure 6, Page 225
- 20. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Thermal comfort – Criteria Summer comfort IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% 10:06 20 Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation Black squares mark the period 1973-1978 and 2011-/.
- 21. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Thermal comfort – Criteria IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria 10:06 21 No. Parameter title Relative impact 1 Natural and mechanical ventilation, day [l/s m²] 22 % 2 Ratio between the glass area and the floor area [%] 14 % 3 Overhang over window [°] 12 % 4 G-value glass [-] 12 % 5 Natural and mechanical ventilation, night [l/s m²] 7 % 6 Horizontal shadow [°] 7 % 7 Shading factors both internal and external [-] 6 % 8 Side extrusions for shading, right [°] 4 % 9 Side extrusions for shading, left [°] 4 % 10 Façade wall U value [W/m²K] 3 % 11 Buildings orientation, south, east or west [°] 3 % 12 Window location in the façade wall 3 % 13 Building heat capacity [Wh/K m²] 2 % 14 U-value window [W/m²K] 2 % 15 Mechanical ventilation, winter [l/s m²] 0 % Source: Translation from Branchevejledning for indeklimaberegninger page 29 Parameters from Branchevejledning for indeklimaberegninger The highlighted factors can be found in table 11 (page 44 in the main thesis). Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation
- 22. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Thermal comfort – Criteria 10:06 22 Source: Google maps IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria Page 40, Figure 18, Case 41 Sallingsundvej 4, Aalborg Øst Before renovation After renovation Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation
- 23. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Thermal comfort – Criteria IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria 10:06 23 The new Table 11 from correction paper page 13 The old Table 11 from report Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation
- 24. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Thermal comfort – Criteria IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria 10:06 24 The bottom table = Table 12 from correction paper Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation The top table = Table 12 from main thesis
- 25. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Thermal comfort – Criteria IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria 10:06 25 Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation Figure 20 from IV20 original Figure 20 from IV20 correction Construction year 2011 2013 Case no. 63 61 Summer criteria score 80 40 Orientation [°] 123 211 U-value window [W/m²K] 2.07 1.55 G-value window [-] 0.51 0.63 Critical room area [m²] 18.1 15.5 Construction year 2011 2013 Case no. 40 41 Max. operative t. [°C] 40 0 Overheating hours – 27 [°C] 113 493 Overheating hours – 28 [°C] 34 290
- 26. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Thermal comfort – Criteria Sub-conclusion and Recommendation Sub - conclusion • Reinforced concrete lead to the usage of glazing walls and corner windows; • Double and triple pane windows are a negative aspect for the summer comfort; • The Ff factor importance increases the newer the building are; • New findings – contradicts the old ones regarding the window/floor area ratio from page 47; • Night ventilation - critical role for the summer comfort; Recommendation • The building industry should implement trickle vents in all the windows used for residential buildings for increase of energy savings and summer comfort; • Bottom hung windows because the venting during winter is done without creating discomfort due to wind velocity. 10:06 26 Source: Source: https://modernize.com/wp- content/uploads/2015/11/hop per-window.jpg IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation
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- 29. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Atmospheric comfort - Evaluation & ParameterToday’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 10:06 29 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 1883 1949 1977 2017 0% 50% 100% 1883 1949 1977 2017 0% 50% 100% 1883 1949 1977 2017 0% 50% 100% 1883 1949 1977 2017 IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria Impact from outdoor air Impact from building and materials Impact from usage
- 30. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Criterion – Natural ventilationToday’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 10:06 30 0 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005 0.0006 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Windcoefficientandwindspeed IV20score Cases Series1 U-wind speed Cw-wind coef. 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Airleakagearea[cm²] IV20score Cases Score A-air leakage area cm^2 IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria Score Air leakage area [cm²]
