Magnetics 1
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This document discusses transformer and inductor design. It covers selecting appropriate magnetic core materials from manufacturers like EPCOS based on factors like frequency range, power level and intended application. These include ferrite cores like N27, N87 and N49. The document also discusses design considerations like minimizing AC resistance through stranded conductors, interleaving windings and thermal resistance management.
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A wire spice is when two pieces of electrical wire are taken and join them together with a crimp, butt-splice, or heat shrink to make a complete electrical connection.
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The Splicing or jointing is required since the wires are manufactured in 100 metres lengths and the total length of wire used for house wiring may be more than 100 metres.
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This document discusses key characteristics of single-core and 3-core cables, including:
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Contents :
Introduction
1.Electrical power supply wiring.
2.Domestic electric circuits.
3.Domestic wiring .
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5.Methods of wiring.
6.Industrial Electrification .
7.Types of installation.
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Fig(1):Electrical power transmission from electric pole to energy meter to distribution board
Domestic electric circuits:
1.Electric power is usually generated at places which are far away from the places where it is consumed . At the generating station, the electric power is generated at 11KV volts . This voltage alternates at a frequency of 50HZ.
2.The power is transmitted over a long distance at high voltages to minimize the loss of energy in the transmission.
3.The electric power line enter our house through three wires -namely the live wire, the neutral wire and the earth wire.
4.To avoid confusion we follow a colour code for insulating these wires.
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Domestic wiring
1.The live wire has a high potential of 220V whereas the neutral wire has zero potential .Thus the potential difference between the live wire and the neutral wire is 220-0=220V.
2.The earth wire is much thicker in size and is made of copper. One end of it is connected to a copper plate buried deep under the earth. The earth connection is made to the electric meter and then the main switch.
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This document provides information on electrical wiring systems. It discusses single phase and three phase wiring systems used for domestic and industrial applications. It describes the components of wiring including switches, wires, cables and different types. Factors affecting choice of wiring and specifications of wires are explained. Common wiring methods like cleat wiring, wooden casing and capping wiring, CTS wiring are described along with their advantages and disadvantages.
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- The process of electricity generation, transmission, and distribution to end users
- Methods of earthing buildings for safety and reducing earth resistance
- Lightning protection systems used to protect structures from lightning strikes
- Common wiring accessories like switches, sockets, plugs, and their uses in electrical installations
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This document discusses earthing, which is used to protect electrical systems and users from shock by providing a path for fault currents to flow safely to the earth. It defines key terms like earthing, earth electrode, and describes conventional earthing methods like plate and rod earthing which involve burying conductive plates or rods underground to dissipate electric currents. The objectives of earthing are to ensure exposed parts do not reach a dangerous potential and protect machinery from short circuits. Proper earthing is important for buildings, industries, and other applications using electricity.
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- Various electrical equipment, medical facilities, water/waste systems, parking, and other infrastructure will be incorporated using smart communication and networking.
Indian railway&metro rail,others electrical safety first periorty
India is growing Rail Transportation Infra Connecting Maximum Possible Land Connectivity Long route and Suburban Daily Passenger Travelling with in Cities Like State Connectivity ,City Local Travelling speed 70KMP to 200KMP and Fast Bullet Trains.
These Infra is Full of Metal Jungle From Track ,Structures,Cables and Rolling Stocks.
These Track may be Ground ,Elevated ,Under Ground and Long Tunnels now introducing some route below River .
To Operate Railways Infra Traction Power ,Power for Building Infra and Various Equipment's require .
Power Demand for Railways Network from Grid ,Self Power Solar Generation ,High Energy Battery Storage Systems and Others
Water Supply for Equipment Washing ,Public Drinking and other use ,Disposal Of Waters now connected through Automation.
The Whole System Connected Power ,Signal ,Data ,Telecom ,Traffic Routes ,Safety&Building Automation Like CCTV .Fire Alarm,Access Control , Audio Visuals, Public Address ,Telecom (Exchange ,Base Station Towers ,Wireless Network Towers ,Safety , Real Time Passenger Information Moving Displays, Platform Screen Door ,Lifts and Escalators,Ticketing &Fare Collections ,Entry and Exit of Passenger Inside Station Buildings.
