The document discusses different types of malnutrition including undernutrition, overnutrition, and obesity. It defines undernutrition as not getting enough of the right foods, overnutrition as eating beyond nutritional needs, and obesity as an excessive amount of body fat. Effects of malnutrition are listed as slow growth, poor school performance, sluggishness, and poor nutrition in adulthood. Macronutrients and micronutrients are defined as the main nutrients from food, with macronutrients being carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and micronutrients being vitamins and minerals needed in small amounts. Micronutrient deficiency is also discussed. Prevention of malnutrition is described as eating a healthy, balanced diet with variety.