Macromolecules, Day 3

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Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are the main energy source and sometimes used for structural support. The monomers are sugars and they polymerize to form polysaccharides. Lipids are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen and are used to store energy. They are hydrophobic. They are made of glycerol bonded to three fatty acids. Proteins help with chemical reactions, cell structure and energy. They are made from chains of amino acid monomers in a specific sequence determined by DNA and RNA. Nucleic acids store and pass on genetic material. They are made of nucleotide monomers in a specific sequence on strands of DNA or RNA.

Technology Business

Carbohydrates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Building carbohydrates ,[object Object],[object Object]

Structure of a Carbohydrate What do you notice about this structure?

Rings connect to form polysaccharides (polymer / macromolecule)

Lipids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Building lipids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Glycerol Fatty Acid Fatty Acid Fatty Acid

Proteins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Proteins ,[object Object],[object Object]

Building proteins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Nucleic Acids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Concepts in Biochemistry Chapter 2 Wendy Herndon, BIS, RDH, CDA Introduction Dental professionals need to have a basic understanding of biochemistry It is the foundation for understanding and applying the concepts of nutrition What is Biochemistry? It is the study of life at the molecular level A molecule is: The smallest particle of a substance that retains all the properties of the substance A biomolecule is Any molecule that is produced by a living cell or organism https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YO244P1e9QM Metabolism involves Production and use of energy which can come from dietary carbs, proteins, and lipids Bioinformation involves The transfer of biological information from DNA to RNA to protein which carries out all of the processes of life DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid RNA is Ribonucleic acid 3 Fundamentals Atoms are: Made of three tiny particles called: Protons Neutrons Electrons An atom itself is made up of three tiny kinds of particles called subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The protons and the neutrons make up the center of the atom called the nucleus and the electrons fly around above the nucleus in a small cloud. All matter is made up of atoms. 4 Fundamentals Molecules are: A group of atoms bonded together An example is when two atoms of hydrogen bond with one atom of oxygen, it forms a water molecule A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together 5 Fundamentals The mass of the human body is made of atoms which form molecules (groups of atoms) Molecules form cells (made up of billions of molecules) Cells form tissues Tissues form organs Organs work together to form systems Systems form organisms such as a human Atomic Bonds Ionic Ionic bonds form between a positively charged metal and a negatively charged non-metal An example of an ionic bond is the hydroxyapatite in enamel which is composed of ionic bonds between calcium and phosphate Atomic Bonds Covalent -A covalent bond occurs when two non-metal atoms equally share electrons -An example of this would be when nitrogen and oxygen bond together to form nitrous oxide -Laughing gas Carbon Element Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe and is the building block of life on earth Cells are made of many complex molecules called macromolecules These include proteins, nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), carbohydrates, and lipids The carbon atom has unique properties that allow it to form covalent bonds to as many as four different atoms, making this versatile element ideal to serve as the basic structural component, or “backbone,” of the macromolecules (many complex molecules) Main Biomolecules in Nutrition (any molecule formed by a living cell or organism) The four major biomolecules are: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids These biomolecules are characterized by the type of polymer or monomer they contain and by their function A polymer is a large molecule containing repeating units kn ...

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