M.a.jinnah and the origin of pakistan
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This document provides biographical details and the political career of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, known as the founder and first Governor General of Pakistan. It describes his early life and education in Karachi and England. As a politician, Jinnah started as a secular leader of the Indian National Congress but later came to advocate for Muslim separatism and the creation of Pakistan. The document outlines key events such as the Lahore Resolution of 1940 where the Muslim League formally demanded the creation of Pakistan, and the final acceptance of partition of India by the Mountbatten Plan of 1947, leading to the establishment of Pakistan.
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Quaid e azam muhammad ali jinnah
Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born on December 25th in Karachi and was a lawyer and politician who founded Pakistan. He was the first Governor General of Pakistan and is known as the "Father of the Nation". Jinnah received a primary education in Sindh and then attended Christian Mission high school before being apprenticed in London. He had a successful career as a lawyer in Bombay high court but also became increasingly involved in politics as a leader of the Muslim League who advocated for separate electorates and eventually the establishment of Pakistan as an independent homeland for Indian Muslims. Jinnah served as the first Governor General of Pakistan after it gained independence in 1947 before his death in 1948.
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Quaid e azam muhammad ali jinnah
Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a prominent lawyer and politician who served as the founder and first Governor-General of Pakistan. He was born in 1876 in Karachi and received his early education locally before studying law in London. Jinnah had a long political career, joining the Indian National Congress in the late 1890s and advocating for Hindu-Muslim unity. However, he eventually came to believe that Muslims in India needed their own homeland and became the leading figure in Pakistan's independence movement. Jinnah worked tirelessly for the cause of Pakistan before the new country achieved independence in 1947, though his health was declining due to tuberculosis. He passed away in 1948 and is buried in Karachi.
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The All India Muslim League was formed in 1906 in response to several issues:
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2) Hindu sectarian parties from the 18th century propagated that India was only for Hindus, threatening Muslims.
3) The Arya Samaj organization's calls in 1883 to stop Muslims from sacrificing cows put religious unity at risk for Muslims.
4) The Indian National Congress claimed in 1885 to represent all Indian groups, downplaying Muslim concerns.
5) The success of the Simla delegation of Muslims in 1905 that secured rights from the Viceroy boosted political awareness and confidence in
Ppt all india muslim league
Allama Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah played key roles in the establishment of Pakistan. Iqbal advocated for a separate Muslim homeland and is considered the ideological founder of Pakistan. Though he did not explicitly use the term "Pakistan", his 1930 Allahabad address demanded a separate state for Indian Muslims. Jinnah initially joined the Indian National Congress but later became a leader in the All India Muslim League, recognizing religious and cultural differences between Hindus and Muslims. He argued that Hindus and Muslims constituted separate nations and demanded the establishment of Pakistan as a homeland for Muslims where they could govern themselves according to Islamic principles. The All India Muslim League was founded in 1906 to represent and safeguard Muslim political interests against Hindu domination in British India.
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- Known as ‘Quaid-I Azam’ or ‘Great Leader’
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Quaid e azam muhammad ali jinnah
Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born on December 25th in Karachi and was a lawyer and politician who founded Pakistan. He was the first Governor General of Pakistan and is known as the "Father of the Nation". Jinnah received a primary education in Sindh and then attended Christian Mission high school before being apprenticed in London. He had a successful career as a lawyer in Bombay high court but also became increasingly involved in politics as a leader of the Muslim League who advocated for separate electorates and eventually the establishment of Pakistan as an independent homeland for Indian Muslims. Jinnah served as the first Governor General of Pakistan after it gained independence in 1947 before his death in 1948.
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Quaid e azam muhammad ali jinnah
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The All India Muslim League was formed in 1906 in response to several issues:
1) The Urdu-Hindi conflict of 1867 highlighted the need to protect Muslim interests like the Urdu language.
2) Hindu sectarian parties from the 18th century propagated that India was only for Hindus, threatening Muslims.
3) The Arya Samaj organization's calls in 1883 to stop Muslims from sacrificing cows put religious unity at risk for Muslims.
