This document summarizes research on Lucinactant, a novel synthetic surfactant approved by the FDA in 2012 for treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). It contains a peptide called sinapultide that mimics the function of human surfactant protein B. Studies found Lucinactant was as effective as or more effective than previous animal-derived surfactants in reducing mortality from RDS, but its pharmacokinetics are not fully understood. The document reviews clinical trials and mechanisms of Lucinactant and discusses its efficacy, safety profile, and potential cost benefits compared to other surfactants.
— Paraquat, chemically 1, 1' dimethyl-4-4'-bipyridinium, is a green colored herbicide. It is one of the most lethal herbicide and is hazardous in very small quantities. More than 93% of deaths by paraquat are suicidal in nature. Poisoning by paraquat is commoner in developing countries because of agriculture based economy. The presentation of paraquat poisoning varies from case to case and depends on the amount consumed. As the compound is highly lethal, an early suspicion & management is must to prevent complications. Present case is of paraquat poisoning with full blown early picture of mucosal ulceration, pneumonitis and acute kidney injury which later on complicated in esophageal perforation, pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum.
Dissecting the underlying pharmaceutical mechanism of Danggui Buxue decoction...LucyPi1
Abstract Backgroud: Danggui Buxue decoction (DBD), a classical prescription in traditional Chinese medicine, has been found to have protective effect on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats by reducing alveolar inflammation and fibrosis. However, the biological activity of individual chemical components and mechanism of action of whole formula are not clear. Methods: Potential targets of active ingredients of DBD were collected through Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and SymMap database. Target genes related to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were obtained from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database, Therapeutic Targets Database and Gkb database. Then, the common targets were obtained by overlapping the potential targets of active ingredients in DBD and diseases related targets. The selected targets were subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signaling pathway and Gene Ontology analysis, and the network map of active component-target-pathway was established using Cytoscape 3.7.1 software. The active components of DBD with most targets were selected for fibrosis-related marker verification. The mRNA and protein expression of fibrosis markers, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen 1 and fibronectin, were detected in TGF-β1-induced fibroblast cell line after treatment with the active components. Results: The 14 active ingredients, such as quercetin and kaempferol, were screened from DBD. It acts on 26 targets like estrogen receptor 2 and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, and mainly involves 38 signaling pathways such as cell inflammation and autophagy. Kaempferol and quercetin are the two compounds with the highest network regulation, which can inhibit the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and reduce the expression of fibrosis markers α-smooth muscle actin, collagen 1 and fibronectin. Conclusion: The integration mode of multi-component, multi-target, multi-channel and mechanism of DBD in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are predicted by means of network pharmacology. Our study could indicate the direction of further anti-fibrotic mechanism research.
A Possible Role of Rosmarinic Acid against CD2 Associated Protein for the Tre...YogeshIJTSRD
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative disorder which directly affects Central Nervous System CNS . People with MS suffer with an episodic reversible memory loss during the initial stages and later it leads to the neurological deterioration. Number of research and studies has been done on the natural compounds and phytochemical compounds in order to develop the particular drug for the treatment of MS in vivo andin vitro. The present study focuses on the inhibitory effect of Rosmarinic acid against the effect of CD2 Associated protein with the help of Molecular Docking. Molecular Docking basically screens the ligand and the target protein and shows the interaction between them on the basis of the minimum binding affinities and drug likeliness properties. In our research, docking was performed between CD2 Associated protein and selected ligands with the help of docking software. Ligands were selected on the basis of their minimum Binding affinities and finally by their drug likeliness properties. Rosmarinic acid BA 5.6 was the resultant ligand of our recent study. It showed the perfect interaction with CD2 Associated protein. Therefore, we may conclude that Rosmarinic acid may act as a compound which may be used as a drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis fromfurther in vitro and in vivostudies in future. Jitin Kumar | Tejaswee Anand | Ritika Sharma | Noopur Khare | Abhimanyu Kumar Jha | Yamini Dixit "A Possible Role of Rosmarinic Acid against CD2-Associated Protein for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis through in Silico Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44979.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/44979/a-possible-role-of-rosmarinic-acid-against-cd2associated-protein-for-the-treatment-of-multiple-sclerosis-through-in-silico-approach/jitin-kumar
— Paraquat, chemically 1, 1' dimethyl-4-4'-bipyridinium, is a green colored herbicide. It is one of the most lethal herbicide and is hazardous in very small quantities. More than 93% of deaths by paraquat are suicidal in nature. Poisoning by paraquat is commoner in developing countries because of agriculture based economy. The presentation of paraquat poisoning varies from case to case and depends on the amount consumed. As the compound is highly lethal, an early suspicion & management is must to prevent complications. Present case is of paraquat poisoning with full blown early picture of mucosal ulceration, pneumonitis and acute kidney injury which later on complicated in esophageal perforation, pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum.
