Mass movement refers to the downhill movement of soil, rocks, or debris influenced by gravity. It includes types such as landslides, mudflows, rockfalls, and soil creep, and is affected by factors like gravity, vegetation, water, and human activity. The effects include loss of biodiversity and fertile soil, and mitigation strategies involve increasing vegetation and controlling water movement.

1. MASS MOVEMENT GRADE 11
BAREKI KGOLAGANO

2. What is mass
movement?
• Mass movement is the downhill or downward movement of soil, rocks, or
debris without chemical change and influenced by gravity on a slope
(Balasubramanian, 2017).

3. 1. Different
types of mass
movement
(Lanser, 2013)
• Landslide
• Mudflow
• Rockfall
• Soil creep

4. 1.1 Soil Creep
• The Soil creep defines the slow mass wasting
process of soil on a slope, under the
influence of gravity.
• An example of slow mass movement.

5. 1.2 Rockfall
• a type of fast-moving landslide that happens
when rock or earth falls, bounces, or rolls
from a cliff or down a very steep slope.

6. 1.3 Mudflow
• a form of mass wasting involving fast-moving
flow of debris that has become liquified by
the addition of water (rainfall).

7. 1.4 Landslide
the movement of rock, earth, or debris down a
sloped section of land.

8. 2. Factors that
influence
mass
movement
(Koirala,
2012).
• Gravity (slope orientation)
• Vegetation
• Water
• Human activity

9. 3. Effects of
mass
movement
(Khanikrar,
2014).
Loss of biodiversity
Low quality of water
Loss of fertile soil

10. 4. Ways to minimise the effects of mass
movement (Tudorgeog, 2009).
Increase Increase the amount of vegetation on the slopes
Stop Stop building infrastructure that weakens slopes
Stop Stop building on steep slopes
Use Use metal fences as a protective measure
Create Create channels to control water movement

11. REFERENCES
Balasubramanian, A. (2017). Mass Wasting Processes. India: University of Mysore. Available from Slideshare
at https://www.slideshare.net/bala1957/mass-wasting-processes (Accessed 20 August 2022).
Khanikrar. (2014). Mass Movement. Available from Slideshare at
https://www.slideshare.net/khanikrar/mass-movement-30650190 (Accessed 20 August 2022).
Koirala, P. (2012). All about mass wasting. Lalitpur: Rato Bangala School. Available from Slideshare at
https://www.slideshare.net/PrasilKoirala/all-about-mass-wasting (Accessed 20 August 2022).
Lanser, J. (2013). Mass Movement. Available from Slideshare at https://www.slideshare.net/jlanser/mass-
movement-28089873 (Accessed 20 August 2022).
Tudorgeog. (2009). Physical Causes And Consequences Of Mass Movement. Available from Slideshare at
https://www.slideshare.net/tudorgeog/physical-causes-and-consequences-of-mass-movement (Accessed 20
August 2022).

12. THANK YOU!