4) The Indian National Congress claimed in 1885 to represent all Indian groups, downplaying Muslim concerns.
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Ppt all india muslim league
Allama Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah played key roles in the establishment of Pakistan. Iqbal advocated for a separate Muslim homeland and is considered the ideological founder of Pakistan. Though he did not explicitly use the term "Pakistan", his 1930 Allahabad address demanded a separate state for Indian Muslims. Jinnah initially joined the Indian National Congress but later became a leader in the All India Muslim League, recognizing religious and cultural differences between Hindus and Muslims. He argued that Hindus and Muslims constituted separate nations and demanded the establishment of Pakistan as a homeland for Muslims where they could govern themselves according to Islamic principles. The All India Muslim League was founded in 1906 to represent and safeguard Muslim political interests against Hindu domination in British India.
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The document summarizes key events in the history of the All India Muslim League from its founding in 1906 to 1947:
- The Muslim League was established in 1906 in Dhaka to protect Muslim political interests in British India. Muhammad Ali Jinnah joined in 1913 and played a key role thereafter.
- Important early resolutions protested discrimination against Indians in South Africa and ended indentured labor. Allama Iqbal's 1930 Allahabad address advocated for a separate Muslim state in Northwest India.
- Jinnah was elected president in 1934 and reorganized the League, emphasizing that independence must protect minorities. His 1935 Aligarh speech united Muslims against the perceived threat from the Indian National Congress.
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The Lahore Resolution was passed on March 23, 1940 during the annual meeting of the All-India Muslim League. It called for independent states for Muslims in India's northwest and eastern zones. This was an important milestone as it set the goal of creating Pakistan, united Indian Muslims behind the Muslim League, and elevated Muhammad Ali Jinnah as an international leader representing Muslims. The resolution faced opposition from the Indian National Congress but gained widespread support from Muslims.
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3) Any province would be free to remain independent of the union.
4) Britain would sign a treaty with India on important subjects.
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This document outlines the 30 lectures of a Pakistan Studies course, covering topics such as:
- The ideology of Pakistan according to Quaid-e-Azam and Allama Iqbal
- The Aligarh Movement and contributions of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
- Major political developments from 1857-1918 and the Khilafat Movement
- Muslim politics in British India from 1924-1935 and Iqbal's 1930 presidential address
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- Constitution making from 1947-1956 and an overview of Pakistan's political history
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The document summarizes key events in the history of the All India Muslim League from its founding in 1906 to 1947:
- The Muslim League was established in 1906 in Dhaka to protect Muslim political interests in British India. Muhammad Ali Jinnah joined in 1913 and played a key role thereafter.
- Important early resolutions protested discrimination against Indians in South Africa and ended indentured labor. Allama Iqbal's 1930 Allahabad address advocated for a separate Muslim state in Northwest India.
- Jinnah was elected president in 1934 and reorganized the League, emphasizing that independence must protect minorities. His 1935 Aligarh speech united Muslims against the perceived threat from the Indian National Congress.
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The Lahore Resolution was passed on March 23, 1940 during the annual meeting of the All-India Muslim League. It called for independent states for Muslims in India's northwest and eastern zones. This was an important milestone as it set the goal of creating Pakistan, united Indian Muslims behind the Muslim League, and elevated Muhammad Ali Jinnah as an international leader representing Muslims. The resolution faced opposition from the Indian National Congress but gained widespread support from Muslims.
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The Simon Commission was appointed in 1927 by the British government to review the working of the 1919 Government of India Act and propose constitutional reforms. It was boycotted by the Indian National Congress and Muslim League as it did not include any Indian representatives. The commission submitted its report in 1930 which rejected responsible government and did not satisfy Indian political demands. This led to the civil disobedience movement launched by Gandhi and further negotiations through the Round Table Conferences in the 1930s.
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The All-India Muslim League was established in 1906 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was founded to advocate for the political rights of Muslims in British India and was led by Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk as its first honorary president. The Muslim League aimed to discuss and address the social issues facing Muslims and request a greater role for locals in government administration. Muhammad Ali Jinnah later joined the Muslim League in 1913 and became its president in 1916.