Electrical Safety is very important roles to performance of Equipment's Operators ,Human surrounding from Electrical Hazards.
Earthing&connectivity of all Equipment's to discharge any kind of over voltages&Surges Due to Internal&External Like Lightning follow NBC2016 /RDSO Electrical/RDSO S&T Latest Technical Documents.
We connect Power to various Equipment's&also Signal , Telecom ,Other Data Cables& Cable route from Indoor to Outdoor from Track , Control Rooms, Station Buildings &Substation via Power Transformers consider directly or indirectly these all are Interconnected and high Chances of Surge and Over-voltage enter into our System from Power Sources or via Data or Communication Ports to safe system maximum Low Voltages Signal ,Data or communication now change to Fiber Connectivity this help to protect our System from any surge from Data Port.
Railway Technical Documents is very much up to marks but in Tender BID Selection of Components, Installation the involve TEAM Compromise with Contractors after taking Favor Directly or Indirectly &these Contractor Do Fraud mental using Substandard from supply up to installation Just for 3%-5% whole project is smash&High Value Damage occur when system fail&also public inconvenience due to Train Delay ,Stop&Cancel Route.Fire Accidents
Earthing ,Lightning&Surge Protection is not a BOQ it's Design ,Engineering&Calculation ,With Selection of Components &Installation .
Plz go through Presentation to now more about us visit webpage www.linkvuesystem.com
LinkVue System is Technical Pool of Engineers Offering Design ,Engineering ,Calculation Supply with Installation Support.
Maintenance Free Earthing
Lightning Protection Systems
Surge Protection Device
Contact M-9811247237 manav.chandra@linkvuesystem.com
Emi 1
The document discusses various sources of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electrostatic discharge (ESD) in power electronics systems, as well as techniques to reduce noise and mitigate ESD events. It covers topics like capacitive coupling, grounding, printed circuit board design, ESD generation mechanisms, and ESD modeling. The goal is to help engineers address EMI/ESD issues in their power electronics and drive systems.
Transformer Designing
The document provides information on transformer design specifications and considerations. It discusses technical specifications for a 500KVA, 3 phase transformer including input/output voltages and power ratings. It also covers initial calculations, losses in transformers, core materials and construction, winding design, insulation, cooling methods, and connection configurations. The goal is to design a transformer that efficiently transfers power while meeting specifications for voltage, current, temperature rise and other factors.
Circuit Board Layout Techniques - www.circuitsinc.tk
This document provides guidelines for laying out analog circuit boards to minimize noise. It recommends using multilayer boards with separate analog and digital ground and power planes. Traces should be short and avoid loops or 90 degree turns. Digital signals should be routed away from analog components. Bypass capacitors are needed at power inputs and op amps to filter different frequency ranges. Following these techniques can help reduce conducted and radiated noise by 20 decibels or more.
Jmv presentation goods (dfcc) rail project
The document discusses smart goods rail projects in India and electrical safety products. It provides details on:
1) The Indian Railways plan to invest 21,000 crore rupees to connect major locations through dedicated freight corridor rail networks. This includes building headquarters and infrastructure facilities.
2) Best practices for electrical safety include maintenance-free earthing using copper-bonded rods, exothermic welding to reduce joints, and surge protection for power and communication systems.
3) JMV LPS Ltd offers products for metro rail projects including earthing solutions, exothermic welding systems, lightning protection equipment and surge protection devices to improve electrical safety and equipment lifespan.
Metro Rail ,DFCC and Indian Railway Presentation by JMV LPS Ltd
The document discusses smart goods rail projects in India and electrical safety products. It provides details on:
1) The Indian Railways plan to invest 21,000 crore rupees to connect major locations through dedicated freight corridor rail networks. This includes building headquarters and infrastructure facilities.
2) Best practices for electrical safety include maintenance-free earthing using copper-bonded rods, exothermic welding to reduce joints, and surge protection for power and communication systems.
3) JMV LPS Ltd offers products for metro rail projects including earthing solutions, exothermic welding systems, lightning protection equipment and surge protection devices to improve electrical system reliability and lifespan.
