The document discusses the differences between volcanoes, tectonics, erosion, and landforms on Mars compared to Earth, noting that Mars experiences much slower rates of change than Earth due to not having active plate tectonics. Evidence is presented that Mars once had liquid water on its surface and a molten core, but that it has changed more slowly over time than Earth without plate tectonics driving processes like volcanism and mountain building.

1. Mars versus Earth Today: Erosion Next Unit: Volcanoes Faults and Boundaries Other Landforms Big Ideas: Rates of Change The story of water and carbon

2. Our knowledge of the solar system is changing

3. Space travel is changing

4. Our knowledge of Mars is changing

6. Volcanoes Olympus Mons Largest volcano in solar system

7. Mons vs. Everest

14. Conclusion Martian volcanoes show that Mars has (or once had) a molten core. The shape of Martian volcanoes shows that Mars’ convective layer moves slower than Earth’s. Martian volcanoes do not form in bands. Mars does change, but it changes much more slowly than Earth.

15. Tectonics of Mars Tekton – builder Tectonic theory : the Earth is divided into plates, which are constantly moving Boundary: where two tectonic plates hit each other

16. Mars is scored with faults, caused by tension in its crust. However, the tension in the Martian crust has never been enough to cause it to entirely break

20. Mars The northern hemisphere is uniformly low and smooth Giant volcanoes! Lots of craters! Deep cracks where the crust has broken The same all over Earth Bumpy continents Volcanoes in strings and rings Brand-new rocks, craters have been reprocessed Huge variety of landforms at boundaries

24. Conclusion Unlike Earth, Mars is not covered with moving plates. It once was. Mars does change, but it changes much more slowly than Earth.

25. Water on Mars

29. Deformation Bands of Mars and Earth (precursors of faults) "This study provides a picture of not just surface water erosion, but true groundwater effects widely distributed over the planet," said Suzanne Smrekar, deputy project scientist.

30. Martian pack ice (a) Earth’s Antarctica (b) Counting of craters indicates Martian pole melted 20 million years ago. Liquid water once existed on the surface of Mars.

31. Erosion of Earth and Mars Layered Mesas (and their formation) Mass Wasting Canals: wind or water?

32. Martian Winds

33. "We're seeing what look like smaller sand bedforms on the tops of larger dunes, and, when we zoom in more, a third set of bedforms topping those," said HiRISE co-investigator Nathan Bridges of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. "On Earth, small bedforms can form and change on time scales as short as a day."

34. Mars had liquid water at its surface Mars is subject to dust storms with fantastic winds WHICH IS ERODING THE SURFACE OF MARS????

35. Hebes Chasma: Grand Canyon of Mars

41. Martian Avalanche

43. Essay: The above picture displays an alluvial fan-like structure. What planet is it found on, and how was it formed? Give evidence for your argument.