This document discusses the management of deviated midlines. It notes that differential diagnosis is important to determine the cause of the midline deviation and appropriate treatment. Treatment may involve correcting dental asymmetries through orthodontics or expanding a narrow maxillary arch first if caused by a posterior crossbite. Functional appliances can be used to shift the mandible into the proper position if a skeletal deviation is present. Surgical correction may be needed for true skeletal asymmetries. The goal is to adapt the occlusion and correct dental or facial asymmetries causing the deviated midline.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Andrew’s straight wire appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Ricketts analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Biomechanical principles of orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
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Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Model analysis 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
MBT system in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
Moment to force ratio final presentation /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Hybrid appliances are specifically and individually tailored to exploit the natural processes of growth and development. Such an approach represents a departure from the practice of adopting a "named" appliance for the treatment of a class of malocclusion
Midline shift /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Andrew’s straight wire appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Molar uprighting /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Ricketts analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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Biomechanical principles of orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
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Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Model analysis 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Friction less mechanics in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
MBT system in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
Moment to force ratio final presentation /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Hybrid appliances are specifically and individually tailored to exploit the natural processes of growth and development. Such an approach represents a departure from the practice of adopting a "named" appliance for the treatment of a class of malocclusion
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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Treatment of Mid line Discrepancies & skeletal assymmetries /certified fixed ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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Objective: To differentiate non syndromic pathology that cause facial asymmetry. To understand the effect of unilateral condylar hyperplasy in a growing and non growing individual. Understand the effect of condylar fracture or trauma (impact) to the joint that may affect mandibular growth. To know the diagnostic test and surgical treatment that is recommended.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Facial asymmetry /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Management of facial asymmetries /certified fixed orthodontic courses by I...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Postero anterior cephalometry/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Dentoalveolar compensations /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Malocclusion classification /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Extra oral examination /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Tweed merrifield edgewise. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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3. Introduction
Perfect bilateral symmetry is largely a
theoretical concept that seldom exists in the
living organisms. Asymmetry of the face
and dentition is a naturally occurring
phenomenon.
Relative symmetry and midline
coordination are basic to an appreciation of
facial harmony and balance.www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. Definition
Symmetry is defined as equality or correspondence in forms
of parts distributed around a centre or an axis at the two
extreme pole or on the two opposite sides of the body.
Asymmetry in craniofacial areas can be recognized as
difference in size or relationship of the two sides of the face.
This may be a result of discrepancies in the form of
individual bones or malposition of one or more bones in the
craniofacial complex, or the asymmetry may be confined to
the soft tissue.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. Classification
Sarver evaluates the facial symmetry under the
following reference planes
Nasal tip to the mid sagittal plane
Maxillary dental midline to the mid sagittal plane
Maxillary dental midline to mandibular dental
midline
Mandibular dental midline to mid symphysis
Mid symphysis to the mid sagittal plane
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. Midlines can also be classified as
Dental midline – related to the symmetry of the
dentition of the maxilla and mandible
Functional midline - related to the functions of
the stomatognathic system
Skeletal midline – related to the symmetry of the
osseous structures of the craniofacial region
Soft tissue midline – related to the symmetry of
the soft tissue of the craniofacial regionwww.indiandentalacademy.com
7. Functional midline
Centric relation is the relationship of the mandible
to the cranium when the condyles are in an
orthopaedically stable position. It is the most
retruded position of the condyle.{superoanterior
position}
Centric occlusion is the maximum intercuspation of
the teeth
Postural rest position - the synergistic and the
antagonistic muscular components are in dynamic
equilibrium. The balance is maintained with
minimal basic muscle tonus.www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. Postural rest position
Postural rest position
Myostatic anti stretch
reflex
Permanent
exogenous factors
Gravity Dependent and
altered with the head
positionwww.indiandentalacademy.com
9. Movement of the mandible
During the closing maneuver from the rest position
to the habitual occlusion two phases of the
movement can be observed
The free phase - from the postural rest position to the
point of initial contact or occlusal prematurity
The articular phase - from the initial contact position to
the centric occlusion or habitual occlusal position
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. Laterocclusion
When the occlusal prematurity is present
Midline shift observed only during the centric occlusion
or intercuspation.
During the postural rest position the midlines are
coincident and well centered .