Dissecting the underlying pharmaceutical mechanism of Danggui Buxue decoction...LucyPi1
Abstract Backgroud: Danggui Buxue decoction (DBD), a classical prescription in traditional Chinese medicine, has been found to have protective effect on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats by reducing alveolar inflammation and fibrosis. However, the biological activity of individual chemical components and mechanism of action of whole formula are not clear. Methods: Potential targets of active ingredients of DBD were collected through Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and SymMap database. Target genes related to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were obtained from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database, Therapeutic Targets Database and Gkb database. Then, the common targets were obtained by overlapping the potential targets of active ingredients in DBD and diseases related targets. The selected targets were subjected to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes signaling pathway and Gene Ontology analysis, and the network map of active component-target-pathway was established using Cytoscape 3.7.1 software. The active components of DBD with most targets were selected for fibrosis-related marker verification. The mRNA and protein expression of fibrosis markers, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen 1 and fibronectin, were detected in TGF-β1-induced fibroblast cell line after treatment with the active components. Results: The 14 active ingredients, such as quercetin and kaempferol, were screened from DBD. It acts on 26 targets like estrogen receptor 2 and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, and mainly involves 38 signaling pathways such as cell inflammation and autophagy. Kaempferol and quercetin are the two compounds with the highest network regulation, which can inhibit the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and reduce the expression of fibrosis markers α-smooth muscle actin, collagen 1 and fibronectin. Conclusion: The integration mode of multi-component, multi-target, multi-channel and mechanism of DBD in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are predicted by means of network pharmacology. Our study could indicate the direction of further anti-fibrotic mechanism research.
A Possible Role of Rosmarinic Acid against CD2 Associated Protein for the Tre...YogeshIJTSRD
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative disorder which directly affects Central Nervous System CNS . People with MS suffer with an episodic reversible memory loss during the initial stages and later it leads to the neurological deterioration. Number of research and studies has been done on the natural compounds and phytochemical compounds in order to develop the particular drug for the treatment of MS in vivo andin vitro. The present study focuses on the inhibitory effect of Rosmarinic acid against the effect of CD2 Associated protein with the help of Molecular Docking. Molecular Docking basically screens the ligand and the target protein and shows the interaction between them on the basis of the minimum binding affinities and drug likeliness properties. In our research, docking was performed between CD2 Associated protein and selected ligands with the help of docking software. Ligands were selected on the basis of their minimum Binding affinities and finally by their drug likeliness properties. Rosmarinic acid BA 5.6 was the resultant ligand of our recent study. It showed the perfect interaction with CD2 Associated protein. Therefore, we may conclude that Rosmarinic acid may act as a compound which may be used as a drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis fromfurther in vitro and in vivostudies in future. Jitin Kumar | Tejaswee Anand | Ritika Sharma | Noopur Khare | Abhimanyu Kumar Jha | Yamini Dixit "A Possible Role of Rosmarinic Acid against CD2-Associated Protein for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis through in Silico Approach" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44979.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/44979/a-possible-role-of-rosmarinic-acid-against-cd2associated-protein-for-the-treatment-of-multiple-sclerosis-through-in-silico-approach/jitin-kumar
The emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) against first-line drugs and extensively drug resistant TB (XDRTB)
due to misuse of second-line anti tubercular drugs (ATDs) is a further concern. Recommended treatment involves
long term and multiple drug therapy with severe side effects. Due to this concern nanoparticle-based systems
have significant potential for treatment and prevention of tuberculosis (TB) to overcome the need to administer
ATDs at high and frequent doses, would assist in improving patient compliance and circumvent hepatotoxic ity
and/or nephrotoxicity/ocular toxicity/ototoxicity associated with the prevalent first-line chemotherapy.
