Mass movement, or mass wasting, refers to the downslope movement of surface materials and occurs in various forms under different conditions. The four main types include rockfall, mudflow, landslip, and soil creep, each characterized by distinct processes and triggers. Understanding these categories aids in assessing geological hazards related to slope stability.

1. MASS MOVEMENT
Types of mass movement

2. DEFINING MASS MOVEMENT
•Mass movement, often
called mass wasting, is the
downslope movement of
a mass of surface materials
• Christopherson, et al, (2012).

3. TYPES OF MASS MOVEMENT
Different mass movements occur on slopes
under different conditions. We'll look at four types;
Rockfall, mudflow, landslip and soil creep. Rockfall is
the rapid, free-fall of rock from a steep cliff face. Rock
fragments fall from the face of the cliff because of the
action of gravity. Christopherson, et al, (2012).

4. MUDSLIDE
It is when a lot of wet earth suddenly falls down the side of a hill Torrential rains caused a
massive mudslide (Allison, 1990).
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5. ROCKFALL
A rockfall is a fragment of rock (a block) detached by sliding, toppling, or falling, that
falls along a vertical or sub-vertical cliff, proceeds down slope by bouncing and flying
along ballistic trajectories or by rolling on talus or debris slopes,” (Varnes, 1978).
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6. SOIL CREEPDownhill creep, also known as soil creep or commonly just creep, is the slow
downward progression of rock and soil down a low grade slope; it can also refer to
slow deformation of such materials as a result of prolonged pressure and stress.
(Jahn, 1989.)
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7. LANDSLIP
A landslide is the movement of rock, earth, or debris down a sloped section of
land. Glade et al,( 2006)
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8. REFERENCE LIST• Pictures
- https://tinyurl.com/ybw8up8p
- https://tinyurl.com/y9ne7lna
- https://tinyurl.com/y9z2rk6p
- https://tinyurl.com/y8vokejn
- Glade, T., Anderson, M.G. and Crozier, M.J. eds., 2006. Landslide hazard and risk. John Wiley &
Sons
- Jahn, A., 1989. The soil creep on slopes in different altitudinal and ecological zones of Sudetes
Mountains. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, 71(3-4), pp.161-170.
- Varnes, D.J., 1978. Slope movement types and processes. Special report, 176, pp.11-33.
- Allison, R.J. and Brunsden, D., 1990. Some mudslide movement patterns. Earth Surface Processes
and Landforms, 15(4), pp.297-311.
- Christopherson, R.W., Hall, P. and Thomsen, C.E., 2012. Introduction to Physical
Geography. Montana.Introduction to Physical Geography. Montana.