2 semester Projekt på Masteren fokusere på varme og køle systemer i bygningen. ved at undersøge eksisterende forhold og evaluere via simulationer kunne vi skrædersyg en løsning, der kunne minimere overophedningstimer om sommeren, reducere energi forbrug om vinteren, samt reducere energi forbuget i bygningen.

1. BUILDING VENTILATION, HEATING AND COOLING
Building Energy Design - 2 Semester Project
Group 2-07: Andrei Dolejan, Adrian I Cuth, Julius Andersen,
Rógvi K. D. Clementsen & Ulrich Hechmann
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality

2. 1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
Model Validation
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
Andrei G. Dolejan
• Ventilation &
Diffuser's
Proposal
Julius Andersen
• Introduction
• Location
• General info
• Project Aim
• Existing Ventilation
• Existing Heating
Adrian I. Cuth
• Short term field
measurement's
• Long terms field
measurement’s
• BE15 - Existing
• Model validation
Rógvi K. D. Clementsen
• Heating Proposal
• BE15 – New Model
Ulrich Hechmann
• Bsim simulation
after Renovation
• Economy
• Project conclusion

3. Location
Mellervangskolen
Frøstrupvej 4, 9220 Aalborg East
North Jutland
Location
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
When Measuring and analysing
A representative part of the school
Was analysed.
61 class rooms
9 not represented (because of orientation)
85,25 % of the class rooms
are represented
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

4. Mellervangskolen
- 9.203 m2
- Built in 1940 (first part)
- Red bricks
- Expanded in 1970’s
- is divided in to 17 building sections
- Around 300-400 students
- Renovated some part of the schools’ heating installations in 2014
General info about the building
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

5. Project Aim
Problem formulations
• How to bring a school built in 1977 up to
current BR15 conditions, by optimizing
the indoor environment and at the same
time improve the energy performance?
• How can the indoor environment and
building performance be improved?
- Sub questions
• What can be optimized in order to
improve the indoor environment and
how?
• Does the improvement of the indoor
environment affect the building energy
performance
• Is it possible to reduce the building
performance while keeping the old
building envelope?
Project procedure
• Field measurements
• - Acoustic
• - Daylight
• - Blow-Door test (infiltrations)
• - CO2
• - Relative Humidity
• - indoor Temperature
Analysing tools
• BE15 (energy frame)
• Bsim (simulations of indoor environment)
• Data given by Energy Key Aalborg
• Comparing
• Optimizing
• Comparing again
Suggesting
• - proposal 1
Delimitations
• Project focus only on Energy efficiency –
by changing the heating system or adding
a ventilation system.
• Implemented the part of the survey, that
has something to do with the indoor
climate.
• There is only 1 proposal based on
installations analysis.
• Simulations are based on 2 user profiles
from the site.
• Simulations was done for 2 Classrooms
lying in different directions.
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

6. Existing ventilation
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
• Only natural ventilation
• Single sided
• Cross ventilation when doors and windows are open
• Driving forces:
• Momentum created by the wind
• Buoyancy created by the temperature difference.
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

7. • District heating
• Heat exchanger
• Closed system
• Change to a 2 pipe system 2014
• Old radiators are kept
• Separate heat exchanger for hot
domestic water
• The section worked wiht are driven by 5
Grundfos heat pumps
Existing Heating system
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

8. Sort term field measurements
Daylight
Legislation:
Proportion at 10% of the floor
area.
Daylight factor of 2% of 50%
of the floor area.
Field measurement result:
Daylight factor too low.
35% of the class rom.
Proportion of the glazed area
within demands. 10% of the
floor area.
SBI 219 – 12.08.2008
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project
Groundfloor

9. Sort term field measurements
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
Blow-door / Infiltration
Legislation:
“Specific leakage at 50 Pa W50 [L/s
M2] volume flow through leaks in
the building must not be more than
1,0 l/s per m2”
Field measurement result:
14.7 l/s/m2
Correction formula SBI 213
0,04 + 0,06 * q50
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project
Groundfloor

10. Sort term field measurements
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
Acoustic
Legislation:
“Airborne absorb 48 dB or more”
“Impact sound maximum 48 dB
should travel through the
construction”
Field measurement result:
Airborne sound – demands not met
Impact sound – partly met
DS/EN-ISO717.1 – Airborne sound
DS/EN-ISO717.2 – impact sound
SBI 273 – Airborne & Impact sound
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project
Groundfloor