Nanostructured delivery systems constitute a wide range of systems varying from liposomes, micelles, micro- and
nanoemulsions, to polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs ) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Pulmonary administration
of inhaled nanoparticles in the form of dry powder inhalers offer particular advantages for pulmonary administration
of anti tubercular drugs (ATDs). Present review comprehensively about different approaches of nanobased
drug delivery, devises and techniques for pulmonary delivery of nanoparticle encapsulated ATD.
Evaluation of anti-anxiety activity of ethanolic extract of rhus mysorensis o...SriramNagarajan16
The aim of this study is to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical screening and anti-anxiety activity of the ethanolic extract
of areal parts of Rhus mysorensis in rat models. The ethanolic extract of Rhus mysorensis was prepared using 97% ethanol
72hrs by maceration. The oral dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract was evaluated for the activity in elevated plus maze
and open field models. The obtained results have shown that the Rhus mysorensis ethanolic extract shown the presence of
flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins and steroids and also shown the significant anti-anxiety activity on wistar rats on
dose dependent manner. based on the results it is concluded that the ethanolic extract of areal parts of Rhus mysorensis is
having significant anti-anxiety activity on wistar rats. Further investigation is required by using the purified compound to
evaluate and isolation of the phytochemicals responsible for the anti-anxiety activity of ethanolic extract of Rhus mysorensis
The Efficacy of Biological Therapies for Psoriasis - Review Articlepaperpublications3
Abstract: Background: it is indicated that Biological Therapies has great effect in dealing with Psoriasis. Differences in response rates of biologics for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis have been reported in many published articles.
Objective: this paper aims to declare the effectiveness of biological therapies for psoriasis.
Methods: using the search engine PubMed to prepare comprehensive literature about the specified topic.
Main results: it is indicated that psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease condition that involves altered expression of a broad spectrum of proinflammatory cytokines which are associated with activation of T cells and proliferation of keratinocytes.
Conclusion: The introduction of targeted biologic therapies has greatly improved the treatment options for psoriasis although the pathogenesis of the autoimmune skin disease has not been fully elucidated. The potential for psoriasis disease is implicit because altered expressions of cutaneous and systemic cytokines are well demonstrated in psoriasis patients.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Background: The probable mechanism of an earlier reported capacity of palm oil extracts to confer protection
against high dose cadmium poisoning in rats was reported in this study. Similar experimental design earlier reported
by us was retained. Rats therefore were sacrificed at intervals of twelve; twenty four and forty eight hours post CdCl2
insult.
Results: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione)
were assessed in tissues (liver, kidney, heart, brain, muscle) and serum. Oxidative stress indicators showed a significantly
(p < 0.05) increased lipid peroxidation and alterations in antioxidant defence systems occasioned by drop in
catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes (serum, liver, heart, brain and kidneys) of the rats. Also observed were
significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the non-enzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione over time. Pre-administration of
rats with the crude palm oil and its extracts modulated cadmium mediated depletion of the antioxidant capacities of
rats acutely exposed to cadmium and rising lipid peroxidation profile.
Conclusions: Regulation of stress and antioxidant response was the underlying mechanism by which the extracts
conferred protection against high dose cadmium insult thus suggesting its potential as a viable therapeutic target
against its deleterious effects.