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The All-India Muslim League was established in 1906 in Dhaka, Bangladesh to safeguard Muslim interests and convey their demands to the British government. It aimed to promote brotherhood between India's different nations. Key events for the Muslim League included the Lucknow Pact of 1916, the Simon Commission of 1927, Jinnah's Fourteen Points of 1929, and Iqbal's Allahabad Address of 1930. Muhammad Ali Jinnah joined in 1913 and later advocated for the two-nation theory, while Iqbal also joined and supported the idea of a separate Muslim nationhood. The Muslim League held several meetings between 1907-1916 to discuss its constitution and objectives.
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Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a great leader who founded Pakistan. He was born in Karachi in 1876 and fought for independence from Britain. As the founder of Pakistan, he helped establish the new nation in 1947 and became its first Governor General. Jinnah worked tirelessly for Muslim independence and created Pakistan as a homeland for Indian Muslims through his leadership of the Muslim League. He is revered as the founder of Pakistan.
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The document summarizes the historic struggle for Pakistan between 1857-1947. It outlines key events and movements that led to the establishment of Pakistan as an independent state, including the War of Independence in 1857, the work of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan to rehabilitate Muslims after the war, anti-Muslim movements and policies, the establishment of the All India Muslim League, the Pakistan Resolution of 1940, and the division of British India into India and Pakistan in 1947. It provides context around the ideological basis for Pakistan as a separate homeland for Muslims of South Asia.
Lucknow pact
The Lucknow Pact of 1916 saw the Muslim League and Indian National Congress agree to cooperate in demanding self-rule from the British. The pact conceded that Muslims were a separate nation and guaranteed seats for minority religious groups in provincial legislatures. Muhammad Ali Jinnah negotiated the pact and was hailed as the "Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity." Meanwhile, the Khilafat Movement sought to maintain the status of the Ottoman Caliph and protect Muslim holy sites after World War I, uniting Muslims and Congress. Though it failed to achieve its goals and ended with communal violence, the movement politically awakened Muslims and eroded trust in both the British and Hindus.
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Shimla depution
The Shimla Delegation was formed in 1906 under the leadership of Sir Agha Khan. It comprised 35 prominent Muslim leaders who met with the Viceroy to demand separate electorates, a share of government service positions, and representation for Muslims in the senate, syndicate of universities, and as judges and in the executive council. The Viceroy, Lord Minto, acknowledged the injustices faced by Muslims and agreed to consider their demands and recommendations as part of the constitutional reforms being implemented in India. The Shimla Delegation helped lay the foundation for the Pakistan movement by securing political and educational rights and representation for Indian Muslims.
Zia ul Haq
General Zia-ul-Haq suspended Pakistan's constitution and instituted martial law after overthrowing Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in a 1977 coup. During his rule from 1977 to 1988, Zia introduced policies of Islamization, including stricter Islamic laws and increased emphasis on religion in education. He legitimized his power through a referendum and elections in 1985. Zia also strengthened Pakistan's ties with the U.S. and Saudi Arabia by supporting the mujahideen against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. However, his Islamization policies faced opposition, and unrest grew in Sindh and Balochistan. Zia ultimately died in a mysterious plane crash in 1988.
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The Lucknow Pact of 1916 saw the Muslim League and Indian National Congress agree to cooperate on self-government for India. They agreed that Muslims would receive one-third representation in government and separate electorates would be adopted for communities. Other terms included adopting a system of weighted representation, increasing the size of the central legislative council, setting its term to five years, and ensuring half the members of the imperial legislative council were Indian. This pact helped bring the two major Indian organizations together on the path towards self-rule.
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The document summarizes the British government's proposals for India in 1942 known as the Stafford Cripps Mission. The key points were:
1) A constituent assembly would be established at the end of World War II to draft a constitution.
2) The assembly would be elected by the lower houses of provincial legislative assemblies.
3) Any province would be free to remain independent of the union.
4) Britain would sign a treaty with India on important subjects.
5) States would have the power to revise treaty arrangements.
