This document discusses malaria in Nepal. It provides background on malaria control efforts dating back to 1954. It outlines the main malaria species and their incubation periods. High-risk groups are identified. Global and national malaria scenarios are presented, including Nepal's malaria strategic plan from 2014-2025 with the goal of malaria elimination by 2025. Prevention and control methods like insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying are described. The role of the government in prevention, treatment, surveillance and supply of diagnostics is also summarized.

1. Prepared by : Sabina Shrestha
BPH 3rd year,6th sem (2018)
EIC,Biratnagar,Morang
Province no.1

2. Out Line Of The Presentation
• HISTORY
• INTRODUCTION
• MALARIA SPECIES
• RISK GROUP
• GLOBAL SCENARIO
• NATIONAL SCENARIO
• NEPAL MALARIA STRATEGIC PLAN
• PREVENTION AND CONTROL
• Role of gov

3. HISTORY
• The Malaria Control Project Was First Initiated In Nepal In 1954 With The Support From USAID
• In 1958 ,The National Malaria Eradication Program ,The First National Public Health Program In
The Country Was Launched With The Objectives Of Eradicating Malaria From The Country Within
A Limited Time Period As A Vertical Program.
• Then Eradication Concept Was Reverted To Control Program In 1978.
• Following The Call Of WHO To Revamp The Malaria Control Programs In 1998, Roll Back Malaria
(RBM) Initiative Was Launched To Control Malaria Transmission In Hard-core Forests, Foot-hills,
Inner-terai And Hill River Valleys, Which Accounted For More Than 70% Of The Total Malaria
Cases In The Country
• Long Lasting Insecticidal Treated Net(LLITN) Was Procured And Distributed By EDCD IN 2005
• Government Nepal Has Brought National Malaria Control Strategies Plan In (2007/08 To 2011/12)
• Malaria Strategic Plan Was Revised ;(Nepal Malaria Strategic Plan(2011,2014 To 2016)

4. INTRODUCTION
malaria is a common and life –threatening disease
in many tropical and subtropical.
It is caused by parasites that are transmitted to
people through the bites of infected female anopheles
mosquitoes . And it is preventable and curable .
Occasionally transmission by blood transfusion ,needle
sharing or from mother to fetus.
World malaria day is celebrated in 25th April.

5. Malaria species
• Plasmodium falciparum
• Plasmodium vivax
• Plasmodium malaria
• Plasmodium ovale
p.Vivax is most common in Nepal as well as in world.
p.falciparum is the most prevalent malaria parasite on the
African continent .it is responsible for most related death
globally.

6. Incubation period
Type incubation
P.VIVAX 14 Days
P.FALCIPARUM 12 Days
P.MALARIA 28Days
P.OVALE 17 Days

7. Infants
Children under 5 years of age
Pregnant women
Patients with HIV/AIDS
Non –immune migrants
Mobile populations and travellers.

8. Global scenario
In 2016, There Were 216 Million Cases Of Malaria In 91 Countries,
5 Million More Than The 211 Million Cases Reported In 2015. This
Marks A Return To 2012
Malaria Deaths Reached 445000 In 2016 ,A Similar Number
(446000)to 2015

9. Estimated malaria burden by WHO region on
2016
WHO region Malaria Cases Malaria death
African 194 million 407 000
Americans 875million 650
Eastern
Mediterranean
4.3million 8200
South east Asia 14.6million 27000
Western pacific 1.6million 3300
world 216million 445000

10. Recent scenario of Nepal( annual report 2073/74)
Programme indicator 2071/72 2072/73 2073/74
Malaria blood slide
collection (target vs
achieve)
69 78 77
Malaria slide
examination (collection
vs exam)
126 112 101
Annual blood slide
(examination rate ABER
per 100)
0.75 0.84 0.79
Annual parasite
incidence API per 1000
0.01 0.07 0.08
Clinical malaria cases 20861 10642 3904

11. Nepal malaria strategic plan 2014 -2025
Vision: Malaria-free Nepal in 2025.
Mission: To empower the health staff and the communities at risk of malaria
to contribute towards the vision of malaria-free Nepal in 2026.
Goals: To sustain zero death due to malaria from 2012 onwards.
To reduce the incidence of indigenous malaria cases by 90% by 2018
(relative to 2012)
To reduce no. of VDCs having indigenous malaria cases by 70% by 2018
(relative to 2012)
To receive WHO certification of malaria free status by 2025

12. STRATEGY
The strategy to achieve the targets was identified as follows:
I. to strengthen strategic information for decision making towards
malaria elimination
II. to further reduce malaria transmission and eliminate the foci
wherever feasible
III. to improve quality of and access to early diagnosis and effective
treatment of malaria
IV. to develop and sustain support through advocacy and
communication, from the political leadership and the communities
towards malaria elimination and
V. To strengthen programmatic technical and managerial capacities
towards malaria elimination

13. Prevention And Control Of Malaria
• Insecticide treated mosquito net
• Indoor residual spraying
• Antimalarial drug
• For people travelling to malaria
existing areas should take anti-
malaria before travelling
• Use mosquito repellent
• Stay in well –screened areas at
Nights.

14. Role Of Government
Reducing the incidence of malaria cases in the endemic communities
including the poor ,vulnerable and marginalized group.
Prevention and treatment of vector borne diseases and co-infection.
There is a need for appropriate implementation of a two way referral
system in order to improve the quality standard of health care services.
Training on malaria to all the health worker.
Gov should concern to the vaccine for children against malaria.
Regular surveillance on malaria.
RDT
Regular supply of diagnostic kit and medicine to all health facility.
Prophylactic therapy.i.e chloroquine
Destruction of habitat of mosquito for example malathion spraying