Preliminary phytochemical analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of leaf extract...Jing Zang
Epiprinus mallotiformis (Muell.) is a tree belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae grows in the evergreen forests of the Western Ghats. The present study was performed to investigate the preliminary phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of E. mallotiformis the powdered leaf materials was subjected to soxhlet extraction successively by using low polar to high polar solvents. The antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts was performed by agar well diffusion method. The preliminary phytochemical analysis shows the presence of Flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroidsand tannins. Among the extracts methanol extract shows the significant activity when compare to all the solvent extracts. The maximum inhibition was found in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhifungi shows greater inhibition was found in Microsporumgypseum, Trichophytonrubrum, Chrysosporiummerdarium. The leaves of E. mallotiformiscould be used in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections; the presence of various phytochemicals might be the responsible for these activities of the extract. Further studies on isolation of constituents from the extract and their biological activities are under investigation.
Information of Remdesivir Drug. Remdesivir antiviral drug, GS-441524, valkury, Gilead science, Best drug for COVID-19 (SARS COV-2) , RNA inhibiter drug , Emergency approved by FDA. GS-5734. Made from Ribose synthesis.
The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of harmful impacts of xenobiotics in animals is attracting an increasing attention in recent times. The aim of the current study is to assess the preventive potential of Costus afer aqueous leaves extract (CAAE) in treating metabolic aberrations imposed by crude oil contaminated diet in Wistar albino rats. Six groups of rats were treated as follows: A = Normal diet; B= Normal diet + 100 mg/kg body weight of CAAE; C =Normal diet + 200 mg/kg body weight of CAAE; D= Crude oil contaminated diet; E= crude oil contaminated diet + 100 mg/kg body weight of CAAE, F = crude oil contaminated diet + 200 mg/kg body weight of CAAE. After thirty days of exposure to the diet and administration of the corresponding plant extracts, the rats were sacrificed with chloroform and the required organs were excised. The hematological indices, as well as function indicators and levels of drug metabolizing enzymes in the liver and kidney, were investigated with standard protocols. The results indicated that the hematological parameters and kidney and liver function indices were altered in rats fed with crude oil contaminated diet. However, the values came close to those in control rats when Costus afer aqueous extracts were administered. Similarly, the activities of oxidase enzymes (aldehyde oxidase, monoamine oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and sulphite oxidase), following their inhibition by the ingestion of crude oil contaminated diet, equally restored close to control values upon treatment with Costus afer aqueous extract. This study, therefore, was able to establish an aqueous extract of Costus afer leave as an antidote for crude oil intoxication.
Basic aspects of Pharmacovigilance (Clinical Research & Pharmacovigilance).pptxDureshahwar khan
The slides in this presentation mainly focus on History and Progress of Pharmacovigilance, significance of safety monitoring and Pharmacovigilance in India & International aspects.
The emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) against first-line drugs and extensively drug resistant TB (XDRTB)
due to misuse of second-line anti tubercular drugs (ATDs) is a further concern. Recommended treatment involves
long term and multiple drug therapy with severe side effects. Due to this concern nanoparticle-based systems
have significant potential for treatment and prevention of tuberculosis (TB) to overcome the need to administer
ATDs at high and frequent doses, would assist in improving patient compliance and circumvent hepatotoxic ity
and/or nephrotoxicity/ocular toxicity/ototoxicity associated with the prevalent first-line chemotherapy.
Nanostructured delivery systems constitute a wide range of systems varying from liposomes, micelles, micro- and
nanoemulsions, to polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs ) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Pulmonary administration
of inhaled nanoparticles in the form of dry powder inhalers offer particular advantages for pulmonary administration
of anti tubercular drugs (ATDs). Present review comprehensively about different approaches of nanobased
drug delivery, devises and techniques for pulmonary delivery of nanoparticle encapsulated ATD.