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- The ideology of Pakistan according to Quaid-e-Azam and Allama Iqbal
- The Aligarh Movement and contributions of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
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The Great Leader M A Jinnah
Muhammad Ali Jinnah was an enigmatic and important personality in India's independence movement. He was the founder of Pakistan and displayed great courage and principles as the head of the new state. Jinnah overcame opposition to reach his goals of creating a separate homeland for Muslims, demonstrating that true greatness is measured by what one overcomes, not just what they accomplish.
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Malik Khizr Hayat Tiwana
Khizr Hayat Tiwana was the last Prime Minister of the Punjab province in British India, serving from 1942 to 1947. He belonged to the influential Tiwana family and was initially opposed to the Pakistan movement led by the Muslim League. However, as support for the League and the idea of a separate Muslim state grew, he was forced to resign in 1947 to make way for the League to form a government. The document provides background on his family, career supporting his father and as Minister of Public Works, and relations with Muslim League leader Jinnah as they disagreed over the future of the Punjab region.
STRUGGLE FOR PAKISTAN AFTER INDIAN REVOLT
The document summarizes important political events in India between the First War of Independence in 1857 and the establishment of Pakistan in 1947. It describes how Muslims suffered after the war, the Aligarh movement led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan to reform Muslim education, the Simla Deputation which advocated for separate electorates, the formation of the All India Muslim League in 1906, the Lucknow Pact between the Congress and Muslim League in 1916, and Jinnah's Fourteen Points in response to the Nehru Report. It also discusses the Government of India Act 1935, the success of the Muslim League in the 1937 elections, the Congress ministries which pursued policies harmful to Muslims, and ultimately the passage of the Pakistan Resolution
Quaid e azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.pptx
Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a prominent leader who led the movement for a separate Muslim state of Pakistan. He joined politics in 1905 and initially believed in Hindu-Muslim unity, working to negotiate agreements between the Congress party and Muslim League. However, he grew disillusioned as the Congress proposals failed to address Muslim political demands. Jinnah reorganized the Muslim League in the 1930s and advocated strongly for the partition of British India and creation of Pakistan. Through negotiations, Pakistan was established as an independent nation in 1947, and Jinnah was selected as its first Governor General. In his last message on August 14, 1948, he urged the new nation to build quickly before passing away on September 11, 1948.
Jinnah: Creator of Pakistan by Hector Bolitho
This document provides a summary of the biography "Jinnah creator of Pakistan" by Hector Bolitho. It discusses Jinnah's early life and career as a lawyer before entering politics. As a politician, Jinnah initially joined the Indian National Congress but later grew disillusioned with their stance and helped establish the All India Muslim League. The document outlines Jinnah's political activities and increasing role in advocating for Muslim political rights, which ultimately led to the creation of Pakistan. It provides context on the political situation in India and Jinnah's pivotal role in the independence movement.
Critical-Analysis-of-Political-Developments-1930-1947.pptx
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Poverty is a multifaceted social issue characterized by the lack of sufficient resources needed to meet basic human needs, such as food, shelter, education, and healthcare. It is a global phenomenon affecting millions of people across the world, regardless of geographic location, race, or culture. Poverty can manifest in various forms, including absolute poverty, where individuals lack the basic necessities for survival, and relative poverty, which refers to the inability to maintain the standard of living common in a particular society.
Several factors contribute to the perpetuation of poverty, including unequal distribution of wealth, limited access to education and employment opportunities, inadequate healthcare services, political instability, environmental degradation, and systemic discrimination based on factors such as gender, ethnicity, or disability.
The consequences of poverty are far-reaching and severe, impacting individuals, families, and communities. It undermines human dignity, restricts opportunities for social mobility, and exacerbates inequalities. Poverty often leads to malnutrition, poor health outcomes, inadequate housing, limited access to education, and increased vulnerability to exploitation and violence.
Efforts to alleviate poverty require a comprehensive approach involving government policies, social programs, economic empowerment initiatives, and community-based interventions. Addressing poverty involves strategies aimed at promoting inclusive economic growth, ensuring equitable distribution of resources, improving access to education and healthcare, empowering marginalized communities, and fostering sustainable development practices.
