This document provides an overview of the agenda and activities for Day 1 of a workshop on making social innovation work. The morning sessions introduce concepts around behavioural design and science, including how people actually make decisions compared to rational models. After lunch, participants engage in activities to disrupt typical assumptions and generate new ideas, such as considering stereotypes in education and how to challenge normal expectations. The goal is to explore how understanding human behaviour can help design products and services that better support social outcomes.
Collaborating for Complexity: SIUC SynergeticsPeter Jones
Fuller said: “Humanity will overcome complexity through design science.” But we will never 'overcome' complexity. We will navigate it by collaborative design.
But the problem is, we really do not collaborate well. We need more than methods - we need cultural change, and to disrupt the way we think about problem solving.
Design for Social Innovation A Brief OverviewPenny Hagen
This presentation is a quick introduction and overview of Design for Social Innovation, including some local examples. The presentation was developed for students of the Design and Business Major at Auckland University of Technology and aims to help show how design extends and is adapted for the challenges of social innovation - with an emphasis on community involvement, collaboration and ownership of 'design' and 'change'.
Flourishing Societies Framework - DwD Workshop Peter Jones
How might we move or collective thinking and action beyond single-issue social action?
Does it make sense to build our urban worlds and future societies by winning one political issue at a time?
Can we design civic business models for our cities and society?
All social services, determinants of health, and economics are complex and interrelated. So why do we expect any political body or activist group to get it right? Only meaningfully diverse, multi-stakeholder groups can envision the variety of interests and outcomes in complex social systems. In February's Design with Dialogue Peter Jones workshops tools for co-creating civic design proposals.
A significant design challenge of our time is anticipating the relationships of multiple environmental and social problems as a complex system of nonlinear relationships. However, we cannot think about, model or discuss the relationships well, especially in the heat of discussion with deliberative groups and decision making processes. We need not only better engagement and dialogue processes for citizen deliberative problem solving, we require relevant tools.
With the OCADU Strongly Sustainable Business Model Group and with Strategic Foresight & Innovation students we designed a relevant framework from the common language of business model tools, adapted for civic decision models for flourishing cities and settlements.
The Flourishing Cities framework adapts a design tool for strongly sustainable business models as a visual organizer for engaging stakeholders in co-creating normative operational guidance for civic groups, community planners, and local governments. Flourishing can be understood as “to live within an optimal range of human functioning, one that connotes goodness, generativity, growth, and resilience,” or as John Ehrenfeld states it:
“Flourishing is the possibility that human and other life will flourish on this planet forever.”
This visual model enables a participatory mapping of propositions, values, and preferences that might yield significantly better group decisions for sociocultural and ecological development and governance in any planning engagement.
Anticipatory Factors in Dialogic Design ISSS 2016Peter Jones
Applications of the systemic practices of dialogic design (Structured Dialogic Design and it variants) have recently developed and integrated futures and foresight models as anticipatory frameworks for policy and long-term planning situations (Weigand, et al, 2014). We have identified this model of practice as collaborative foresight, reflecting the perspective from practice that futures literacy must be considered an essential complement to multi-stakeholder deliberation where complex and competing interests are considered in planning and decision making. This study proposes approaches to advancement in science and practice that integrate essential properties of collective anticipatory modelling for design decisions.
Scientific principles for dialogic design have been developed and practiced over the course of nearly 50 years of developmental evolution, following Warfield’s (1986) Domain of Science Model (DoSM) and Christakis’ (2006, 2008) research extending the DoSM. One of the key principles in the DoSM refers to the recursive learning necessary to develop systemic practices, a second-order (deutero) learning process as noted in Warfield’s DoSM cycle. The standard model requires warranted claims to be evaluated from their testing in the Arena of real-world practice and reflective learning in order to advance new theory for inclusion in the accepted Corpus (theory supported by accepted evidence).
Recent developments from practice following from advanced design and strategic foresight theory lend support for progressing the models of dialogic design to explicitly entail methods of design and futuring within the historical model of dialogue. The observation driving this proposal can be summarized as “participants in collective designing efforts are likely to fail in their expected outcomes if they do not facilitate the requisite anticipation of future complexity in their domain of action.” Simply put, people will make significantly better plans and policies together if they can develop competency in futures thinking and share their understanding with one another.