- 31. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Airleakagearea[cm²] IV20score Cases Score A-air leakage area cm^2 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Floorarea[m²] IV20score Cases Score Floor Area m^2 Criterion – Natural ventilationToday’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 10:06 31 Cases Cm² Floor m² Cs-stack coef. Cw-wind coef. IV20 Score Case 18 332,68 88 0,000435 0,000049 66% Case 19 861,55 120 0,000435 0,000049 67% Case 30 458 36 0,000290 0,000231 74% Case 40 865,02 84 0,000290 0,000231 73% Case 41 1153,36 89 0,000435 0,000049 73% Case 42 610,68 71 0,000435 0,000049 73% Case 43 1187,36 94 0,000435 0,000494 73% Case 55 584,63 72 0,000435 0,000049 79% Case 56 516,63 48 0,000435 0,000049 59% Case 61 335,96 77 0,000435 0,000049 66% Case 62 401,92 81 0,000435 0,000271 92% Case 63 461,58 87 0,000435 0,000049 92% 17 % of the cases was influenced by Shelter Class 2 Cases was influenced by Stack & Shelter class IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria Air leakage area [cm²]
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- 33. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Visual Comfort – Evaluation & ParameterToday’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 1883 1949 1977 2017 0% 50% 100% 1883 1949 1977 2017 0% 50% 100% 1883 1949 1977 2017 0% 50% 100% 1883 1949 1977 2017 10:06 33 IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria Daylight Direct solar radiation Outside and inside view
- 34. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 80 130 180 230 280 Sunheight,γs[o] Azimuth , αs [o] Suns path at equinox on the 21st of March in Aarhus, Denmark (ϕ= 56,17 λ=10,18) Criterion - Daylight - Intensity and distribution of daylight Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 10:06 34 Picture source: Animation from the IV20 Software IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria
- 35. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Criterion - Daylight - Intensity and distribution of daylight Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 10:06 35 IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria
- 36. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Criterion - Daylight - Intensity and distribution of daylight Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 10:06 36 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0 2 4 6 8 10 FFfactor[-] IV20score Cases Score FF factor 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 2 4 6 8 10 Windowarea[m²] IV20score Cases Score Vindow area m^2 IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria Window area [m²]
- 37. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Criterion - Daylight - Intensity and distribution of daylight Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 10:06 37 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 2 4 6 8 10 Windowarea[m²] IV20score Cases Score Vindow area m^2 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 2 4 6 8 10 Floorarea[m²] IV20score Cases Score Area Floor m^2 IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria Window area [m²] Floor area [m²]
- 38. Address Case Score Orientation of windows West West West West North East North East Karetmagertoften 51, 8270 AAH Case 53 9 277 277 277 48 48 Karetmagertoften 49, 8270 AAH Case 52 5 277 277 277 277 48 Karetmagertoften 47, 8270 AAH Case 51 4 277 277 277 277 48 Karetmagertoften 45 8270 AAH Case 50 2 277 277 277 48 48 Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Criterion - Daylight - Intensity and distribution of daylight Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 10:06 38 IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria
- 39. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Criterion - Daylight - Intensity and distribution of daylight Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 10:06 39 Picturesource:https://www.google.dk/maps/ IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria Address Case Score Orientation of windows West West West West North East North East Karetmagertoften 51, 8270 AAH Case 53 9 277 277 277 48 48 Karetmagertoften 49, 8270 AAH Case 52 5 277 277 277 277 48 Karetmagertoften 47, 8270 AAH Case 51 4 277 277 277 277 48 Karetmagertoften 45 8270 AAH Case 50 2 277 277 277 48 48
- 40. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Sub conclusion - Visual Slim window frame is preferred to increase the visual score; Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 10:06 40 Criterion - Daylight - Intensity and distribution of daylight IV20 score Evaluation area Parameter Criteria
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- 42. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Conclusion How does the indoor climate quality correlates with the increasing demands for energy savings? The indoor environment slightly increases over time by 14 % for buildings spanning from 1883 to 2017 and therefore it can be stated that the potential indoor environment is dependent of building typology and the increasing demands for energy savings. The summer comfort is the only parameter which decreases over building typologies. Which historic key events in the building codes and construction market could explain the differences? The most important key event is the change of the building regulations from one typology to other. Additionally, the invention of reinforced concrete and the windows with double and triple panes represent events in the construction market. Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 10:06 42