Despite ongoing efforts, poverty remains a persistent challenge worldwide, necessitating continued commitment and collaboration across sectors to
Partition of Punjab
a look at events leading to and the aftermath of three different partitions of Punjab after the emergence of British rule
PARTITION OF PUNJAB
The document summarizes the history of partitions in the Punjab region of South Asia after the establishment of British rule. It discusses three major partitions:
1. The formation of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) in 1901, which separated Pashto-speaking districts from Punjab province.
2. The partition of British India in 1947 which divided Punjab between newly-independent India and Pakistan.
3. The division of Punjab in 1964 which created the states of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.
For each partition, it outlines the events leading up to the partition, the process undertaken, and the aftermath. It provides historical context on the establishment of British Punjab and the various administrative changes that
sikander-jinnah pact
1) Sir Sikander Hayat Khan was a prominent Muslim leader from Punjab who was educated in Aligarh.
2) In 1921, he was elected to the Punjab Legislative Council and became a leader of the Punjab Unionist Party.
3) In 1937, he signed the Jinnah-Sikander Pact agreeing to support the Muslim League, which boosted the League's strength and paved the way for the 1940 Lahore Resolution calling for independent Muslim states.
Allama iqbal
Allama Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah were influential figures who advocated for the Two Nation Theory, which argued that Hindus and Muslims in India constituted two separate nations based on their religious and cultural identities. Iqbal first presented the idea in 1930 that Muslims in India should have their own independent state based on Islamic principles. Jinnah initially supported Hindu-Muslim unity but changed his view after the 1928 Nehru Report, advocating for a separate homeland. At the 1940 Muslim League session in Lahore, Jinnah declared Hindus and Muslims as two separate nations. Pakistan was eventually established in 1947 with the aim of enforcing Islamic principles and protecting Muslim culture, identity, and political rights.
Timeline events in the history of india from 1905-1930
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Partition of Bengal
Simla deputation
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Fourteen points of Jinnah
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Abstract
1) Muhammad Ali Jinnah was a prominent leader from British India who led the movement for the establishment of Pakistan as an independent Muslim state.
2) Through his efforts, he united Indian Muslims under the Muslim League and advocated for their right to self-governance, despite opposition from the British and Hindu-led Indian National Congress.
3) Jinnah continued to push for Muslim political and constitutional rights up until 1947 when the British finally agreed to partition British India into two new independent states - Pakistan and India. Jinnah then became Pakistan's first Governor-General.
Rise of communalism and lahore resolution [autosaved]
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Pakistan study assignment !!!!!!!!!
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah played a pivotal role in achieving Pakistan. He began his political career in 1905 and worked tirelessly for Hindu-Muslim unity for decades as a member of the Indian National Congress. However, over time he grew disillusioned as the demands of the Muslim league were not adequately addressed. In 1929, he presented the famous Fourteen Points to guarantee Muslim political rights. Jinnah reorganized the Muslim League in the 1930s and transformed it into an influential organization. His historic 1940 address where he first demanded "Pakistan" is considered a milestone in the Pakistan movement. Through his dynamic leadership and political acumen, Jinnah succeeded in establishing Pakistan as an independent homeland for Muslims of
Allama Iqbal Idelogy
1) Allama Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah were influential figures in the development and promotion of the Two Nation Theory, which argued that Hindus and Muslims in India constituted two separate nations.
2) Iqbal first clearly discussed the Two Nation Theory in 1930, stating that Islam was a complete code of life for Muslims and they should have their own state.
3) Jinnah initially believed in Hindu-Muslim unity but changed his view after the 1928 Nehru Report, and later openly advocated for the Two Nation Theory and the creation of Pakistan at the 1940 Muslim League session.
Partion Of India
The document summarizes the partition of India in 1947 when the country was divided along religious lines into the secular state of India and the Islamic state of Pakistan. It describes the events leading up to partition, including the formation of the All India Muslim League and growing demands for a separate Muslim state. Key events during the partition process are outlined such as the Radcliffe Line that divided the provinces of Bengal and Punjab between India and Pakistan and sparked violence, and the massive population exchanges that occurred as millions of Hindus and Muslims crossed the new borders. The human costs of partition are also discussed.