The mandible slides laterally from the rest position into a
cross bite and is caused by the tooth guidance,after the
initial contact of the free phase
LATEROCCLUSION
also called the pseudo cross bitewww.indiandentalacademy.com
11. Mandibular dental midline
coincident with the facial
midline in postural rest position
Mandibular dental
midline shifted to the
right in habitual
occlusion
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. Laterognathy
Midline shift is present in both centric occlusion and
in the postural rest position
This condition is generally seen in the true
asymmetry of the mandible
Functional appliances have poor prognosis
Surgical correction required
LATEROGNATHY
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. Mandibular dental midline not
coincident with the facial
midline in postural rest position
Mandibular dental midline not
coincident with the facial
midline in habitual occlusion
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. Etiology
One of the common etiologic factor for the
deviation of midline, irrespective of the type of the
midline shift is GENETICS – due to the genetic
imperfections in the mechanism which was meant to
create symmetry and environmental factors
producing decided right and left differences
Examples –
multiple neurofibromatosis- familial incidence
associated with dominant gene
Hemifacial microsomia
Cleft lip and palatewww.indiandentalacademy.com
17. Lundstorm classified the etiological factors as
Genetic
Non genetic
combination
Another classification by the same author
Qualitative –
Size of the teeth
Location in the arches
Position of the arches
Quantitative
Differences in the number of teeth on each side or the presence
of cleft lip or palatewww.indiandentalacademy.com
18. Midline diastema
Mesiodens
Generalized spacing
Frenal attachments
Congenital absence of a tooth
Morphological variation of a tooth eg. Microdontia or macrodontia
Asymmetrical exfoliation
Retained deciduous teeth
Early loss of primary teeth
Crowding
Trauma
Habits such as thumb sucking and tongue thrusting
Traumatic occlusion leading to pathological migration
Pathological condition such as cysts
EtiologyDental midline shift
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. The upper right central incisor
has shifted to the right due to the
congenital absence of lateral
incisor
The contact point upper central
incisor do not coincide with the
center of the philtrum
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. Functional midline shift
Neurological disturbances
Disturbances in the tooth – tooth inter relationship
Anterior cross bite
Posterior cross bite
Contracted maxillary arch
Any other occlusal prematurity preventing the smooth
closure from the free phase to the articular phase
Compensation of a skeletal discrepancy
Etiology
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. Skeletal midline shift
Genetics
Local
Trauma
Ankylosis
Damage to nerve – loss
of muscle function and
tone
Pathological state in
the form of cysts and
tumors
Unilateral posterior
edentulous area
Post operative sequale
of orthognathic surgery
Etiology
Temperomandibular
joint
Systemic
Intrauterine pressure
during pregnancy and
significant pressure in the
birth canal
Condylar resorption
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic Lupus
Erythamatosis
Sjogren’s syndrome
Marfan’s syndromewww.indiandentalacademy.com
24. Soft tissue midline shift
Neurological disturbances such as cerebral palsy
and Hemifacial microsomia
Massetric hypertrophy
Trauma
Scars including surgical scars
Dermatomyositis
Neoplasm
Adaptation to the existing skeletal asymmetries
Etiology
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. Diagnosis
Asymmetry of the face is one of the more difficult problems
with which the orthodontists have to contend and which
presents serious diagnostic problems. The recognition of
actual site of asymmetry is essential for correct treatment
planning.
The point at which normal symmetry becomes abnormal
cannot be easily identified and is often identified by the
clinician’s sense of balance and patient’s perception of their
imbalance.
Vig and Hewitt studywww.indiandentalacademy.com
27. History
Patient history is important for the diagnosis, as it
aids in the knowledge of
Exfoliation of the primary teeth
Extractions undergone if any
Trauma
Familial tendencies
Congenital problems
Surgical procedurewww.indiandentalacademy.com
28. Clinical examination
Frontal view evaluation
Nasal tip to mid sagittal plane
Maxillary dental midline to midsagittal plane
Mandibular dental midline to midsagittal plane
Mandibular dental midline to midsymphysis
Midsymphysis to midsagittal plane
Evaluation of dental midline in the
Mouth open
Centric relation
At initial contact
Centric occlusion www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. Other features to be noted during clinical
examination are
Missing and supernumerary teeth
Tooth shape and size
Arch form symmetry
Frenal attachments
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. Advantages
Inexpensive
No exposure to potentially harmful radiation
Better evaluation of the harmony relationship
among the craniofacial structure including the
contribution of muscle and adipose tissue
Readily used to posture the head and face and to
compare these with the relationship existing among
the different craniofacial structureswww.indiandentalacademy.com
34. Occlusograms
1992, JCO, Occlusograms in Orthodontic Treatment Planning -
RICHARD D. FABER,
Lower occlusal tracing
placed over arch
symmetry chart to
establish midline and
perpendicular
reference crosshairs.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
36. Orthopantamogram
Temperomandibular joint can be viewed
Asymmetry of the body or ramus of the mandible
Missing or supernumerary teeth
Pathological condition like cysts and neoplasmwww.indiandentalacademy.com
41. JCO 1982: Orthognathic and Craniofacial Surgical Diagnosis
and Treatment Planning: A Visual Approach. Farhad et al
Horizontal and vertical lines are drawn to indicate areas of
asymmetry. www.indiandentalacademy.com
42. Posteroanterior view
Disadvantages
Midline assessment is difficult
Difficulty in reproducing head posture
Difficulty in identifying landmarks because of
superimposition of structures
Exposure to radiation
www.indiandentalacademy.com
43. Submentovertex (SV)
Berger was the first to suggest the use of SV (problems and
promises of basilar view cephalogram) in orthodontics.
