Speaker: Catherine Gamper, Team Lead Climate Adaptation and Resilience, Climate, Biodiversity & Water Division, Environment Directorate (OECD). Presentation at the 2nd meeting of the Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC) held online on 12-13 March, 2024.

1. Report on recent activities of the
secretariat
Update on ongoing adaptation
activities
2nd Meeting of the WPCC (virtual)
12-13 March 2024
Catherine Gamper
Climate, Biodiversity and Water Division (CBW)
OECD Environment Directorate
Working Party on

2. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
Overview of ongoing work
2
Working Party on
I. Climate-resilient infrastructure & other activities
II. Adaptation measurement
III. Adapting to climate change in the management of drought

3. Report on recent activities of the
secretariat
Working Party on
I Climate-resilient infrastructure

4. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
Overview
4
Working Party on
1. Update on Sustainable Infrastructure Programme in Asia (SIPA)
activities
2. OECD horizontal infrastructure initiative: 2024 Infrastructure Forum &
Report

5. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
Ongoing adaptation activities in SIPA
5
Working Party on
Sustainable Infrastructure
Programme in Asia (SIPA)
Central Asia
Mongolia
South East
Asia
Indonesia Philippines
Climate resilience component objective:
Promote mainstreaming of climate resilience in
infrastructure planning and operation
Regional Peer Learning
National Policy Dialogues
2023-2024
2025

6. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
Mainstreaming climate resilience in infrastructure planning
and development:
Insights from the Philippines
6
Working Party on
➢ OECD engagement with the National Economic
Development Agency (NEDA)
➢ Objectives:
• Elaboration of an implementation roadmap to
strengthen climate resilience of infrastructure
• Facilitating a dialogue among infrastructure
stakeholders
➢ Activities:
• Cross-sectoral questionnaire (>100 respondents)
• Thematic workshops and bilateral interviews
• Elaboration of an OECD report
Endorsement for Declassification: “Fostering climate
resilience building in the Philippines
ENV/EPOC/WPCC(2024)5”

7. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
7
Working Party on
➢ OECD engagement with the Ministry of National Development
Planning (Bappenas)
➢ Objectives:
• Raise awareness and build capacity on thematic
areas to build climate resilient infrastructure
• Facilitating a dialogue among infrastructure
stakeholders
➢ Activities:
• Cross-sectoral questionnaire
• Thematic workshops
• International peer-learning sessions
Draft report to be shared with WPCC in Q3
Mainstreaming climate resilience in infrastructure planning
and development:
Ongoing work in Indonesia

8. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
OECD Horizontal Infrastructure Initiative:
Report on Closing the climate resilience gap in
infrastructure
8
Working Party on
➢ Comprehensive review of rationale and key policy areas to render infrastructure resilient to
climate change:
• Chapter 1: Overview
[ENV/EPOC/WPCC(2024)/6]
• Chapters 2&3: Planning and Financing
• Chapter 4: Harnessing Nature-based solutions for
Climate-resilient Infrastructure
[ENV/EPOC/WPCC(2024)/8)]
• Chapter 5: Supporting regions and cities (CFE)
• Chapter 6: Supporting developing countries (DEV)
➢ Launch during the OECD Infrastructure Forum

9. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
OECD Horizontal Infrastructure Initiative:
OECD Infrastructure Forum 2025
9
Working Party on
➢ Location: Paris
➢ Dates: 9-10 April
• Opening plenary: Making infrastructure fit for purpose
in a changing climate (OECD SG Cormann, Minister of
Finance, France; Minister of Public Works, Chile…)
• Opening breakout: Nature-based solutions: Harnessing
the power of nature to strengthen the climate-resilience
of infrastructure (BMUV, Germany; Netherlands; World
Bank)
For registration and more information: https://www.oecd-
events.org/infrastructure-forum

10. Report on recent activities of the
secretariat
Working Party on
Update on other engagements

11. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
Recently released work
11
Working Party on
• Two country case studies on wildfire
policy have been published,
complementing the flagship report on
global wildfire risk and policy
• Two publications on the local and multi-
level governance aspects of
adaptation
• First WP on Macroeconomic and
Structural Policy Analysis discussion note
on “Accelerating Climate Adaptation:
Toward a Framework for Assessing
and Addressing Adaptation Needs and
Priorities”

12. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
Impact & Visibility
12
Working Party on
OECD adaptation work in the news (selection)
1. Al Jazeera’s Inside Story
2. Germany’s main TV station ARD covered the Environmental Performance Review
3. The Financial Times invited us to discuss our drought work
4. Our wildfire work featured in 30+ media outlets, including in France’s Libération and Portugal’s Público
OECD invited presentations (selection)
1. The European Climate Change Adaptation Conference (wildfires, NbS)
2. Annual Conference of the European Association on Environmental and Resource Economists
(measurement)
3. EC DG ECHO’s Lessons Learned on Wildfires and Floods
4. Asian Development Bank’s Community Resilience Partnership Programme (local adaptation)
5. European Investment Bank’s Adaptation Days (NAP effectiveness)

13. Report on recent activities of the
secretariat
Working Party on
II. Measuring progress on
implementing national adaptation
policies

14. First paper on Measuring progress in
implementing national adaptation policies
14
1. Introduction: rationale and definition
2. Adaptation measurement: from establishing baselines to measuring results
3. Developing and presenting data and information for adaptation measurement
4. Fostering adaptation measurement and the use of its results
Currently online for your comments [ENV/EPOC/WPCC(2024)4]

15. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
Working Party on
Next steps on adaptation measurement
Launch
Q2 2024
“Measuring progress in implementing
national adaptation policies”
[ENV/EPOC/WPCC(2024)4]
Comments by 22 March
EPOC
Declassification
WPCC review of
case studies
(UK/Korea/Chile)
March/April (3
weeks review)
May 2024
Joint Working Party on Ag and
Env (April 2024)
Draft adaptation indicator
framework for agriculture
3rd WPCCC (2024)
Draft adaptation indicators for
agriculture
2nd WPCCC (2024)

16. Report on recent activities of the
secretariat
Working Party on
Monitoring progress in
adapting agricultural
production to climate change:
Update on progress and scope of work

17. Rationale for adaptation measurement in
agriculture
17
Climate change is threatening global food supply security but also creating regional opportunities
Source: Hasegawa et al., 2022
Climate change impacts on crop yields by the end of 2100 (without adaptation under RCP4.5)

18. Adaptation is a key priority in agriculture
planning & policy
18
• Efforts are made by OECD countries to favor resilience of agriculture:
o 600 adaptation measures identified in the last OECD Agricultural policy
monitoring and evaluation report
o Agriculture is identified as a key sector in most of OECD countries NAPs or
NAS

19. 19
OECD countries take a keen interest in indicators,
but relatively little use is made of them :
Using indicators to track progress on adaptation
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Share
of
responding
countries
Interested in
using indicators
Effectively
make use of
indicators
Indicators provide Simplified, Quantified and
Harmonised information:
1. Track and communicate progress :
(1) towards adaptation objectives
(2) over time
(3) between regions/countries
2. Identify remaining adaptation needs
3. Assess the effectiveness/efficiency of
adaptation measures and policies
Source: OECD Adaptation measurement (forthcoming)

20. Objectives of the project
20
1. Apply the OECD adaptation measurement framework to agricultural
production
➢ clarify what measuring progress in adapting agricultural production
mean
2. Develop original indicators to measure progress along the different
components of adaptation
➢ Demonstrate how indicators can be used to measure adaptation
progress

21. A framework: measuring progress along 6 dimensions
21
CLIMATE IMPACT
ENABLING
ENVIRONMENT
HAZARD
Droughts
Floods
Storms
Change in average and
extreme temperatures
Production and factors of
production:
Quantity
Quality
Sustainability
VULNERABILITY
• Production practices
• Species reared or cultivated
• Soil and water management
measures
• Technology usage
• …..
EXPOSURE
Agricultural land and
livestock location
Resources: funding, workers and skills, knowledge production and sharing
Planning adaptation actions
Implementation and enforcement of adaptation policies
5
2
4
6
1
3
(Adoption of adaptation
measures and practices)

22. 22
Changes in hazard and exposure:
• Changes in hazards’ location and/or severity
• Changes of stock in hazard locations
1
HAZARD
Droughts
Floods
Storms
Change in average and
extreme temperatures
CLIMATE IMPACT
Production and factors of
production:
Quantity
Quality
Sustainability
VULNERABILITY
Production practices
Species reared or cultivated
Soil and water characteristics
Technology performance
and usage
EXPOSURE
Agricultural land and
livestock location
2 3
1
(Adoption of adaptation
measures and practices)
A framework: measuring progress along 6 dimensions