Allama Iqbal and Quaid e Azam in Two Nation Theory
Contributions of Allam Iqbal and Quaid e Azam in Two Nation Thoery by Engr. Muhammad Bilal Satti (muhammadbilalsatti@gmail.com)
The Punjab Politics : A History from 1937 to 1997
Punjab's political history from 1937-1997 can be divided into four periods: pre-independence, 1947-1980, 1980-1997 crisis period, and post-2000. Key events included the rise of the Unionist Party pre-independence, the Akali movement for a Punjabi-speaking state, the Sikh insurgency and crisis of the 1980s, and Parkash Singh Badal leading the Akali Dal government in 1997. Religion, language, dominant castes like Jats, and agriculture have all strongly influenced Punjab's political landscape over this time period.
British era1858 29
This document discusses the educational and political developments in South Asia under British rule that impacted Muslims. It outlines Sir Syed Ahmed Khan's educational reforms establishing schools and colleges to provide modern education to Muslims. It also discusses the establishment of the Muslim League in 1906 as a key political organization to represent Muslim interests, and the Lucknow Pact of 1916 where the League and Congress agreed to constitutional reforms including separate electorates for Muslims. Overall the document examines the efforts of Muslim leaders and organizations in response to British policies to protect Muslim political and educational rights.
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Kartick Chandra Barman is an Assistant Professor of History at Krishna Chandra College in West Bengal, India. He has a B.Ed., M.A. in History, and M.Phil. in History. He has over 20 years of teaching experience at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. His areas of research interest include the socio-economic and cultural history of modern India and the historical geography of castes and tribes in Bengal. He has authored and co-edited several books and has over 40 publications in national and international journals.
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Histro-Geographic Impact and the Formation process of Ancient Dinajpur:
Histro-Geographic Impact and the Formation process of Ancient Dinajpur: Institute of Historical Studies" Kolkata
This document summarizes the historical formation and geographic impacts on the ancient region of Dinajpur in Eastern Bengal. It discusses how the region was known by different names over historical periods under different rulers, including Kirat-bhumi, Pragjyotishpur, Pundravardhana, Kotivarsha, Mahasthangarh, Barind, Kamrupa-Kamta. Many cities were built and destroyed over time as the geography and boundaries changed. Dinajpur city was established in the late 18th century after the British defeated the last Muslim ruler and established their rule, making Dinajpur the headquarters of the new district they formed in Eastern India.Relation between Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian Congress: A Brief Study
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Introduction: An attempt has been made to study, in brief the various issues which deeply affected the policies of the Indian National Congress during the period under review. We know the fact that Gandhi dominated the congress. So whatever was done by Congress there was an absolute sanction of Gandhi in it. Gandhi passion for Hindu-Muslim unity can be traced to the days of the youth; even so he stressed the need of this unity for winning their rights in the country, especially during the period of our study. He was aware of the complexities that had been added to the communal problem by the aspiration and programmes of the middle classes in both the communities Gandhi, therefore desire to carry them with him in search for the solution of the communal problems, particularly after the implementation of the Indian Act of 1935. Firstly he began to search good Muslim personalities in the Congress in particular who would sacrifice for a good cause and stand against the demands of the Muslim League. We know it very well that he appeared on the stage in the period between the end of the First World War and the suspension of the non-cooperation movement, but now he proved a spent force in this regard. Even the Congress did not listen his voice clearly. Gandhi, therefore, devoted himself to the cause of the spread of the ideas.10. heritae tourism sites of birbhum district o west bengal
This document provides an overview of the Birbhum district in West Bengal, India. It discusses the district's history dating back to the 5th century BC and its inclusion in various empires that ruled the region. It then describes the study area and objectives of analyzing tourism potential in Birbhum. Key places of historical and cultural significance discussed include Suri, Rajnagar, Bakreshwar, Dubrajpur, Hetampur, Bolpur, Santiniketan, Kankalitala, Ilambazar, Nanoor, Labpur, Ahmedpur, Rampurhat, Tarapith and Nalhati.