- 43. Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time Recommendation Thermal: • The building industry should implement trickle vents in all the windows used for residential buildings for increase of energy savings and summer comfort; • Bottom hung windows because the venting during winter is done without creating discomfort due to wind velocity. Atmospheric: • The construction industry should continue to use filters in the ventilation systems, but they should seek to improve the quality level of filtration. • Additionally, it might be necessary training of the buildings caretakers the importance and the procedure of changing the filters of the ventilation system to insure a low energy consumption and a good atmospheric comfort. Today’s Agenda: Introduction Introduction Project IV20 Planning & Registration Planning Registration Cases Analysis IV20 Overall Score Thermal Comfort General Approach methodology Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Summer comfort Atmospheric Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Natural Ventilation Visual Comfort Evaluation / Parameter Criterion – Intensity and distribution Findings Conclusions Recommendation 10:06 43
- 44. Thank you for your attention! Any questions? Education: Building Energy Design Group: BED 4 2018 - Group 1.242-04 23 of January 2018 – Master Thesis – IV20 Indoor Environment in Different Buildings Depending on Age and Time
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Editor's Notes
- Thank you Rasmus for your introduction. Firstly, I would like to mention that I tend to speak very fast when I am nervous and therefore, I will ask you to rise the hand if you think I will be speaking too fast. Secondly, I would like to focus the attention on the thermal comfort indicated in the left top corner of the poster.
- I will start the presentation introducing you the general approach and the 5 % steady-state error margin, then I will delve into thermal comfort, where I will focus the presentation on the summer comfort. We implemented the pyramid in our report, appendix and the presentation in order to have a graphical representation of the analyzed level from IV200. As you see on the right side of the screen, the analyzed level is marked in gray. In our thesis, we applied the general rule of 5 % steady-state error to declare the dependency or independency of all levels on the building typology. The 5 % steady-state error was thought during the 2nd semester from the Control and analyses of building energy systems and it s means that if a trendline finish point does not change more than 5 percentages compared with the starting point, than the system is constant. IN our case the word constant represents that it is not dependent on the building typology. Transition: Pyramid, and the 5 %
- Thermal comfort is one of the pylons which weights 25 % on the IV20 overall score and defines the thermal comfort level of people. Generally is assessed using the worst case scenario from the 4 rooms or the average score.
- The thermal comfort is the area of the IV20 which is the most affected by mistakes. In IV20 original the evaluation area thermal comfort is slightly decreasing and the conclusion was that it wasn’t dependent on building typology. In the IV20 corrected, the thermal comfort is increasing 10 percentages and therefore, can be stated that it is dependent on building typology.
- Even though the thermal comfort score for the oldest buildings decreases, the IV20 overall score is constant because atmospheric and visual is increasing. I will continue the presentation with the parameters for thermal comfort.
- The thermal comfort is the area of the IV20 which is the most affected by mistakes. The parameter operative temperature summer was corrected by including the Ff factor in the calculation for received solar radiation. The Ff factor is the ratio between glass and window opening surfaces. The parameters operative temperature winter and draught was corrected by linking the formula to cells which contains numbers instead of having the number into the formula. This change lead to decrease of the scores because the number of hours of asymmetrical temperature and air velocity are accounted right.
- I will focus the research on the criteria summer comfort which is the same as the parameter Operative temperature summer. The reasoning for presenting this particular criteria is that all the other criteria are increasing over the building typologies, beside the summer comfort which gets worse. Based on the empirical data, we state that the industry cannot design proper buildings for obtaining high comfort standards during the summer.