Gibert associated the film cassette parallel to the FH plane
Pearson found exceptional degree of symmetry in the
sphenoid bone
Keith and Campion used sphenoid bone as a fixed reference
in comparing the development of growth of skull
Marmary and associates showed that perpendicular bisector
of a line joining the foramina spinosa was a reliable and
accurate midline
Ritucci and burstone developed the ceph system for the
assessment of craniofacial regionwww.indiandentalacademy.com
48. Basilar multi plane cephalometric analysis
Put forward by Grayson et al 1985, AJO
Developed to facilitate the measurement of the
craniofacial complex from the submento vertex
view.
Basilar view is a two dimensional representation of
a three dimensional object
The cranium can be reconstructed in 3 dimensions
from the basilar view cephalograph by separately
tracing each of the three suggested horizontal plane
www.indiandentalacademy.com
49. Multi View Fluoroscopy
Permits three dimensional analysis of the
oropharyngeal components in motion
Combines the lateral, frontal and basal projection
Contrast medium is used to define the soft tissue
landmarks and to determine their function during the
variety of functions of the stomatognathic system.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
50. Management
Differential diagnosis and appropriate inter arch and
intra arch mechanotherapy is necessary to determine
and correct the midline problem.
Review of literature
Breakspear advocates adapting the occlusion by
‘stoning’- occlusal equilibration. This mode of
treatment allows the settling of occlusion to
function better but not to correct the dental or
facial asymmetry.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
51. Paul Lewis – dental asymmetries are more
commonly seen with class II malocclusion
The correction of mid line caused by the shift of the
mandible or rotation of the mandible is attempted only
after teeth in both arches are put into quite ideal
occlusion.
In midline deviation that occurs with posterior cross
bite,the narrow maxillary arch must be expanded first.
A class II elastic worn from a hook or sliding yoke on
the side towards which the mandible has shifted. A
second elastic is worn across the anterior teeth to swing
or pivot the mandible until midline correction is
achieved. www.indiandentalacademy.com
52. Angle’s treatment modality
. From Angle EH. Malocclusion of the teeth, 1907.
Angle suggests
Class III elastic with
tandem anterior
diagonal elastic in
conjunction with
area expansion for
correction of midline
discrepancies.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
53. Begg mechanotherapy
. From Begg PR, Kesling P. Begg orthodontic
theory and technique, 3rd ed.
Space-closing elastics
and Class II
intermaxillary elastics
applied at start of
second stage of
treatment.
Anterior diagonal
elastics,class II elastics
and class III elastics
and Uprighting springs
(Mollenhaeur) www.indiandentalacademy.com
54. Wick Alexander
Midline is corrected during the finishing stages
¼ inch, 6 ounce elastic ,one end attached to maxillary
lateral bracket and adjacent central bracket. The other end
attached to mandibular lateral incisor bracket on the
opposite side.
In case of class II tendency, a class II elastic is worn and in
class III tendency,class III elastics are worn.
The class II elastic is attached to the maxillary lateral
incisor and mandibular second molar. The two elastics
impart roughly parallel force vectors.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
56. In cases of midline discrepancy in class I buccal
relationship, only the midline elastic is worn, extra class II
or class III elastics are not worn.
Midline elastics are worn during the finishing stages of
active treatment with one exception. In an extraction case
during space closure the midline may be shifted
significantly, during space closure the elastic can be
attached to the closing loops. This will help to control the
direction of space closure, thus improving the midline.