Evaluation of anti-anxiety activity of ethanolic extract of rhus mysorensis o...SriramNagarajan16
The aim of this study is to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical screening and anti-anxiety activity of the ethanolic extract
of areal parts of Rhus mysorensis in rat models. The ethanolic extract of Rhus mysorensis was prepared using 97% ethanol
72hrs by maceration. The oral dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract was evaluated for the activity in elevated plus maze
and open field models. The obtained results have shown that the Rhus mysorensis ethanolic extract shown the presence of
flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins and steroids and also shown the significant anti-anxiety activity on wistar rats on
dose dependent manner. based on the results it is concluded that the ethanolic extract of areal parts of Rhus mysorensis is
having significant anti-anxiety activity on wistar rats. Further investigation is required by using the purified compound to
evaluate and isolation of the phytochemicals responsible for the anti-anxiety activity of ethanolic extract of Rhus mysorensis
The Efficacy of Biological Therapies for Psoriasis - Review Articlepaperpublications3
Abstract: Background: it is indicated that Biological Therapies has great effect in dealing with Psoriasis. Differences in response rates of biologics for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis have been reported in many published articles.
Objective: this paper aims to declare the effectiveness of biological therapies for psoriasis.
Methods: using the search engine PubMed to prepare comprehensive literature about the specified topic.
Main results: it is indicated that psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease condition that involves altered expression of a broad spectrum of proinflammatory cytokines which are associated with activation of T cells and proliferation of keratinocytes.
Conclusion: The introduction of targeted biologic therapies has greatly improved the treatment options for psoriasis although the pathogenesis of the autoimmune skin disease has not been fully elucidated. The potential for psoriasis disease is implicit because altered expressions of cutaneous and systemic cytokines are well demonstrated in psoriasis patients.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Background: The probable mechanism of an earlier reported capacity of palm oil extracts to confer protection
against high dose cadmium poisoning in rats was reported in this study. Similar experimental design earlier reported
by us was retained. Rats therefore were sacrificed at intervals of twelve; twenty four and forty eight hours post CdCl2
insult.
Results: Oxidative stress and antioxidant status (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione)
were assessed in tissues (liver, kidney, heart, brain, muscle) and serum. Oxidative stress indicators showed a significantly
(p < 0.05) increased lipid peroxidation and alterations in antioxidant defence systems occasioned by drop in
catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes (serum, liver, heart, brain and kidneys) of the rats. Also observed were
significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the non-enzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione over time. Pre-administration of
rats with the crude palm oil and its extracts modulated cadmium mediated depletion of the antioxidant capacities of
rats acutely exposed to cadmium and rising lipid peroxidation profile.
Conclusions: Regulation of stress and antioxidant response was the underlying mechanism by which the extracts
conferred protection against high dose cadmium insult thus suggesting its potential as a viable therapeutic target
against its deleterious effects.
Preliminary phytochemical analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of leaf extract...Jing Zang
Epiprinus mallotiformis (Muell.) is a tree belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae grows in the evergreen forests of the Western Ghats. The present study was performed to investigate the preliminary phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of E. mallotiformis the powdered leaf materials was subjected to soxhlet extraction successively by using low polar to high polar solvents. The antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts was performed by agar well diffusion method. The preliminary phytochemical analysis shows the presence of Flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroidsand tannins. Among the extracts methanol extract shows the significant activity when compare to all the solvent extracts. The maximum inhibition was found in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhifungi shows greater inhibition was found in Microsporumgypseum, Trichophytonrubrum, Chrysosporiummerdarium. The leaves of E. mallotiformiscould be used in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections; the presence of various phytochemicals might be the responsible for these activities of the extract. Further studies on isolation of constituents from the extract and their biological activities are under investigation.
Information of Remdesivir Drug. Remdesivir antiviral drug, GS-441524, valkury, Gilead science, Best drug for COVID-19 (SARS COV-2) , RNA inhibiter drug , Emergency approved by FDA. GS-5734. Made from Ribose synthesis.