Collaborating for Complexity: SIUC SynergeticsPeter Jones
Fuller said: “Humanity will overcome complexity through design science.” But we will never 'overcome' complexity. We will navigate it by collaborative design.
But the problem is, we really do not collaborate well. We need more than methods - we need cultural change, and to disrupt the way we think about problem solving.
Design for Social Innovation A Brief OverviewPenny Hagen
This presentation is a quick introduction and overview of Design for Social Innovation, including some local examples. The presentation was developed for students of the Design and Business Major at Auckland University of Technology and aims to help show how design extends and is adapted for the challenges of social innovation - with an emphasis on community involvement, collaboration and ownership of 'design' and 'change'.
Flourishing Societies Framework - DwD Workshop Peter Jones
How might we move or collective thinking and action beyond single-issue social action?
Does it make sense to build our urban worlds and future societies by winning one political issue at a time?
Can we design civic business models for our cities and society?
All social services, determinants of health, and economics are complex and interrelated. So why do we expect any political body or activist group to get it right? Only meaningfully diverse, multi-stakeholder groups can envision the variety of interests and outcomes in complex social systems. In February's Design with Dialogue Peter Jones workshops tools for co-creating civic design proposals.
A significant design challenge of our time is anticipating the relationships of multiple environmental and social problems as a complex system of nonlinear relationships. However, we cannot think about, model or discuss the relationships well, especially in the heat of discussion with deliberative groups and decision making processes. We need not only better engagement and dialogue processes for citizen deliberative problem solving, we require relevant tools.
With the OCADU Strongly Sustainable Business Model Group and with Strategic Foresight & Innovation students we designed a relevant framework from the common language of business model tools, adapted for civic decision models for flourishing cities and settlements.
The Flourishing Cities framework adapts a design tool for strongly sustainable business models as a visual organizer for engaging stakeholders in co-creating normative operational guidance for civic groups, community planners, and local governments. Flourishing can be understood as “to live within an optimal range of human functioning, one that connotes goodness, generativity, growth, and resilience,” or as John Ehrenfeld states it:
“Flourishing is the possibility that human and other life will flourish on this planet forever.”
This visual model enables a participatory mapping of propositions, values, and preferences that might yield significantly better group decisions for sociocultural and ecological development and governance in any planning engagement.
Anticipatory Factors in Dialogic Design ISSS 2016Peter Jones
Applications of the systemic practices of dialogic design (Structured Dialogic Design and it variants) have recently developed and integrated futures and foresight models as anticipatory frameworks for policy and long-term planning situations (Weigand, et al, 2014). We have identified this model of practice as collaborative foresight, reflecting the perspective from practice that futures literacy must be considered an essential complement to multi-stakeholder deliberation where complex and competing interests are considered in planning and decision making. This study proposes approaches to advancement in science and practice that integrate essential properties of collective anticipatory modelling for design decisions.
Scientific principles for dialogic design have been developed and practiced over the course of nearly 50 years of developmental evolution, following Warfield’s (1986) Domain of Science Model (DoSM) and Christakis’ (2006, 2008) research extending the DoSM. One of the key principles in the DoSM refers to the recursive learning necessary to develop systemic practices, a second-order (deutero) learning process as noted in Warfield’s DoSM cycle. The standard model requires warranted claims to be evaluated from their testing in the Arena of real-world practice and reflective learning in order to advance new theory for inclusion in the accepted Corpus (theory supported by accepted evidence).
Recent developments from practice following from advanced design and strategic foresight theory lend support for progressing the models of dialogic design to explicitly entail methods of design and futuring within the historical model of dialogue. The observation driving this proposal can be summarized as “participants in collective designing efforts are likely to fail in their expected outcomes if they do not facilitate the requisite anticipation of future complexity in their domain of action.” Simply put, people will make significantly better plans and policies together if they can develop competency in futures thinking and share their understanding with one another.
Presenting in partnership with United Way Central Alberta in Red Deer, SiG National Executive Director, Tim Draimin, explores social innovation: what it is, why it is important, and the opportunity for Alberta to become a social innovation leader.
What is the Nudge Theory?
A mixure of beavourial economics, psychology, political theory, marketing and sales. Its the theory that considers how people make decisions – and how others impact them.
Want to change the world but not sure where to begin? This simple guide - The Creative Activist Toolkit - takes you step-by-step through the beginning stages of social innovation and helps you avoid common mistakes. (We will enable downloading when toolkit is finalized - sometime in May 2011.)