7. bangarh a leading ancient city of eastern-india
Bangarh is one of the leading Ancient and Early-Medieval Cities of Eastern India. At present, the ruined City is located in the Shibbari Gram Pachayet area, one and half mile to the north of Gangarampur, on the eastern bank of the River Punarbhava and about 45 Km. from the District Headquarter of Balurghat town in the District of Dakshin Dinajpur. Dr.D.C.Sen claims that the identified ancient Kotivarsa is the synonym of present Bangarh. Now, Kotivarsa has been identified by archaeological evidence, with the name of Bangarh, a capital city of the legendary Daitya king Bana or Banasur. Banasur was the first Kirat king who ruled central Nepal and was killed by Lord Krishna in the battle field. According to R.L.Barua, during that period, Dravidians was designated as Daitya but not Demon, Danavas and Asuras etc.
The Bangarh Grant of Mahipala-I which has been recovered from Bangarh Village and the Belwa Copperplate Inscriptions of Bhoja Barman, which were issued in the fifth year of his reign, i.e. in 993 A.D., suggest that once Bangarh was known as an important city in the name of Kotivarsa. Dr.K.G.Goswami suggests that these names i.e. Vaijayanti, Devikotta and Kotivarsa of the ancient and medieval fame were the same. During the period of the Pala dynasty, Bangarh was known as Visaya and enlarged as a local administrative centre under their Empire. Four Damodarpur Copperplate Inscriptions of Gupta period, dating to 443 A.D., which have been discovered from Dakshin Dinajpur District, have also mentioned that Kotivarsa was a Visaya and a chief administrative centre, belonged to Pundravardhana Bhukti. The fame and importance of Kotivarsa, was very remarkable, like other cities of ancient India, i.e. Mathura, Ujjain, Patliputra, Konauj, Koushambi etc. Certainly, Kotivarsa was a famous city, like any international city during the period of conquest of Bengal by Bhoja Barman, the King of “The Barman dynasty” .On the other hand, another Copperplate Inscription of Damodarpur, has referred that at the same time, Bangarh was a chief administrative and cultural centre of Kotivarsa Visaya and Mahasthangarh was its only Capital. R.K.Gupta suggests that during the reign of Pala dynasty, Kotivarsa visaya had been more flourishing as a trade center than earlier, besides other administrative centers of ancient Bengal. However, Rakhaldas Bandyopadhyaya, a pioneer historian of ancient India, who maintains a claim that the whole northern part of Varendri or Varendra, was then recognized by the name of “Kotivarsa” from the beginning of the seventh ago. The above statements have further proved by the statements from the “Bangarh Grant” of Mahipala-I which revealed in the 9th year of his reign. “Prajnapana-granth” of Jaina, indicates that Kotivarsa was then belonged as a Visaya to the Rarh Bhumi.
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This document provides a personal profile of Kartick Chandra Barman, an Assistant Professor of History at Krishna Chandra College in Birbhum, West Bengal. It outlines his educational qualifications, contact information, areas of research interest, experience teaching since 1993, membership in professional bodies, positions held, and a list of research papers and books published. The profile demonstrates Barman's extensive qualifications and experience in history and social sciences.
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Kartick Chandra Barman's paper titled "Social Reform Activities of Manishi Panchanan Barma towards Rajbanshi Society: A Brief Estimate on Historical Perspectives" has been accepted for publication in the peer-reviewed North Asian International Research Journal of Social Science & Humanities. The paper was reviewed and received a positive review. NAIRJC is indexed in various academic databases and journal directories.3. certificate of publication
An article titled "Economic Thought of Panchanan Barma and Kshatriya Bank: A Brief Study on Historical Perspectives" written by Kartickchandra Barman has been published in the journal History Research. The journal editors congratulated Kartickchandra Barman on having his manuscript published in Volume 3, Issue Number 2 from March 2015. A link to the published article was provided in the certificate of publication.