The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of harmful impacts of xenobiotics in animals is attracting an increasing attention in recent times. The aim of the current study is to assess the preventive potential of Costus afer aqueous leaves extract (CAAE) in treating metabolic aberrations imposed by crude oil contaminated diet in Wistar albino rats. Six groups of rats were treated as follows: A = Normal diet; B= Normal diet + 100 mg/kg body weight of CAAE; C =Normal diet + 200 mg/kg body weight of CAAE; D= Crude oil contaminated diet; E= crude oil contaminated diet + 100 mg/kg body weight of CAAE, F = crude oil contaminated diet + 200 mg/kg body weight of CAAE. After thirty days of exposure to the diet and administration of the corresponding plant extracts, the rats were sacrificed with chloroform and the required organs were excised. The hematological indices, as well as function indicators and levels of drug metabolizing enzymes in the liver and kidney, were investigated with standard protocols. The results indicated that the hematological parameters and kidney and liver function indices were altered in rats fed with crude oil contaminated diet. However, the values came close to those in control rats when Costus afer aqueous extracts were administered. Similarly, the activities of oxidase enzymes (aldehyde oxidase, monoamine oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and sulphite oxidase), following their inhibition by the ingestion of crude oil contaminated diet, equally restored close to control values upon treatment with Costus afer aqueous extract. This study, therefore, was able to establish an aqueous extract of Costus afer leave as an antidote for crude oil intoxication.
Basic aspects of Pharmacovigilance (Clinical Research & Pharmacovigilance).pptxDureshahwar khan
The slides in this presentation mainly focus on History and Progress of Pharmacovigilance, significance of safety monitoring and Pharmacovigilance in India & International aspects.
Histological effects of pre-exposure prophylactic consumption of sulfa drugs ...IOSR Journals
Health concerns over pre-exposure prophylactic abuse of drugs have been reported. However,
histological perspectives are not very common. This work is designed to investigate the morphological
alteration of visceral organs (kidney and liver) of albino Wister rats pre-exposed to prophylactic consumption of
sulfonamide based drugs. 30 albino rats of both sexes, with average weight of 198.50g were randomly selected
into 4 treatment cages (A, B, C & D) and a Control cage (E) making a total of 6 rats per cage. Graded dose of
Laridox(sp) were orally administered to the rats. Cages A-D received 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 mg/kg body weight
respectively. Cage E serves as the control group and received no drug treatment. Commercially purchased
drinking water, standard top feed(R) was given ad libitum, for 21 days. The animals were weighed before and
after commencement of drug administration. Dullness and restlessness were observed and was carefully noted
on all treated animals, but were marked in high dose treated animals in (Cages C and D). On day 22, the
animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation; gross examination was done and was quickly fixed in 10%
buffered neutral formalin for routine histological study. Cut tissue at 3-5mm was processed according to
paraffin embedding technique while section was cut at 3-5microns using haematoxylin and eosin method for
light microscopy. Grossly, the organs of the high dose treatment animals in Cage C and D showed no apparent
changes while histological findings after H&E method indicated that the treatment sections showed
inflammatory cells, congested glomerulus, haematoma, thickening of the interstitial cells and vacuolation with
congestive and tubular necrosis as compared to the control group. Decrease in body weights of the rats at the
end of the study were statistically significant (p < 0.05) in the treatment groups B, C and D. Hence, this study
shows that pre-exposure prophylactic consumption of sulfonamide based drugs used at a higher doses may have
such cellular defects /adverse effects on the visceral organs of human in a similar circumstances.
At the end of 2019, a novel virus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome spread globally. There are currently no effective drugs targeting SARS CoV 2. In this study, based on the analysis of numerous references and selected methods of computational chemistry, the strategy of integrative structural modification of small molecules with antiviral activity into potential active complex molecules has been presented. Proposed molecules have been designed based on the structure of triterpene oleanolic acid and complemented by structures characteristic of selected anti COVID therapy assisted drugs. Their pharmaceutical molecular parameters and the preliminary bioactivity were calculated and predicted. The results of the above analyses show that among the designed complex substances there are potential antiviral agents directed mainly on SARS CoV 2. Dr. Ashutosh Tripathi "Chemical Analysis of Anti-Covid Medications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51724.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/51724/chemical-analysis-of-anticovid-medications/dr-ashutosh-tripathi
Patient compliance: Challenges in management of cardiac diseases in Kuala Lum...pharmaindexing
Background
The objective of this study was to investigate the degree of compliance among cardiac patients who attend the health facilities in Kuala Lumpur and Perak, Malaysia. The reasons for non-compliance and recommendations from healthcare professionals were also evaluated.