Fear causes many people to fail and not pursue their dreams. Happiness and optimism are the tools needed to help overcome fear. Presentation to Touro College Los Angeles, 2015
Leaders need to help people challenge the sacred, challenge the typical ways of thinking. This is a slide show from a talk I gave at Tamarack's Poverty Reduction Summit in May 2015 in Ottawa.
The Flourishing Cities FrameworkSystemic Civil Planning for an Urban Busin...Peter Jones
Workshop at Urban Ecologies 2015. Today’s participatory design workshop is to learn and employ the Flourishing Cities canvas as a system map for designing civil governance processes. The Flourishing Cities framework adapts a design tool for constructing strongly sustainable business models as a visual organizer for engaging stakeholders in co-creating values-centred operational guidance for urban planners and local governments.
This is based on research work developed from OCADU sLab Strongly Sustainable Business Model group as applied to the flourishing of cities and settlements.
Persuasion architectures: Nudging People to do the Right ThingUser Vision
Review of some of the most popular commercial and public sector persuasion methodologies. Plus some reasons why they may not work and some criticisms, and a comparison of how supermarkets persuade us, offline.
Behavioural Meetup: Stuart Church on Darwin to DesignPrime Decision
This presentation from the Behavioural Meetup series explores how concepts and ideas about evolutionary systems can be applied to the way that we understand behaviour, and design products and services.
What can models of evolutionary cooperation tell us about customer relationships and service design? Can there be too much innovation? What lessons can evolutionary processes teach us about design processes?
FUEL is a collaborative forum for leaders, entrepreneurs, creators and engaged citizens to come together and reimagine our collective future.
The FUEL Report is a summary of the ideas and discussions shared at the 2014 FUEL forum, with additional insights drawn from our continuing work in this field.
The report is organized into three broad shifts that frame the conversation: Money to Meaning, Individual to Group, Siloism to Meritocracy.
This booklet contains selected quotes from people around the world who are having positive impact on society through their meanigful career.
Enjoy the inspiration! Share your thoughts and experience.
Social Entrepreneurship - Session for Yemen youth 2015ROWAD Foundation
During this video conference our speaker Joanne will provide us with introduction to Social Entrepreneurship, why Social entrepreneurship is getting high profile today? The process and some tools, and some examples from other countries.
Positive Computing: Technology for Psychological Wellbeing. Includes design for empathy, and affiliative design. Presented at Stanford's Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education (CCARE). Presented with Rafael Calvo (slideshare.net/RafaelACalvo)
Myself and Luis Medeiros moderated a discussion on Clubhouse around the topic of Problem Framing and Reframing, with useful tips on how to write better problem statements, how to ensure you’re solving the right problems, and raise the awareness of decision biases.
I was asked by Geelong College to present on Sustainability. I am not a scientist or climate change expert, so I decided to focus my presentation on the stuff I know best. This is a presentation about learning to make the transition to a more more sustainable lifestyle, business, school community or wahtever. In advance, apologies for the 'clutter' on a few of the slides.
Presenting in partnership with United Way Central Alberta in Red Deer, SiG National Executive Director, Tim Draimin, explores social innovation: what it is, why it is important, and the opportunity for Alberta to become a social innovation leader.
What is the Nudge Theory?
A mixure of beavourial economics, psychology, political theory, marketing and sales. Its the theory that considers how people make decisions – and how others impact them.
Want to change the world but not sure where to begin? This simple guide - The Creative Activist Toolkit - takes you step-by-step through the beginning stages of social innovation and helps you avoid common mistakes. (We will enable downloading when toolkit is finalized - sometime in May 2011.)
Fear causes many people to fail and not pursue their dreams. Happiness and optimism are the tools needed to help overcome fear. Presentation to Touro College Los Angeles, 2015
Leaders need to help people challenge the sacred, challenge the typical ways of thinking. This is a slide show from a talk I gave at Tamarack's Poverty Reduction Summit in May 2015 in Ottawa.
The Flourishing Cities FrameworkSystemic Civil Planning for an Urban Busin...Peter Jones
Workshop at Urban Ecologies 2015. Today’s participatory design workshop is to learn and employ the Flourishing Cities canvas as a system map for designing civil governance processes. The Flourishing Cities framework adapts a design tool for constructing strongly sustainable business models as a visual organizer for engaging stakeholders in co-creating values-centred operational guidance for urban planners and local governments.
