In this slide you know about all the risk factor and causes of malaria

1. MALARIA

2. CONTENT
• Introduction of malaria
• Epidemiology
• Definition
• Incubation Period
• Risk Factor
• Mode of Transmission
• Sign & Symptoms

3. • Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Prevention
• Health Education
• Summary
• Conclusion
• Bibliography

4. INTRODUCTION
• Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease
caused by plasmodium.
• Malaria ( Mala – Bad and Aria – Air )
• Vector – Female Anopheles mosquito
• The disease is widespread group of
sporozoans that parasites affect the human
liver and red blood cells.

5. EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Malaria is a Serious Global Health Problem
• Malaria found in about 100 countries in the
world.
• Malaria affecting 400 million people
worldwide.
• Maximum prevalence of malaria is found in
Warm & Humid Environment and mostly seen
in july to november in India.

6. Cont…
• Optimal Temp & Humidity for the Development
of parasite is 20 to 30 F and about 60% Humidity.
• Malaria occurs primarily in tropical and sub
topical regions of Africa, Central and South
America, Asia and oceania.
• It causes 2 million death each year.
• The WHO estimated that in 2010 there were 219
milion cases of malaria resulting 660,000 deaths.

7. Cont..
• About 125 million pregnant women are at risk
of infection each year.
• The majority of cases (65%) occur in children
under 15 years old.
• In 2020 there were an estimated 241 million
cases of malaria worldwide resulting 627,000
deaths.

11. DEFINITION
• Malaria is a life–threatening disease caused
by parasite that are transmitted through the
bites of infected female Anopheles
mosquitoes.
• Malaria can cause you to become paralyzed or
handicapped.

12. Cont…
• There are 4 speices of Malaria parasites:
 Plasmodium Falciparum
 Plasmodium Vivax
 Plasmodium Ovale
 Plasmodium Malariae
 Plasmodium Knowlesi

13. INCUBATION PERIOD
P. Falcipauram 7-14 days
P. Vivax 12-17 days
P. Ovale 9-18 days
P. Malariae 13-40 days

14. RISK FACTOR
• Traveling to area where malaria is common
• Pregnent women
• Children under 5 years of age
• HIV/AIDS patient

16. MODE OF TRANSMISSION

18. Stages of malaria

21. DIAGNOSIS
• Medical History (e.g travel history)
• Physical Examination – hepatomegaly and
spleenmegaly
• M.P (Malaria Parasite) Test
• CBC
• Laboratory:
Thick and thin smears
PCR

23. TREATMENT
 P.Vivax P.Ovale P.Malaria
Chloroquine
+
Primaquine

24. • P.Falciparum
Chloroquine Chloroquine
Resistant areas Senstive areas
Quinine Chloroquine
Mefloquine
Sulfadoxine
Pyrimethamine

25. PREVENTION
• Sleeping under mosquito nets

26. • Stagnant water should be avoided

27. • Using insect repellents
• Covering the limbs

29. HEALTH EDUCATION
• Use of mosquito nets
• Use repllents
• Maintain sanitation

30. SUMMARY
• Introduction of malaria
• Epidemiology
• Definition
• Incubation Period
• Risk Factor
• Mode of Transmission
• Sign & Symptoms

31. • Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Prevention
• Health Education

32. CONCLUSION
• Malaria is a serious life threatening disease leads
to million of deaths.
• Malaria is caused by mosquito-borne parasite, is
present in 102 countries and is responsible for
over 100 million clinical cases and 1 to 2 million
deaths each year.
• Malaris is charcteristed by abdomen or muscles,
chills, fatigue, fever etc.
• It can be controlled by administration of
antimalarial drug and prevention is the main
controller of this.

33. BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOK REFERENCE:
• “GM Veerabhadrappa”, the short textbook of
community health nursing, first edition, jaypee
brothers medical publishers (P) Ltd, volume 1
new delhi; 2016 page no. 179-181
• “Kumari Neelam ”, the textbook of community
helath nursing; third edition, s.vikas and company
medical publishers, new delhi; 2017 page no.
200-204

34. Cont…
• “Manivonnan D Shyamola”, the textbook of
community health nursing, first edition, CBC
publishers & Distribution PVT Ltd, volume 1,
New delhi; 2017, Page no. 200-204

35. NET REFERENCE:
• http://www.slideshare.net/abhilashsharma
• http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/malaria
• http://www.slideshare.net/presentation