Method
A cross-sectional study of 400 patients and 100 healthcare professionals was carried out. This study utilizes variables on external factors and internal factors as the measurement tools. The questionnaire which consists of Morisky self-reported medication adherence questions was administered to patients and causes for non-compliance sought. Questionnaire for healthcare professionals was used to determine strategies that can improve compliance rate.
Results
The study revealed a 15.8% of high adherence rate, 54.3% of moderate adherence rate and 30% of poor adherence to cardiovascular disease medications. The chi-square tests showed the strong association between dependent and independent variables. The model chosen for testing the patient compliance through external and internal factors gives an R2 value of 85.0% with an adjusted R2 of 84.7%. The F value (317.187) was also significant (p=0.000) which means that the variables have better fit in the multivariate model. The major reasons determined for non-adherence were attitudes and beliefs, lifestyle, side effects and cost of medications. The study recommends that pharmacists and dispensing technicians should be adequately qualified to provide proper counselling to cardiac patients on their medicines and disease conditions.
Conclusion
The result of this study is of value to health care providers. Compliance to cardiovascular medications will avoid treatment failures encountered in therapy.
Overview on Recurrence Pregnancy Loss etiology and risk factorspharmaindexing
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) can be defined as more than two to three consecutive miscarriages before 20 weeks’ gestation; it affects approximately 1% to 2% of women. RPL is a multifactorial disease. It is very important to study the etiology and risk factors of RPL to find the best diagnostic tests and suitable therapeutic intervention. This article will discuss the current understanding etiologies and risk factors of RPL.
Novel treatments for asthma: Corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory agents.pharmaindexing
Asthma management is a challenge due to the prevalence of disease in the world. Based on the immunological and inflammatory mechanisms of asthma, corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory participate greatly in the treatment plan. Due to different reasons, there is still an unmet need to develop new agents in this field. A lot of compounds with anti-inflammatory effect are investigated in both pre-clinical and clinical studies.
A review on liver disorders and screening models of hepatoprotective agentspharmaindexing
The liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. It has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of bio chemicals necessary for digestion. The liver is necessary for survival; there is currently no way to compensate for the absence of liver function long term, although liver dialysis can be used short term.
Carbamazepine induced Steven Johnson syndrome: A case reportpharmaindexing
Drugs are the most common cause that induces Steven Johnson syndrome (SJS) and includes antiepileptic drugs, antiretroviral drugs, anti-tuberculosis drugs, Sulphonamides, fluoroquinolones, penicillins, non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Multivitamins. The genetic markers are also the cause for carbamazepine induced Steven Johnson Syndrome. In our study, the antiepileptic drug (Carbamazepine) is the cause for Steven Johnson Syndrome. A female patient aged 25 years came to the hospital with the complaints of bubbling over the skin and all over the body with papillary vesicles associated with pain and irritation, fever, myalgia, and nausea. The patient is known case of Phenytoin induced Steven Johnson Syndrome. In this case the patient developed the Steven Johnson Syndrome approximately after one month after starting the carbamazepine.By the withdrawal of the drug, the condition of the patient was improved.
Monoherbal formulation development for laxative activitypharmaindexing
The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia specifically approves flaxseed as a poultice for boils externally and demulcent or laxative internally. In this study monoherbal formulation development for laxative activity of flaxseed was undertaken. The plantLinumusitatissimumhasshowed higher percentage of total ash as well as alcohol soluble extractive values. The aqueous extract of Linumusitatissimumwas prepared by using pilot scale extraction plant and spray drying unit. The qualitative phytochemical studies reveal the presence of amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins and proteins. From the available literatures it was found that Linumusitatissimum contains more number of amino acids. The formulated tablets showed acceptable pharmacopoeial limits and complies with specifications for thickness, hardness, friability and weight variation. The formulation has showed better laxative activity indicating additive property of the combined phytoconstituents of the plant.