This is based on research work developed from OCADU sLab Strongly Sustainable Business Model group as applied to the flourishing of cities and settlements.
Persuasion architectures: Nudging People to do the Right ThingUser Vision
Review of some of the most popular commercial and public sector persuasion methodologies. Plus some reasons why they may not work and some criticisms, and a comparison of how supermarkets persuade us, offline.
Behavioural Meetup: Stuart Church on Darwin to DesignPrime Decision
This presentation from the Behavioural Meetup series explores how concepts and ideas about evolutionary systems can be applied to the way that we understand behaviour, and design products and services.
What can models of evolutionary cooperation tell us about customer relationships and service design? Can there be too much innovation? What lessons can evolutionary processes teach us about design processes?
FUEL is a collaborative forum for leaders, entrepreneurs, creators and engaged citizens to come together and reimagine our collective future.
The FUEL Report is a summary of the ideas and discussions shared at the 2014 FUEL forum, with additional insights drawn from our continuing work in this field.
The report is organized into three broad shifts that frame the conversation: Money to Meaning, Individual to Group, Siloism to Meritocracy.
This booklet contains selected quotes from people around the world who are having positive impact on society through their meanigful career.
Enjoy the inspiration! Share your thoughts and experience.
Social Entrepreneurship - Session for Yemen youth 2015ROWAD Foundation
During this video conference our speaker Joanne will provide us with introduction to Social Entrepreneurship, why Social entrepreneurship is getting high profile today? The process and some tools, and some examples from other countries.
Positive Computing: Technology for Psychological Wellbeing. Includes design for empathy, and affiliative design. Presented at Stanford's Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education (CCARE). Presented with Rafael Calvo (slideshare.net/RafaelACalvo)
Myself and Luis Medeiros moderated a discussion on Clubhouse around the topic of Problem Framing and Reframing, with useful tips on how to write better problem statements, how to ensure you’re solving the right problems, and raise the awareness of decision biases.
I was asked by Geelong College to present on Sustainability. I am not a scientist or climate change expert, so I decided to focus my presentation on the stuff I know best. This is a presentation about learning to make the transition to a more more sustainable lifestyle, business, school community or wahtever. In advance, apologies for the 'clutter' on a few of the slides.
Complexity, Collaboration and UnconferencingGeoff Brown
I was asked by Geelong College to present on Sustainability. I am not a scientist or climate change expert, so I decided to focus my presentation on the stuff I know best. This is a presentation about learning to make the transition to a more more sustainable lifestyle, business, school community or whatever. In advance, apologies for the 'clutter' on a few of the slides.
Contemporary Theories in Design Research
Master Program of Innovation and Design,Department of Industrial Design,National Taipei University of Technology
Design Thinking: Finding Problems Worth Solving In HealthAdam Connor
Ideas for new devices and services can come from anywhere. But great ideas come from aligning solutions with real value and desirability for people. Design thinking provides a set of principles and structure that can act as scaffolding for teams to find and understand challenges and opportunities to focus on fan find solutions for.
This topic shows the importance of problem solving, and why do we need a problem solving mind. It also shows how to solve problems through 4 steps, using creative tools & techniques to define the problem, generate alternatives, analyze alternatives and taking action.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
2. Day 1
09.30-10.00 Welcome and introductions
10.00-10.30 Behavioural design and social action
10.30-11.30 The importance of behavioural science
11.30-12.00 Break
12.00-13.00 The power of design
13.00-14.00 Activity: Disruptive hypotheses
14.00-15.00 Lunch
15.00-16.30 Activity: Ideas for the future
3. Hopes and fears
What are you most interested in?
What are you apprehensive about?
7. Behavioural science is a young field built on
a strong scientific heritage. It is broadly the
study of behaviour, seeking to understand
human choices and wellbeing by drawing on
insights and methods from psychology,
economics and neuroscience.
8. Behavioural science
Ask why?
Challenge assumptions
Avoid self-report
Experiment
The basic principles from
which a product or service
can be better designed.
Design thinking
Ask who?
Challenge the brief
Observe
Prototype ideas
Products and services that
guide and support, or help
people help themselves.
9.
10.
