Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures into their individual components. It works by passing a mixture through a stationary material that separates the components at different rates based on properties like size and solubility. This document provides an overview of chromatography, including definitions of key terms like mixture, compound, solution, solute and solvent. It also describes different types of chromatography like liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and paper chromatography. Paper chromatography is demonstrated as an example where ink mixtures travel at different rates up a paper strip when placed in water, separating the different pigment colors.
CSEC Chemistry Review - Mixtures and CompoundsKevin Small
www.knowledgescroll.com
After Viewing This Presentation You Should Be Able to:
Distinguish between pure substances, mixtures and
compounds.
Show examples common mixtures.
Discuss the various separation techniques of mixtures based on the different properties of the components.
Plants absorb light in order to carry out photosynthesis. This light is absorbed by chloroplasts in plant cells. Through photosynthesis, plants synthesize their own food.
Paper chromatography is normally used to separate mixtures of different molecules since capillary action happens and allows the molecules of each pigment to attract to one another and to the paper and thus, move up the paper (“Lab Report On Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis Biology Essay”).
The pigments include Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Xanthophyll, and Carotene.
The Relative Mobility Factor (Rf) value is the distance that the solute traveled divided by the distance the solvent traveled (“Chromatography of Different Colored Leaves: Lab Report”). The distance traveled by the solvent is the line to which the original solution reached when the filter paper was dipped in the solution.
The Rf values can be compared between different plant species to compare the pigments found in them.
CSEC Chemistry Review - Mixtures and CompoundsKevin Small
www.knowledgescroll.com
After Viewing This Presentation You Should Be Able to:
Distinguish between pure substances, mixtures and
compounds.
Show examples common mixtures.
Discuss the various separation techniques of mixtures based on the different properties of the components.
Plants absorb light in order to carry out photosynthesis. This light is absorbed by chloroplasts in plant cells. Through photosynthesis, plants synthesize their own food.
Paper chromatography is normally used to separate mixtures of different molecules since capillary action happens and allows the molecules of each pigment to attract to one another and to the paper and thus, move up the paper (“Lab Report On Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis Biology Essay”).
The pigments include Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Xanthophyll, and Carotene.
The Relative Mobility Factor (Rf) value is the distance that the solute traveled divided by the distance the solvent traveled (“Chromatography of Different Colored Leaves: Lab Report”). The distance traveled by the solvent is the line to which the original solution reached when the filter paper was dipped in the solution.
The Rf values can be compared between different plant species to compare the pigments found in them.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. What is chromatography? We can use chromatography to separate the components of inks and dyes, such as those found in pens, markers, clothing, and even candy shells. Chromatography can also be used to separate the colored pigments in plants. http://members.shaw.ca/vict/chemistry_test3.htm From Wikipedia ... Chromatography (from Greek word for chroma, colour) is the collective term for a family of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures. It involves passing a mixture which contains the analyte through a stationary phase, which separates it from other molecules in the mixture and allows it to be isolated. Which means ... Chromatography is the physical separation of a mixture into its individual components.
3. A few basics ... Mixture – Two or more substances that are mixed together, but not chemically combined. Examples of mixtures ...Air – mixture of gasesBowl of cereal – mixture of cereal and milkSoda pop – mixture of soda syrup, water, and CO2 gasFog –water suspended in airKool-Aid – mixture of water, sugar, and flavor crystals Compounds – Two or more elements that are chemically combined. Examples of compounds ...Salt –Sodium and chlorine combined chemicallyWater –Hydrogen and oxygen combined chemically Carbon Dioxide – Carbon and oxygen combined chemically
4. Solutions Solutions are mixtures in which one substance is dissolved in another. Solutions have two parts: solute and solvent The solute is the substance that is dissolved. The solvent is the substance that does the dissolving Identify the solute and solvent in each solution ... Solubility - A measure of how much of a given substance will dissolve in a liquid. A substance that does not dissolve in water is called insoluble. A substance that does dissolve in water is called soluble.
5. Types of Chromatography Liquid Chromatography is used in the world to test water samples to look for pollution in lakes and rivers. It is used to analyze metal ions and organic compounds in solutions. Liquid chromatography uses liquids which may incorporate insoluble molecules. Gas Chromatography is used in airports to detect bombs and is used is forensics in many different ways. It is used to analyze fibers on a persons body and also analyze blood found at a crime scene. Helium is used to move a gaseous mixture through a column of absorbent material. Thin-layer Chromatography uses an absorbent material on flat glass or plastic plates. It is used to detect pesticide or insecticide residues in food. Thin-layer chromatography is also used in forensics to analyze the dye composition of fibers. Paper Chromatography is one of the most common types of chromatography. It uses a strip of paper and capillary action is used to pull the solvents up through the paper to separate the solutes.
6. Distance pigments traveled RF = Distance water traveled RF Factor Because molecules in ink and other mixtures have different characteristics (such as size and solubility), they travel at different speeds when pulled along a piece of paper by a solvent (water). For example, black ink contains several colors. When the water flows through a word written in black, the molecules of each one of the colors behave differently, resulting in a sort of “rainbow” effect with the colors separating out at different rates. We can determine the RF (or retardation factor) by measuring the distance the pigments traveled up the strip and the distance the water traveled. You will need to calculate the RF for each of the colors that are present in a sample.
7. Pencil Paper Tape – Label with marker Ink Directions Obtain the supplies you’ll need from your teacher. Beaker with a small amount of water Paper strips Pencil Markers for testing Masking tape Timer Cut the strip so that it will be at the correct height – long enough to reach the top level of the water. Write the pen number on the strip using a pencil or permanent marker. Use one of the testing markers to place one line on the paper strip at about ¼ inch from the bottom. You don’t want the ink line to touch the water. Tape the top of the strip to a pencil and hang in the water for 5 minutes. Remove the strip from the water and use a pencil to mark the line between the wet and dry portions of the strip. Use the ruler to make the measurements of each color for RF data and then allow the strip to dry.