- In order to obtain some recommendations for the construction industry, we wanted to investigate the typologies with the least scores. In the original results, the average score for summer comfort was the smallest in building typology 1973-1978 and 2011-/, as can be seen in Figure 6 from Appendix D.
- In our poster, the delved periods mentioned before are marked with black squares. Additionally, please note that the trendlines between the original and corrected results are moving forward from each other which means that the importance of the Ff factor increases from the old to the new buildings. The reason of that is the increasing demands for energy savings.
- After we decided why and what to investigate, we needed to index the inputs into IV20 and compare the results. For the inspiration, we used the Guideline for indoor climate calculation made by SBi.
- During the analysis we found out that the IV20 is wrong and it didn’t account the Ff. Therefore, all the following analyses for thermal and acoustic criteria have the first question “is this criteria calculated right in the software? “ before delving into results. In order to analyze how important was the Ff factor, we randomly picked case 41 and noticed that the window frames are very slim. Therefore, we thought that the Ff factor should not account so much. Considering that the case 41 was recently renovated, and the results, we can state that the industry may not know how crucial is the shadow from other buildings. Since the reinforced concrete started to be used since 1920’s the big glazing walls and corner windows could be used. In the slide is enclosed a picture before and after renovation, because we can state that the industry doesn’t know how to renovate the buildings because overheating reaches dangerous temperatures during summer, as it can be seen in the next slide.
- In this slide was enclosed the table 11 with the original and corrected results. After we plotted this table we found out that case 41 is very bad example to actually analyze the importance of the Ff factor. All the cases indicated with a star score more after the IV20 was corrected. In order to filter our results, we decided to remove the cases which fulfills the building regulations regarding the overheating hours in residential buildings. The regulations states that it is maximum allowed 100 hours of temperatures over 27 °C and 25 hours for temperatures of 28 °C.
- The cases marked with the star represents the cases which fulfills the results after IV20 was corrected. The bottom table represents the cases of focus for investigations of the windows/ floor area ratio. Please note that the cases 40 and 41 are similar regarding the Orientation, U-value, G-value and Room area. However, please observe that 41 does not have night ventilation because the trickle vents are missing,
- It can be noticed that case 40 scores 40 % while case 41 scores 0 because of the night ventilation. Additionally, cases 63 and 61 score more in the corrected results than original. The case 63 has a bigger surface area than 61 but also a higher heat loss.
- The sub-conclusion of the analysis is that the glazing walls was able to be implemented due to usage of reinforced concrete in 20th century. Additionally, the importance of the Ff factor increases as the buildings gets newer because the heat losses decreases. The night ventilation is crucial for ensuring a high summer comfort. The new findings contradicts the old one regarding the window/floor area ratio. We recommend, the permanent design of the trickle vents in the new windows, and usage of bottom hung windows.
- The acoustic comfort was not included into the presentation because there aren’t any changes between the original and the new version. I will give the word to my colleague, Julius, who will present you the atmospheric and visual comfort.
- Atmospheric is increacing do to: Bigger and bigger venting valves in the windows and implementation of mechanical ventilation system with partical filters. Diving down,
- Atmospheric is increacing do to: Bigger and bigger venting valves in the windows and implementation of mechanical ventilation system with partical filters. Diving down,
- Atmospheric is increacing do to: Bigger and bigger venting valves in the windows and implementation of mechanical ventilation system with partical filters. Diving down,
- The building code mad acoustic demands in 1961 but the acoustic has not improved more than 5% over 134 years. Thermal: The fact that building regulations enforced the installation of heat recovery units in multi-story buildings lead to an increase of the scoring of thermal comfort. (2015) Acoustic The Building code have had a positive influence on the ventilation, because silencers has been added in as an demand. (2015) Atmospheric Atmospheric has improved since 1961 where the first demands for extraction of polluted air where implemented.