PPT.pdf
The document discusses various materials used in electrical machines. It describes high conductivity materials like copper, aluminium and their alloys which are used for windings and current carrying components due to their high electrical conductivity. It also discusses high resistivity materials like nickel-iron, chrome-iron and carbon composition materials used for making resistors to dissipate electrical energy as heat. The document provides properties and applications of these materials for effectively designing various parts of electrical machines.
Unit I design of electrical machines
Design factors; Limitations; Modern trends; Electrical
Engineering Materials; Space factor; Choice of Specific
Electric and Magnetic loadings; Thermal Considerations;
Heat flow; Temperature rise; Insulating Materials; Properties;
Rating of Machines; Various Standard Specifications ;
Dfcc project and jmv lps earthing and protection
Indian Railways,Railway Board, RDSO, DMRC,RNVL,IRCON,Rites,Station Building Redevelopment, HighSpeed Railway Infra , DFCC, CORE,Railtel ,EPC Contractor , Railway Electrification Traction ,OHE and Power , Railway Signal and Telecom, Railway SCADA,Railway S&T Equipment Manufacturer,Electrical Substation Project Team
A Review on Parametric Optimization in Wire Electric Discharge Machining
Wire-electro discharge machining (WEDM) has become an important non-traditional machining process, as it provides an effective solution for producing components made of difficult-to-machine materials like titanium, zirconium, etc., and intricate shapes, which are not possible by conventional machining methods. Due to large number of process parameters and responses lots of researchers have attempted to model this process. This paper reviews the research trends in WEDM on relation between different process parameters, include pulse on time, pulse off time, servo voltage, peak current, dielectric flow rate, wire speed, wire tension on different process responses include material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra), sparking gap (Kerf width), wire lag (LAG) and wire wear ration (WWR) and surface integrity factors. Optimization of process parameters is necessary to reduce cost and time of manufacturing. Various optimization and relation finding methods are shown here which are frequently used by researchers. Few conclusions based on existing literature have been extracted from existing literature on optimization of WEDM process parameters.
A Review on Parametric Optimization in Wire Electric Discharge Machining
Wire-electro discharge machining (WEDM) has become an important non-traditional machining process, as it provides an effective solution for producing components made of difficult-to-machine materials like titanium, zirconium, etc., and intricate shapes, which are not possible by conventional machining methods. Due to large number of process parameters and responses lots of researchers have attempted to model this process. This paper reviews the research trends in WEDM on relation between different process parameters, include pulse on time, pulse off time, servo voltage, peak current, dielectric flow rate, wire speed, wire tension on different process responses include material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra), sparking gap (Kerf width), wire lag (LAG) and wire wear ration (WWR) and surface integrity factors. Optimization of process parameters is necessary to reduce cost and time of manufacturing. Various optimization and relation finding methods are shown here which are frequently used by researchers. Few conclusions based on existing literature have been extracted from existing literature on optimization of WEDM process parameters.
Welding equipments
Welding equipment's is the tools used in the welding
The following equipment's used in the welding
1. Power Source (AC or DC)
2. Electrode Holder
3. Welding Cables
4. Ground Clamp
5. Welding Electrodes
6. Welding Helmets & Hand Shield
7. Protective Cloths
8. Finishing tools – Wire brush, Chipping Hammers.
Ferrite core
The ferrite core is a variety of magnetic core from ferrite that has winded with electrical transformer and some other components like inductors. This is mostly preferred for high magnetic permeability combined with <a> ferrite core </a> low electrical conductivity.
Cg distribution-transformers
This document summarizes the construction of distribution transformers manufactured by CG Power Systems. It describes the core, which is made of silicon steel sheets cut at 45 degrees and stacked in an overlap pattern to minimize losses. It also describes the windings, which include copper or aluminum foil for the low voltage winding and layered insulated conductors for the high voltage winding. The core and windings are assembled to form the active part, which is then connected to bushings and may include an off-circuit tap changer to adjust the output voltage.