11. Ball: $0.10
Bat: $1.00
Total: $1.10
Ball: $0.05
Bat: $1.05
Total: $1.10
A bat and ball cost $1.10.
The bat costs one dollar more than the ball.
How much does the ball cost?
Kahneman and Frederick (2002)
13. Information alone is not enough
The standard approach
Complex problems are due to a lack of
awareness, skills or will to change.
• Behaviours believed to be due to active
decisions.
• We compute intentions from actions.
• Solutions focus on raising awareness,
offering incentives or threatening sanctions.
16. “Just saying ‘No’ prevents teenage
pregnancy the way ‘Have a nice day’ cures
chronic depression.”
Faye Wattleton
Past President, Planned Parenthood
Conference speech, Seattle (1988)
17. Move beyond the message
A different approach
Complex problems are due to a number of uncertain
economic, environmental and psychological causes.
• Explore what people really need, want and desire.
• Understand why they behave the way they do.
• Use the design of products, services and places to
support them in realising their good intentions.
20. “The choice as I saw it was to go back to
sleeping in a bus station or do whatever it
took do avoid getting my head caved in by
raptor-eyed sociopaths. I had a choice, but
it wasn't much of a choice. In the same
situation, are you sure you know what
you'd do?”
Byron Vincent
Poet
Escape from the Sink Estate, BBC News (2014)
21. Models of decision making
Normative models
How we should ideally
reason and make
decisions.
• Task of philosophers.
• Rational choice theory.
Descriptive models
How people actually
think and make
decisions.
• Task of psychologists.
• Dual process models.
22. Standard decision framework
Acts
Options that someone must choose
between (walk or get the bus).
States
Possible states of the world (the
weather).
Outcomes
Possible consequences of each option
given each possible state (your mood).
23. State of the world
Option Sun Rain
Walk Feel happy Get wet
Bus Feel regret Stay dry
24. Rational choice theory
1. Assign probabilities to possible states (how
likely is is that it will rain?).
2. Assign utilities to outcomes (give your
different moods a number).
3. Calculate and sum Probability x Utility for all
possible outcomes of each act.
4. Choose act that maximises expected utility.
25. State of the world
Option Sun (p=0.5) Rain (p=0.5)
Walk Feel happy
+100
Get wet
-10
Bus Feel regret
-10
Stay dry
+5
26. State of the world
Option Sun (p=0.5) Rain (p=0.5)
Walk 0.5 x 100 = 50 0.5 x -10 = -5
Bus 0.5 x -10 = -5 0.5 x 5 = 2.5
50 - 5 = 45
-5 + 2.5 = -2.5
30. “Boundedly rational agents experience
limits in formulating and solving complex
problems and in processing (receiving,
storing, retrieving, transmitting)
information.”
Herbert Simon
Economist, psychologist, computer scientist
Simon (1982)
31. Models of decision making
Normative models
How we should ideally
reason and make
decisions.
• Task of philosophers.
• Rational choice theory.
Descriptive models
How people actually
think and make
decisions.
• Task of psychologists.
• Dual process models.
32. Dual process models
System 1
Intuitive
Heuristic
Associative
Fast
Effortless (automatic)
Unconscious
Implicit
Inaccessible to verbal
report
System 2
Analytic
Rule-based
Deliberative
Slow
Effortful
Conscious
Explicit
Accessible to verbal
report
Sloman (1996), Kahneman (2002)
33. Heuristics
Simple, efficient rules which people often
use to form judgments and make decisions.
Biases
Patterns of deviation in judgment, whereby
inferences about other people and situations
may be drawn in an illogical fashion.
Simon (1982), Kahneman and Tversky (1974)
34. Endowment effect
Method
• Three groups of subjects, A, B, C.
• A offered pen (worth about £5).
• B offered mug (worth about £5).
• C offered choice between mug and pen.
• Group A and B are offered the opportunity to exchange mug or pen.
Result
• 50% of C choose mug or pen.
• More than 80% of A and B decline exchange.
Interpretations
• Losses are given more weight than gains (loss aversion).
• People put more value on things they own (endowment effect).
(Example of non-standard preferences)
Knetsch (1989)
35. Overconfidence
Method
We would like to know about what you think about how safely you drive an
automobile. All drivers are not equally safe drivers. We want you to compare
your own skill to the skills of the other people in this experiment. By definition,
there is a least safe and a most safe driver in this room. We want you to
indicate your own estimated position in this experimental group. Of course, this
is a difficult question because you do not know all the people gathered here
today, much less how safely they drive. But please make the most accurate
estimate you can. (Rate on a scale of 1 – 10).