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AbstractTo tour is to venture.Tourism is an activity done by an individual or a group of individuals, which leads to a motion from a place to another. From a country to another for performing a specific task, or it is a visit to a place or several places in the purpose of entertaining which leads to an awareness of other civilizations and cultures, also increasing the knowledge of countries, environmental, political, cultural or religious cultures, and historyTourism geography covers a wide range of interests including the environmental impact of tourism, the geography of tourism, leisure economies, management concerns and locations of tourist spots The overall purpose is to gain an appreciation of the past. ‘Heritage’ and ‘Culture’ have become interchangeable and elastic terms. In the context of the arts for example, the use of the term culture relates to how a society’s history, beliefs, values, traditions and icons are manifested in an artistic format. Heritage tourism helps make historic preservation economically viable by using historic structures and landscapes to attract and serve travelers.Heritage tourism focuses on certain historical Its aim may not always be the presentation of accurate historical facts, as opposed to economically developing the site and surrounding area. Visiting heritage places can be part of a range of activities undertaken by tourists or it can be the sole reason for travel for people with a high level of interest in natural and cultural heritage.
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M.a.jinnah and the origin of pakistan
- 1. M.A. Jinnah And The Origin of Pakistan Presented By: Mr. Kartick Ch. Barman Assistant Professor Dept. of History Krishna Chandra College
- 2. Early Life of Jinnah • M.A. Jinnah: The most Enigmatic and Paradoxical Figure in Indian History • Birth Place & Family Background – 25th December, (1876) Karachi – Khoja Muslim Family • Education – Early Education in Karachi and Mumbai – 1892: Went to England (Bristol) – 1896: Became Barrister – Developed Aristocratic Temperament
- 3. Life Style and Nature of Jinnah • An Intellectual Man • Cool Temperament • As a Muslim Rarely Went to Mosque • Never Addressed the Muslims in Urdu • Little Interest in Religion
- 4. Married Life of Jinnah • Unhappy Married Life • First Wife Amaibai Died when he was in England • Never Got along with his Second Wife Ruttie Pettie – Divorce and death of his ex-wife at a young age • Unhappy Married Life Led to Developed a Bitter Personality in Jinnah
- 5. Political Career of Jinnah • 1906: Started Political Career as a Liberal Congress Leader • 1906-1920: A great Congress Leader and Fire-band Nationalist • 1913: Drafted a New Constitution of Muslim League with a Secular Ideal of Congress • 1916: By Lucknow Pact United Congress & League • 1919: Showed Anger against the Rawlatt Act • No Sympathy for Aligarh Movement and Khilafat Movement
- 6. Isolation from Congress Leadership • 1920-1928: Jinnah Exiled from Active Politics • Gandhi’s Emergence & Non-cooperation Movement • 1931: Death of Maulana Mohammed Ali – Jinnah Took Over Muslim Leadership • Jinnah Emerged as the “Qaid- Azam” (The Great Organizer)
- 7. Communalist Jinnah • 1927-1930: Failure of Simon Commission • 1930-1932: Failure of Round Table Conference in London • 1932: Communal Award of the British Govt. • 1934: Jinnah became a Communalist Leader • 1937: Contested Provincial Legislative Council Election – Out of 485 seats Muslim League got 110 • Muslim League was Denied Coalition Ministry
- 8. Demand of Jinnah for Separate State • Jinnah Dubbed Congress “A Hindu Organization” • Emerged as the Sole Spokesman for all Muslim Communities • Consistent Propaganda against Congress • Muslim League Observed a Day of Deliverance and Thanksgiving • 1940: Lahore Congress Demand for Separate State • Greatest Advocate of Two Nation Theory – “Leke Rahenge Pakistan” (We’ll Must Win Pakistan) • 1945: Cabinet Mission Triggered Communal Riots
- 9. Mountbatten Plan • End of Second World War – Attle Announced Transfer of Power to India by 1948 • March 1947: Mountbatten Appointed New Viceroy of India • Talks with M.A. Jinnah, J.L. Nehru and other Leaders
- 10. Division of United India • Jinnah Strategically Compelled Congress to Agree for a Separate State of Muslims • Mountbatten Accepted the Demand for the Partition of India
- 11. Thank You…