23. 23
Change in exposure:
• Reallocation of the production
• Changes in hazards’ location and/or severity
1
Implementation of adaptation measures
• Infrastructure/technologies: More efficient irrigation systems
• Behavioral and cultural approaches: Agroforestry
• Ecosystem-based approaches: Species diversification
2
HAZARD
Droughts
Floods
Storms
Change in average and
extreme temperatures
RISK/IMPACT
Production and factors of
production:
Quantity
Quality
Sustainability
VULNERABILITY
Production practices
Species reared or cultivated
Soil and water characteristics
Technology performance
and usage
EXPOSURE
Agricultural land and
livestock location
2 3
1
(Adoption of adaptation
measures and practices)
CLIMATE IMPACT
3
A framework: measuring progress along 6 dimensions

24. 24
Change in exposure:
• Reallocation of the production
• Changes in hazards’ location and/or severity
1
Implementation of adaptation measures
• Infrastructure/technologies: More efficient irrigation systems
• Behavioral and cultural approaches: Agroforestry
• Ecosystem-based approaches: Species diversification
2
Change in impact of climate events on production and production factors
• Quantity (yields, quantity of milk and meat produced, …)
• Quality (nutritional characteristics, chemical and biological contaminants, …)
• Sustainability (soil erosion, fertility and reproduction, …)
3
HAZARD
Droughts
Floods
Storms
Change in average and
extreme temperatures
Production and factors of
production:
Quantity
Quality
Sustainability
VULNERABILITY
Production practices
Species reared or cultivated
Soil and water characteristics
Technology performance
and usage
EXPOSURE
Agricultural land and
livestock location
2
1
(Adoption of adaptation
measures and practices)
CLIMATE IMPACT
3
A framework: measuring progress along 6 dimensions

25. Progress in setting an enabling environment
25
Resources: funding, workers and skills, knowledge production and sharing
Planning adaptation actions
Implementation and enforcement of adaptation policies
5
4
6
Adapting to climate change requires innovative
and additional resources:
• additional funding
• skilled workers
• generation of innovative knowledge
4

26. Progress in setting an enabling environment
26
Resources: funding, workers and skills, knowledge production and sharing
Planning adaptation actions
Implementation and enforcement of adaptation policies
5
4
6
Adapting to climate change requires innovative
and additional resources:
• additional funding
• skilled workers
• generation of innovative knowledge
4
Planning for adaptation in agriculture:
• Planning for adaptation actions and policies in
agriculture (NAPs, NAS)
• Mainstreaming adaptation and resilience in agricultural
plans
5

27. Progress in setting an enabling environment
27
Resources: funding, workers and skills, knowledge production and sharing
Planning adaptation actions
Implementation and enforcement of adaptation policies
5
4
6
Adapting to climate change requires innovative
and additional resources:
• additional funding
• skilled workers
• generation of innovative knowledge
4
Planning for adaptation in agriculture:
• Planning for adaptation actions and policies in
agriculture (NAPs, NAS)
• Mainstreaming adaptation and resilience in agricultural
plans
5
Adaptation policies can take different forms:
• Regulation, standards and norms
• Organizational and institutional reforms
• Economic instruments (taxes, subsidies, …)
6

28. 28
Work has been focused on the definition of a framework and the specification
of the different dimension of adaption measurement so far
Forthcoming work will focus on building and using indicators:
• Agreeing on a list of indicators
• Pursuing the collection of relevant data and information
• Designing original indicators to measure progress along the diverse
dimensions of adaptation
• Part of these indicators will be used to illustrate OECD countries progress in
adapting to climate change.
Next steps & Discussion questions

29. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
Discussion questions
29
Working Party on
Do you have any additional comments on the current report circulated for comments?
How would you suggest to adjust the proposed framework for developing indicators ?

30. Report on recent activities of the
secretariat
Working Party on
III Adapting the management of
drought to a changing climate

31. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
Overview
31
Working Party on
1. Update on the Paris study
2. Update on the scoping of the global study

32. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
32
Working Party on
➢ OECD engagement with the City of Paris; the Metropolitan Agency
of Greater Paris; the Basin Commission of the Seine and Marne
Rivers;
➢ Objectives:
• Assess the economic costs of climate-change
induced water scarcity by 2050/2100
• Facilitate an international peer review
• Assess current policies and measures to
maintain resilience levels
➢ Activities:
• Direct and indirect costing study
• Cross-sectoral questionnaire
• Peer review process
Adapting to a changing climate in the management of
drought:
The case of Paris
• For WPCC/EPOC review: May 2024
• Launch event: September 2024
• Green talk live: October 2024