Svenson (1981)
Result
• 93 percent of subjects rated their driving skill as above the median.
Interpretation
• There was a strong tendency to believe oneself as safer and more skillful
than the average driver.
(Example of non-standard beliefs)
37. Fast and frugal heuristics
Using heuristics in a way that is principally
accurate and thus eliminating most cognitive
bias (focus on effectiveness not failure).
Gigerenzer (2000)
38. Types of rationality
Instrumental
rationality
We perform actions in
accordance with our
goals, adhering to a
normative theory.
Ecological
rationality
We are well designed
for solving the
adaptive problems
our ancestors faced.
44. “One should describe design as a plan for
arranging elements to accomplish a
particular purpose.”
Charles Eames
Designer
Q&A with Charles Eames / Mdm L Amic (1972)
47. “Design thinking is a human-centred
approach to innovation that draws from
the designer’s toolkit to integrate the needs
of people, the possibilities of technology,
and the requirements for business success.”
Tim Brown
CEO of IDEO
IDEO
51. “Designers resist the temptation to jump immediately to a
solution to the stated problem. Instead, they first spend
time determining what the basic, fundamental (root) issue
is that needs to be addressed. They don't try to search for a
solution until they have determined the real problem, and
even then, instead of solving that problem, they stop to
consider a wide range of potential solutions. Only then
will they finally converge upon their proposal. This
process is called Design Thinking.”
Donald Norman
Psychologist, designer
Rethinking Design Thinking, Core77 (2013)
59. Why be people centred?
• Don’t create ideas in a vacuum.
• Seek to understand people’s wants and
needs by understanding reality.
• Observing people in context up close can
reveal new opportunities.
66. Why visualise?
• Working visually makes things simpler
• Making things simpler aids
communication.
• Communication is key to developing ideas
and innovating quicker and more
successfully.
73. Why prototype?
• Testing an idea early helps manage risk.
• Quick and cheap mock-ups provide early
feedback and can save money.
• Almost anything can be prototyped before big
investments are made.
• Encourages smart failure.
81. Activity
What is the opposite of the current
expectation?
Where are there opportunities/ideas to
challenge what’s normal?
Editor's Notes
Norman, D. (2013). The design of everyday things: Revised and expanded edition. Basic Books (AZ).
Adam Smith (L), Daniel Kahneman (R)
Kahneman, D., & Frederick, S. (2002). Representativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment. Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment, 49-81.
Petrosino, A., Turpin-Petrosino, C., & Buehler, J. (2003). Scared Straight and other juvenile awareness programs for preventing juvenile delinquency: A systematic review of the randomized experimental evidence. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 589(1), 41-62.
Koehler, D. J., & Harvey, N. (Eds.). (2008). Blackwell handbook of judgment and decision making. John Wiley & Sons.
Simons, D. J., & Chabris, C. F. (1999). Gorillas in our midst: Sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events. Perception, 28(9), 1059-1074.
Simon, H. A. (1982). Models of bounded rationality: Empirically grounded economic reason (Vol. 3). MIT press.
Sloman, S. A. (1996). The empirical case for two systems of reasoning. Psychological bulletin, 119(1), 3.
Kahneman, D. (2002). Maps of bounded rationality: A perspective on intuitive judgment and choice. Nobel prize lecture, 8, 351-401.
Simon, H. A. (1982). Models of bounded rationality: Empirically grounded economic reason (Vol. 3). MIT press.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. science, 185(4157), 1124-1131.
Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Macmillan.
Knetsch, J. L. (1989). The endowment effect and evidence of nonreversible indifference curves. The american Economic review, 1277-1284.
Svenson, O. (1981). Are we all less risky and more skillful than our fellow drivers?. Acta psychologica, 47(2), 143-148.
Asch, S. E. (1951). Effects of group pressure upon the modification and distortion of judgments. Groups, leadership, and men. S, 222-236.
Gigerenzer, G., Todd, P. M., & ABC Research Group, T. (1999). Simple heuristics that make us smart. Oxford University Press.
Danziger, S., Levav, J., & Avnaim-Pesso, L. (2011). Extraneous factors in judicial decisions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(17), 6889-6892.