Benefits, Uses, And Design Considerations For Ferrite Transformers.pdf
Benefits, Uses, And Design Considerations For Ferrite Transformers.pdfMiracle Electronic Devices Private Limited
You must always get in touch with experts who can offer you expert and flawless ferrite transformer manufacturing in India, in order to make the most of the benefits and uses of ferrite transformers.Similar to Magnetics 1 (20)
Presentation Smart Hospital Projects and JMV LPS Ltd
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Indian railway&metro rail,others electrical safety first periorty
Indian railway&metro rail,others electrical safety first periorty
Circuit Board Layout Techniques - www.circuitsinc.tk
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Metro Rail ,DFCC and Indian Railway Presentation by JMV LPS Ltd
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A Review on Parametric Optimization in Wire Electric Discharge Machining
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Benefits, Uses, And Design Considerations For Ferrite Transformers.pdf
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Magnetics 1
- 1. 01-04-2019 1 Magnetics Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 1 Transformer Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 2
- 2. 01-04-2019 2 Transformer with square pulse 3Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com dkn@hasoftpower.com Ferrite Core (ER) 4 Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com
- 3. 01-04-2019 3 EE Core 5 Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com Transformer design square wave 6 Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com Bm = 0.2 T J = 3 – 6 A/mm2
- 4. 01-04-2019 4 Window & Core areas Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 7 Transformer Design Bm = 0.2 T J = 3 – 5 A/mm2 Kw = 0.3 to 0.5 Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 8
- 5. 01-04-2019 5 Transformer Design Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 9 Wire selection • Check whether the bobbin can accommodate the wires, if not choose next bigger transformer and repeat the magnetic design 10 Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com
- 6. 01-04-2019 6 Inductor Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 11 dkn@hasoftpower.com Inductor design L* di = N * dφ Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 12
- 7. 01-04-2019 7 EPCOS cores • The preferred materials for manufacture of E cores are the SIFERRIT materials N27, N87, T46 and N30. • N27 is recommended for power applications in the frequency range up to about 100 kHz and • N87 for the frequency range up to 500 kHz • EFD cores made of N49 are particularly suitable for frequencies f >500 kHz. These materials feature a high saturation flux density and low power loss. • Material N30 for interference suppression chokes Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 13 Cores with round centre Leg • ER cores • EQ cores • ETD cores (Economic Transformer Design) • E cores with round centre leg offer the advantage of easy winding, particularly when thick winding wires are used, and compact mounting dimensions. • ETD cores have the additional benefit of an almost constant cross section along the magnetic path. • ER cores in sizes 9.5 and 11/5 are particularly suitable for designing transformers with low overall height and high inductance. They come in material T38 for broadband applications plus in N87 and N49 for power transformers for frequencies up to and over 500 kHz. Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 14
- 8. 01-04-2019 8 Cores with rectangular leg • E cores • EFD cores (Economic Flat Transformer Design) • EFD cores have an optimized cross section and enable the design of very flat and compacts transformers, even for high- frequency applications. • ELP cores (E Low Profile) • ELP cores enable the design of very flat transformers and feature excellent thermal performance due to the large core surface. Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 15 EPCOS core material Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 16
- 9. 01-04-2019 9 EPCOS core material for applications Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 17 Ferrite core for Power Transformer Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 18
- 10. 01-04-2019 10 Ferrite Cores for Power Transformer Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 19 Relative Core Loss versus Frequency Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 20
- 11. 01-04-2019 11 Skin Effect Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 21 Skin effect & Proximity effect • Eddy current in a round wire causes skin effect – cancelling of current in the centre of the wire and its crowding into the outer skin • Skin depth is defined as distance below the surface where the current density fallen to 1/e or 37% of its value at the surface • Proximity effect is caused by alternating magnetic fields arising from currents in adjacent winding layers in a multilayer coil • In proximity effect, eddy currents caused by magnetic fields of current in adjacent layers increase exponentially as the number of coil layers increases Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 22 dkn@hasoftpower.com
- 12. 01-04-2019 12 Coil winding to keep AC resistance low • Use multi-strand wires to keep the AC resistance due to skin effect of the wire less • Diameter of wire with 10% increase in ac resistance • Primary & secondary windings are sandwiched to reduce the AC resistance caused by Proximity effect Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 23 dkn@hasoftpower.com Core Temperature • Total loss = Core loss + copper loss • Temperature rise = Total loss * Core Thermal resistance • Keep the temperature rise less than 40⁰C Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 24 dkn@hasoftpower.com
- 13. 01-04-2019 13 Thermal Resistance Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 25 Thermal resistance Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 26
- 14. 01-04-2019 14 Thank you Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com Hasoft Power Electronics Pvt Ltd dkn@hasoftpower.com 27