33. Report on recent activities of the
secretariat
Adapting to a changing climate in
the management of droughts:
Update on ongoing work on the global
study
Working Party on

34. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
34
Working Party on
Droughts are an increasingly global climate
risk…
➢ Drought impacts are manifold, as they
• accelerate land and aquatic ecosystem
degradation;
• increase water insecurity, inequalities,
displacements;
• produce significant economic impacts
(agriculture, energy, tourism, freight
transportation, housing…);
Source: IPCC 2022, 6th Assessment report
Global average drought risk 1901-2010
Global drought severity, 2017
Source: GFDRR, 2024

35. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
35
Working Party on
Climate change is driving drought severity
• Climate change estimated to have made the USA
2013 droughts 46% more severe;
(Williams et al, 2020)
• Drought frequency and intensity to increase with
every 0.5 degree warming;
(IPCCC, 2021)
• Megadroughts (10+ years) likelihood to increase
from 12% to more than 60% in RCP 4.5 ;
(NASA,2015)
Global change in land area exposed to meteorological drought
Source: World Bank Group (2022): Droughts and Deficits: the Global Impact of Droughts on Economic Growth.

36. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
36
Working Party on
Policy challenges in managing droughts
• Silent, slow-onset risk: difficult to predict, to monitor, and to
communicate on;
➢ Better understanding of droughts characteristics and
their potential impacts
• Drought management measures require managing trade-offs: the
risk for maladaptation is considerable;
➢ Better understanding risks of maladaptation and
identifying solutions to avoid it;
• Droughts are often tackled when it is too late;
➢ Shed light on ex ante adaptation measures to
droughts in comparison to ad-hoc, reactive
measures (crisis measures)

37. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
Report overview
37
Working Party on
Chapter 1 Chapter 2
Chapter 3
A global overview of drought risk
induced by climate change
Assessing the drought adaptation
gap
Drought policy effectiveness
UNDERSTANDING the
impact of climate change
on drought occurrence,
intensity
Stocktake of policies
and measures to adapt
to droughts to :
- avoid maladaptation
- reduce need for crisis
management measures
Spotlight on evaluating water
pricing and its impact on
lowering drought risk

38. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
Chapter 1: A Global Overview of drought
risk induced by climate change
38
Working Party on
Objective
Content
Improve our understanding of current and future drought related risk and impacts under climate change
• Summarise social, environmental and economic impacts of observed droughts globally and specifically in OECD
(zoom in on specific events);
• Summarise drought impacts & costs across sectors (agriculture/food, energy, transport), shedding light on indirect
cascading impacts (including supply chain drought risk)
• Outlook on global economic impact of future drought risk?
• Review and discuss attribution effect of climate change;
• Provide overview and discussion of compounding risks (floods; wildfires;…)
• Review countries’ drought risk assessment and monitoring, including the incorporation of climate change projections;

39. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
Chapter 2: Assessing drought adaptation
gap
39
Working Party on
Objective
Content
Provide a comprehensive overview of drought adaptation measures, with a view to understanding and avoiding
maladaptation and reducing the need for crisis management measures
• Stock-taking and classification (including temporal) of existing drought adaptation measures and policies;
• Spotlight discussion on the efficiency of adaptation versus crisis-response measures;
• Identify and discuss maladadaption to drought and how to avoid it;
• Identify synergies and trade-offs between policies;
• Overview & discussion of countries integration of drought in adaptation policies;
• Overview & discussion of countries mainstreaming of drought adaptation measures in sectoral policies (agriculture;
energy;..)

40. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
Chapter 3: Understanding drought
management effectiveness
40
Working Party on
Shed light on the effectiveness of selected drought adaptation measures
• Discussion of the rationale & challenge in measuring drought adaptation effectiveness
• Select a common drought adaptation measure (e.g. water pricing) and conduct effectiveness assessment
• Apply a meta-analysis to provide evidence based & quantitative analysis of effectiveness of water pricing
to address drought risk;
• Identify the conditions favouring or undermining the effectiveness of these measures;
Content
Objective

41. Working Party on Climate Change (WPCC)
Discussion questions
41
Working Party on
What drought management gap do you see arise under a changing climate in your country?
What maladaptation risk do you see arise in your country?
Is there something key missing in the suggested coverage of the report?
Would you suggest us to conduct a global drought cost outlook? Would you be able to
support this work?