The document summarizes a study that aimed to determine if malunggay (moringa oleifera) leaves extract can be used as an alternative ink. The researchers created two malunggay extracts, one concentrated and one mixed with pigment. They tested the color, smell, and drying rate of each. The extract mixed with pigment had better qualities - it was black, smelled of malunggay with pigment, and dried faster at 10 seconds. Based on these results, the researchers concluded that malunggay leaves extract has the potential to be used as an alternative ink.

1. Malunggay leaves extract as an
alternative ink
BRIXTER AARON S. BALORAN
RADLEY SEAN C ABBANG
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
GRADE XII-INTEGRITY
LAL-LO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

2. INTRODUCTION/ BACKROUND OF
THE STUDY
 Ink is a liquid or paste that contains pigment or dye and is use to
color a surface to produce an image, text or design. This simple
thing that served a great purpose of keeping tracks, records, and
knowledge.
 A long with the evolution of the world history, the previously
stationary pens and inks is now portable and handy, however, the
components for making these inks have also developed into
chemical that can be harmful to the environment and human use.
 Moringa oleifera or malunggay have been useful for humans in
the field of health. Medicine, and food consumption. This time it
will be benefited as pen ink as an alternative for chemical based
inks.

3. Statement of the problem
 What are the advantages and disadvantages of using malunggay
ink?
 How did the quality of malunggay mixture extract affect the:
2.1 color
2.2 odor
2.3 rate of drying?
 What is the extent utilization of alternative ink as a substitution
of the current production of ink in terms of :
3.1 rate of drying
3.2 color
• The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of alternative ink
using the malunggay leaves. It will determine the advantages and
disadvantages of using alternative ink through malunggay leaves
and relate it in the common production of ink.

4. HYPOTHESIS
 Null hypothesis – the malunggay leaves extract can’t be an
alternative ink.
 Alternative hypothesis - the malunggay leaves extract can be an
alternative ink.

5. Research methodology
Materials
 Mortar and pestle
 Malunggay (MORINGA OLEIFERA) leaves
 Clean Towel
 Strainer
 Empty ball pen containers
 Pigments

6. Procedure
 The gathering of materials needed for the experiment
 Separation of the leaves from the stem of malunggay, about
blank grams of leaves.
 pounding/crushing of the leaves using mortar and pestle
 The filtration of the extract making sure that the extract will be
pure with no trace of tiny bits of its pounded leaves using a clean
towel.
 Improving the quality of the malunggay extract by making its
smell good and its color very green. Two different extract where
treated. One was left concentrated and the other extract was
being added with pigments.
 Application of the malunggay extract in bond paper to determine
on which experiment is the best. One stroke of the pen with the
concentrated extract and one stroke with the extract added with
pigment. The qualities were then measured (texture and intensity
of color) and also the rate of drying was measured using a
stopwatch.

7. COLOR SMELL RATE OF
DRYING
PURE
MALUNGGAY
EAXTRACT
(CONCENTRATE
D)
Deep green Smells like a
malunggay
(malunggay smell
dominated)
18secs.
MALUNGGAY
EXTRACT WITH
PIGMENT
(MIXED)
black Smells like
malunggay with
pigment
10 secs.

8. Discussion:
 6 tbs. of malunggay leaves extract was obtained from 3 grams of
malunggay. The 6 tbs. of malunggay leaves extract was then
divided into two so that it will be subjected to different
treatments. 3tbs. of malunggay extract was not mixed with any
liquid and left concentrated. And the other 3 tbs. of malunggay
leaves extract was mixed with ½ tbs. of pigment. (note: the
researchers has no laboratory apparatus at home that’s why they
preferred to use tablespoon or tbs.) The two different of
malunggay leaves extract were then properly mixed and stirred.
After which, the two different extracts were put in an empty ball
pen container and stroked to a white paper to determine which
extract has the best qualities. The colour, smell, and the rate of
drying was then measured and used as the bases of which
extract has the best qualities (see the table above for the results)
after the experiment, the researcher concluded that the extract
mixed with pigment is the one that possesses the best quality
among the two extracts.

9. Summary:
 The study was conducted to prove and determine the
effectiveness of malunggay leaves ectract as an alternative ink,
we thought of using malunggay leaves extract as an ink we
compared the commercial ink and our alternative ink and we
observed that malunggay leaves extract can be used us a ink.
Conclusion:
 The researcher therefore conclude that it is feasible to use
the malunggay leaves extract as an alternative ink base on the
experiment conducted.
Recommendation:
 The researcher recommends a further study on the other
possible uses of the malunggay leaves extract, so too, is the
other sources of ink (eg. another well-known plant).

10. THANK YOU SO MUCH!
GOD BLESS US ALL!!!