The first MOOC was developed from the open education movement in 2008 in response to a course called "Connectivism and Connective Knowledge". Early MOOCs did not rely on learning management systems and used a mix of open online resources. Universities then began launching their own MOOC courses, some free and accessible online. In 2012, a MOOC was launched to help high school students prepare for the SAT biology subject test. While MOOCs provide open access to courses, concerns have been raised about their ability to reliably provide credentials without the structure of a traditional academic program.

1. MASSIVE ONLINE
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MOOC

2. MOOC

3. The first MOOC came from the open educational resource
movement. The term MOOC was coined in 2008 by Dave
Cormier of the university of prince Edward Island and senior
research fellow Bryan Alexandra of the national institute for the
technology in liberal education in response to a coarse called
connectivism and connection knowledge.

4. Other MOOC
Jim Groom from the university of Mary
Washington of York collage, hosted MOOCs
through several universities. early MOOCs
didn’t rely on posted resources learning
management system and structure that mix
the learning management with more open
resource.

5. Continue…….
O Then other universities launched MOOC
coarse in their universities. Some of the
coarse were free and can be easily accessible
online and many students enrolled reaching
the number 160000 and 2012 MOOC was
launched for high school student for the
preparation for the SAT sub test in test in
Biology. The books were free online but could
not be printed or copied which means they
could be read in class only.

6. Some countries
O In some countries such as Ireland MOOC
was used to provide free/online
certificates/diploma coarse to 2 million
learners worldwide. This became one of
the top 20 E-learning companies in
Europe as judge by an expert.
O

7. South africa
O The University of South Africa (UNISA),
which specialises in learning via
correspondence, celebrated its 140th
anniversary in 2013. In fact, UNISA is the
world’s very first correspondence
university – offering tuition via printed
study guides, audio cassette tapes and,
more recently, online material.

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You could say that South Africa got something of
a head start on MOOCs, offering students top-
notch education with very limited face-to-face
instruction! Other organisations to realise the
value and scope of online education for the
South African context include GetSmarter – an
online education company which partners with
leading educational institutions to offer a variety
of courses.

9. MOOCs assessment method
O The two common methods of MOOC
assessment are machine-graded, multiple
choice quizzes or tests and peer review
written assignment. Peer review is often
based upon simple answers. These rubric
which guide the grader and how many
points awarded in different answers.

10. Moocs reliability
O Cary Nelson, former president of the
American Association of University
Professors claimed that MOOCs are not a
reliable means of supplying credentials,
stating that "It’s fine to put lectures online,
but this plan only degrades degree
programs if it plans to substitute for them."

11. Continue……
O Sandra Schroeder, chair of the Higher
Education Program and Policy Council for
the American Federation of Teachers
expressed concern that "These students
are not likely to succeed without the
structure of a strong and sequenced
academic program."

12. Challenges and criticisms
The MOOC Guide lists 5 possible
challenges for collaborative-style MOOCs:
1.Participants must create their own
content.
2.Digital literacy is necessary.
3.Time and effort required from participants.

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4.It is organic, which means the course will
take on its own trajectory (you have got to
let go).
5.Participants must self-regulate and set
their own goals.

14. Other concerns include:
The 'territorial' nature of MOOCs with little
discussion around:
O 1) who enrols in/completes courses.
O 2) The implications of courses scaling
across country borders, and potential
difficulties with relevance and knowledge
transfer.
O 3) The need for territory-specific study of
locally relevant issues and needs.

15. O Effects on the structure of higher
education were lamented for example by
Moshe Y. Vardi, who finds an "absence of
serious pedagogy in MOOCs", indeed in
all of higher education. He criticized the
format of "short, unsophisticated video
chunks, interleaved with online quizzes,
and accompanied by social
networking."[clarification needed] An
underlying reason is simple cost cutting
pressures, which could hamstring the
higher education industry.

16. O Cary Nelson, former president of the
American Association of University
Professors claimed that MOOCs are not a
reliable means of supplying credentials,
stating that "It’s fine to put lectures online,
but this plan only degrades degree
programs if it plans to substitute for them."

17. O Sandra Schroeder, chair of the Higher
Education Program and Policy Council for
the American Federation of Teachers
expressed concern that "These students
are not likely to succeed without the
structure of a strong and sequenced
academic program."