11. Sort term field measurements
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
Draught rate
Legislation:
0.15 m/s for winter and 0.25 m/s
during summer.
Field measurement result:
2 rooms measured for draught.
both of them are for fulling ,the
demand of draught rate of less
than 10% for class A
ISO 7730-2006
DS474
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project
Groundfloor 1st Floor

12. Long term field measurements
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
• Relative humidity
• CO2 level
3 parameters measured
• Operative temperature
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
Degrees°C
Date
Operative Temperature Room 1.13 - Week 45
Measured
-500.00
500.00
1500.00
2500.00
3500.00
4500.00
ppm
Date
CO2 - Room 1.13 - Week 45
Measured
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
55.00
60.00
RH(%)
Date
Relative Humidity - Room 1.13 - Week 45
Measured
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

13. Be15
Existing Energy Frame:
• Target is to reach Renovation Class 2
Energy key Data
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
Energy use over 5 years
Year Consumption Coast Class 2015 Class 2020
2016 175,67KWh / M^2 2.213.142,31Kr. 41,13kWh/m2 25kWh/m2
2015 165,57KWh / M^2 2.083.319,77Kr. 41,13kWh/m2 25kWh/m2
2014 156,20KWh / M^2 1.968.453,45Kr. 41,13kWh/m2 25kWh/m2
2013 181,04KWh / M^2 2.282.615,33Kr. 41,13kWh/m2 25kWh/m2
2012 213,28KWh / M^2 2.694.599,33Kr. 41,13kWh/m2 25kWh/m2
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

14. BSim
User behaviour
IAQ registration
Simulation model
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
Model simplification
• Analyse data
• User behaviour profiles
• Monitoring ongoing during the
measurement period
Monitoring
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

15. BSim – Outdoor Conditions
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
45.00
55.00
65.00
75.00
85.00
95.00
105.00
RH%
Date
Recorded RH vs Wheather File
Measured Data Weather File
-5.00
-3.00
-1.00
1.00
3.00
5.00
7.00
9.00
11.00
13.00
15.00
Degrees°C
Date
Recorded Temperature vs Wheather File
Measured Data Weather File
Lead to differences between
measurements and simulations
Identify discrepancies between the data
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

16. Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality BSim – Model Validation Room 1.13
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
Degrees°C
Date
Operative Temperature Room 1.13 - Week 45
Measured Simulated
• East Facing Room 1.13
• Differences due to:
Schedule
Activity level
Weather Data
-diff. in temperatures
-diff in RH
0.00
500.00
1000.00
1500.00
2000.00
2500.00
3000.00
3500.00
4000.00
4500.00
ppm
Date
CO2 - Room 1.13 - Week 45
Measured Simulated
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
55.00
60.00
RH(%)
Date
Relative Humidity - Room 1.13 - Week 45
Measured Simulated
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

17. Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality BSim – Model Validation Room 1.25
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
Degrees°C
Date
Operative Temperature Room 1.25 - Week 45
Measured Simulated
0.00
500.00
1000.00
1500.00
2000.00
2500.00
3000.00
3500.00
ppm
Date
CO2 - Room 1.25 - Week 45
Measured Simulated
• South Facing Room 1.25
• Differences due to:
User Behavior
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
55.00
60.00
RH(%)
Date
Relative Humidity - Room 1.25 - Week 45
Measured Simulated
Weather Data
-diff. in temperatures
-diff in RH
-solar radiation
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

18. Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality BSim – Model Validation - Conclusion
Based on the analysis presented –
Future simulations can be interpreted
Digital model can be validated
Different systems and renovation solutions can be tested
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

19. Mechanical Ventilation
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
Why mechanical ventilation? • High levels of CO2
• Need of fresh air
• Remove excessive heat
• Improved energy performance
Which rooms should be ventilated?
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

20. Mechanical Ventilation
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
How much fresh air? • BR15 states 5l/s/person + 0,35 l/s/m2
• SBI 196 recommends 6 l/s/person + 2,5 l/s/m2
• For basement: 0,35 l/s/m2
What type of ventilation system? • Centralized
• VAV
• Unit placed in attic
Which air distribution principle? • Mixing ventilation
• Ceiling diffusers
• Supply & extraction
from each room
Ventilation effectiveness • 18OC supply air
• Effectiveness 0,9-1,0
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

21. Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality Diffusers
3 Classrooms analyzed in detail that have different
characteristics: -shape and size
• Right type of diffusers
• Right placement of diffusers
• Ensures the necessary throw length
• Ensures mixing in the room
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

22. Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality Diffusers
Lindab Square PKV
Classroom 1.22 Section of Classroom 1.22 • Fresh air was split among 4 inlet diffusers
• Exhaust air was split among 3 outlet diffusers
Throw length was considered in order to avoid:
• Draught in the occupied area
• Poor mixing of the air in classroom
Pressure loss over the diffuser:
• Recommended between 30-50 Pa
• These specific diffusers will have 38 Pa Pressure loss
Sound Level that can occur at certain flow
• Maximum of 35 dB is allowed, in this case at source there was 36 dB
• Calculations show at the closest point from occupied area a value of 27.2 d
1 Room: Classroom 1.22 Supply Exhaust
2 Max. Allowed LpA: 35 dB 35 dB
3 No. of diffusers 4 3
4
Shortest distance to diffuser
[m] 2.56 1.9
5 Direction factor 2 2
6 Normalized room damping ΔLR 4 4
7
Real room damping ΔLR = LW-
LP 7.7 7.2
8 Correction for no. of diffusers 5.5 5
9 Correction for supply/exhaust 3 3
10 Correction for duct noise 3 3
11 Allowed LPA-reading 27.2 dB 27.2 dB
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

23. Mechanical Ventilation
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
Duct system • Round, steel ducts
• Sizing of ducts done according to velocity
• 50 mm insulation
• Pipes running in the attic
Ventilation unit • 3 separate ventilation units
System 1
o 2 in the attic for the classrooms
o 1 in the basement
• Cross heat exchanger
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

24. Mechanical Ventilation
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

25. Mechanical Ventilation
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
How to choose a fan ? • Total air flow
Fresh air demand
Frictional / Local loss
• SEL (Specific Electricity Consumption)
Critical route
qv-inlet
System 1 1320 m3/h / 3600 = 0,36 m3/s
System 2 6654 m3/h / 3600 = 1,8 m3/s
System 3 10204 m3/h / 3600 = 2,8 m3/s
Sum = 4,96 m3/s
qv-outlet
System 1 1320 m3/h / 3600 = 0,36 m3/s
System 2 7054 m3/h / 3600 = 2 m3/s
System 3 10534 m3/h / 3600 = 2,9 m3/s
Sum = 5,29 m3/s
SEL = 10,7 kW / 5,29 m3/s * 103 = 2023 J/m3
• Total pressure loss
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

26. Heating Proposal
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
Why radiator heating
system?
• Reacts relatively fast to changes
• Require the least amount of changes
Which rooms are heated? • Ground floor
Class rooms, offices…
• No heating in basement
How much heat? • Use DS 469 as stated in BR15
• Total heat loss calculation according to DS 418
• Design temperatures of θi = 20°C and θe = -12°C
Sizing of the radiators? • Total heat loss for each room
• Temperature set 70/40/20°C
• How many radiators depends on
the layout of the room
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

27. Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality Heating Proposal
Zoning • Building split into similar functions
• Active different parts of the day
• Maintenance work
• 3 zones
Layout of the pipe system • Reusing existing layout
• 2-pipe system
• Horizontal distribution under the ground floor,
connecting to the radiators above.
Pressure calculations • Frictional and local head losses
• PEX pipes
• Sizing based on max. Pa/m
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

28. Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality Heating Proposal
Balancing • Always maintain the desired
indoor temperature
• Load constantly changes
• Radiators outfitted with TRVs
• Dynamic valves (DPCV) on
return of each loop
How to choose a pump? • Total flow
Flow demand
Frictional / Local loss
• 𝑃𝑃,𝑚𝑎𝑥 (Max. allowed energy usage)
Critical route
• Total pressure
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

29. Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality Heating Proposal
Safety equipment • Closed expansion tank with membrane
• Safety valve (6,5 bar)
Final system • Indirect system with heat exchanger
• Room temperature controlled by radiator valves
• Dynamic balancing valve on each loop ensures the
design flow is always available
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

30. Be15 – After renovation
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
Improvements:
• Building envelope upgraded to
BR15 standards
• Infiltration reduced after
optimization of envelope
• Mechanical ventilation system
with heat recovery
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

31. Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
Analyzing the indoor conditions after improving the building:
BSim Simulations – After Renovation
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

32. Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality BSim Simulations – After Renovation
Design Criteria DS/EN/ISO 7730
Thermal Comfort
Atmospheric Comfort – Co2
Design Criteria DS/EN/ISO 15251
Atmospheric Comfort – RH
Design Criteria DS/EN/ISO 15251
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

33. Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Degree°C
Date
Operative Temperature Room 1.13 - Week 45
After Renovation Existing
19
20
21
22
23
24
Degree°C
Date
Operative Temperature Room 1.25 - Week 45
After Renovation Existing
BSim Simulation– Thermal Comfort
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project
Thermal Zone South Room 1.25
Month Hours > 26 Hours > 27
1 (31 days) 0 0
2 (29 days) 0 0
3 (31 days) 0 0
4 (30 days) 9 0
5 (31 days) 8 0
6 (30 days) 4 0
7 (31 days) 51 12
8 (31 days) 42 15
9 (30 days) 32 11
10 (31 days) 10 5
11 (30 days) 0 0
12 (31 days) 0 0
Total Hours 156 43
Overheating during the year, Room 1.25
Thermal Zone South Room 1.25
Week
Hours >
26
Hours >
27
26 22 6
27 15 5
28 15 1
29 1 0
30 2 0
31 23 7
Total
Hours
78 19
Thermal Zone East Room 1.13
Month Hours > 26 Hours > 27
1 (31 days) 0 0
2 (29 days) 0 0
3 (31 days) 0 0
4 (30 days) 0 0
5 (31 days) 0 0
6 (30 days) 0 0
7 (31 days) 2 0
8 (31 days) 0 0
9 (30 days) 0 0
10 (31 days) 0 0
11 (30 days) 0 0
12 (31 days) 0 0
Total Hours 2 0
Overheating during the year, Room 1.13
Thermal Zone East Room 1.13
Week
Hours >
26
Hours >
27
26 0 0
27 2 0
28 0 0
29 0 0
30 0 0
31 0 0
Total
Hours
2 0
78 Hours > 26 °C
24 Hours > 27 °C
<100 Hours
<25 Hours
2 Hours > 26 °C
0 Hours > 27 °C
<100 Hours
<25 Hours

34. Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality BSim Simulation– Atmospheric Comfort
300
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
2100
2300
2500
ppm
Date
CO2 - Room 1.13 - Week 45
After Renovation Existing
300
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
2100
2300
2500
2700
2900
3100
ppm
Date
CO2 - Room 1.25 - Week 45
After Renovation Existing
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
RH(%)
Date
Relative Humidity - Room 1.13 - Week 45
Existing After Renovation
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
RH(%)
Date
Relative Humidity - Room 1.25 - Week 45
After Renovation Existing
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project

35. Economy
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project
Final schematic – Installing heating and Ventilation
• Optimized installation, profitability 0,22
payback time 13 year
• Optimized model, profitability 1,09
payback time 3,2 year
Be15 Class 2015 Class 2020
Total renovated 90,9 KWh/m^2 41,1kWh/m2 25kWh/m2
renovation of Installations only 134,3 KWh/m^2
41,1kWh/m2 25kWh/m2
Energy key Data
2016 175,7 KWh/m^2 41,1kWh/m2 25kWh/m2
2015 165,6 KWh/m^2 41,1kWh/m2 25kWh/m2
2014 156,2 KWh/m^2 41,1kWh/m2 25kWh/m2
2013 181 KWh/m^2 41,1kWh/m2 25kWh/m2
2012 213,3 KWh/m^2 41,1kWh/m2 25kWh/m2
Different comparison

36. Project Conclusion
Education: Building Energy Design
Group: BED 2016 - Group 19
Defending Semester Report – Building Energy Use and Indoor Environmental Quality
1. Group 2-07
2. Introduction
Location
General Info
Project Aim
3. Building registration
Existing Ventilation
Existing Heating
Short term field measurement’s
Long term field measurement’s
4. Model Validation
BE15
BSim
5. Renovation Proposal
Mechanical Ventilation
Heating system proposal
6. Results
BE15 (Energy Frame)
BSim (Indoor Quality)
Economy
7. Conclusion
Project
Energy performance
Energy class 2
Indoor environment
Thermal comfort
• Category B for temperature - 24,5 ֯ C – 22 ֯ C
Atmospheric comfort
• Category A CO2 - 350 PPM
• Category B for relative humidity 60-25%

37. 37