Over correction
Ideal occlusion and midline
www.indiandentalacademy.com
57. Correction of midline in class II subdivision
Suppose class II on right and class I on left, the
midline is generally shifted to the left
To re establish the midline the extraction pattern
would be
Upper arch – left side – second premolar
right side – first premolar
Lower arch - left side – first premolar
right side – second premolar
4 5
5 4
www.indiandentalacademy.com
58. Gianelly
Introduced a biomechanical system with second
order bends to move the teeth distally and create
space for the midline correction
Class II and class III elastics are used to enhance the
couple force systems
Gianelly AA, Paul IA.
A procedure for midline correction. AJO 1970www.indiandentalacademy.com
59. Strang
Double vertical spring loop auxiliary adjusted for the mass
movement of the four incisor teeth to the left. From strang
R, Thompson W. A textbook of orthodontia, 1958.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
60. Source: AJO-DO , 1990 Jun : The midline – diagnosis
and treatment, Jerrold
www.indiandentalacademy.com
61. Profitt
Minor midline discrepancy can be corrected during
the finishing stages
Large discrepancy correction becomes difficult after
the closure of extraction spaces
A correct maxillary midline is more important for
good facial aesthetics and mild mandibular midline
creates no esthetic difficulty
Use of class II or class III elastics bilaterally with a
heavier force on one side
Combination class II and class III elastics
www.indiandentalacademy.com
63. Parallel cross elastics used to correct mild tranverse
discrepancy leading to the lateral mandibular shift
late in the treatment
Anterior diagonal elastics with rectangular arch wire
in the lower arch and a round wire in the upper to
shift the maxillary arch
www.indiandentalacademy.com
64. When midlines are
deviated to the opposite
side,correction
accomplished with
Uprighting springs
Functions are normal
Not healthy from
periodontal point of view
Esthetic results are poor
www.indiandentalacademy.com
78. Careful attention to midline coordination and
attendant facial symmetry helps to achieve
Maximum intercuspation
Normal function with anterior disocclusion and without
any loading of the anteriors
Stability in the finished result
Promotion of anterior dental and facial esthetics
Decreased potential for Temperomandibular joint
dysfunction
www.indiandentalacademy.com
79. Functional midline deviation
The functional midline shift can be corrected
by unlocking the mandible
Removal of the occlusal prematurities
Expansion of the upper arch
Functional appliances
Inter arch elasticswww.indiandentalacademy.com
80. Surgical options
Nasal tip to midsagittal plane
Rhinoplasty
Camouflaging grafting of the tip of and /or the dorsum
Maxillary dental midline
Subapical procedure to rotate midlines
Mandibular dental midline to symphysis
Subapical procedures to rotate the mandible
Mandibular asymmetry{functional mandibular
shift}
Two or three piece maxillary expansion via Le fort I
osteotomy
Surgically assisted maxillary expansionwww.indiandentalacademy.com
81. True mandibular asymmetry
Distraction osteogenesis
Bilateral ramal osteotomies
Camouflage through bone grafting or alloplastic
augmentation
Transverse cant of the maxilla
Maxillo mandibular surgery
Chin asymmetry
Rotational genioplasty
Lateral or vertical movement of chin via inferior border
osteotomy
Camouflage via bone graft,ostectomy or alloplastic
augmentation www.indiandentalacademy.com
82. Soft tissue asymmetry
Augmentation with bone grafts, alloplastic material and
silicone implants to re contour the desired areas of the
face
Muscular stripping
www.indiandentalacademy.com
87. Ajo 1991 Assessment of structural and displacement mandibular asymmetries - Schmid,
Mongini, and Felisio The following conclusions may be drawn:
1. In the growing patient, craniomandibular asymmetry with transverse deviation of
the mandible and the chin, with no genetic or congenital origin and without a
history of trauma, infection, or tumor, is possibly the result of mandibular
displacement consequent to occlusal alterations.
2. If the mandibular displacement is not detected and treated in a timely manner,
adaptive mandibular asymmetry may develop.
3. Depending on the elapsed time between the onset of mandibular displacement
and the examination, the patient can show displacement asymmetry, structural
asymmetry, or a combination of both. The last possibility may be the most frequent
in a population of growing patients.
4. The different patterns of asymmetry can be identified and to some extent
quantified in each patient.
5. Successful treatment during the growing period is possible in some patients. If
the subject remains untreated, asymmetry can become a permanent feature in the
adult.
6. However, mandibular displacement may not be all or even part of the cause of a
craniomandibular dysfunction. In such cases any kind of orthopedic treatment may
be completely or partially ineffective.
7. Because the symmetry in one of the control subjects improved in the absence of
intervention, other factors besides treatment may be responsible for the different
www.indiandentalacademy.com
89. Correction of arch asymmetries as suggested by
Lewis
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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