Monoherbal formulation development for laxative activitypharmaindexing
The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia specifically approves flaxseed as a poultice for boils externally and demulcent or laxative internally. In this study monoherbal formulation development for laxative activity of flaxseed was undertaken. The plantLinumusitatissimumhasshowed higher percentage of total ash as well as alcohol soluble extractive values. The aqueous extract of Linumusitatissimumwas prepared by using pilot scale extraction plant and spray drying unit. The qualitative phytochemical studies reveal the presence of amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins and proteins. From the available literatures it was found that Linumusitatissimum contains more number of amino acids. The formulated tablets showed acceptable pharmacopoeial limits and complies with specifications for thickness, hardness, friability and weight variation. The formulation has showed better laxative activity indicating additive property of the combined phytoconstituents of the plant.
Pneumonia and respiratory failure from swine origin influenza H1n1pharmaindexing
Swine influenza (swine flu) became alarming health concern when World Health Organization declared as “public health emergency of international concern” on April 25, 2009. After documentation of human-to-human transmission of the virus in at least three countries of two WHO regions, the WHO raised the pandemic level to 6.1 During the 1918, flu pandemic infected one-third of the world's population (an estimated 500 million people) and caused approximately 50 million deaths.2 In 1976, an outbreak of swine influenza occurred in New Jersey, USA, which involved more than 200 cases, some of them severe, resulting in one death.3 In 1988, another fatality was reported as a complication of swine influenza.
A descriptive study on newborn care among postnatal mothers in selected mater...pharmaindexing
The newborn health challenge faced by India is more formidable than that experienced by any other country in the world. The newborn health is inevitably affected by the traditional care practices of the mothers causing high infant morbidity and mortality.The aim of the study were determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of postnatal mothers regarding new born care and find out the association between knowledge, attitude and practice of postnatal mothers regarding new born care and to determine the association between these as well as with the selected demographic variables. A descriptive study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of postnatal mothers regarding new born care in selected maternity centres in Madurai. Survey approach was employed to select sample and it consisted of 100 postnatal mothers. Data was collected using structured interview schedule. Findings of the study showed that 65% of postnatal mothers had moderate knowledge; 61% had favourable attitude and 57% of them had high practice of new born care. There was a significant association between knowledge and attitude (r=+0.567), knowledge and practice (r=+0.388), attitude and practice (r=+0.321) .There was a significant association between knowledge and education, monthly family income and obstetrical score at p<0.05. Findings of the study indicated the need to conduct frequent assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of postnatal mothers regarding new born care. Awareness and attitude of the mothers towards new born care still has lots of lacunae especially in those who belong to the lower socio economic statusand poorly educated postnatal mothers. So it is imperative to provide comprehensive training in the field of new born care for mothers during pregnancy
Late 19th century was evident of intelligent biomaterial; which has changed researcher’s perspective towards science and technology. This intelligent biomaterial are envisioned to have huge impact on Healthcare from sequential signalling of biomedical molecule, mimicking natural gene, an effective drug carrier, to high resolution diagnostic tool.From drug discovery aspect many of NCE fail to reach therapeutic potential due to PK/ PD profile. Nanotechnology has changed the face of drug discovery form chemical evaluation to structure of proteins in signalling pathways and development of chemical antibody. Nanotechnology from lab to market approval is long process due to regulatory evaluation. Though it seems to be bright future market it has to go through a long process from being innovation to complete market product. This makes whole process expensive making investor reluctant to invest in big projects.Western world is aware of dramatic potential of nano-projects; which has its limitation in financial investments; with major challenge of transforming nano science to commercial pharmaceutical product.
The Flaws in health practice in post-operative management of a patient in ter...pharmaindexing
Introduction
Congenital urinary tract obstructions are common cause of kidney damage sometimes which sometimes presents itself without symptoms leading to abnormalities in blood filtration and consequently retarded kidney function. A cohort study was conducted in such patient to find out the short comings in treatment strategy.
Case presentation
A four years old child, weighing 14 kg was brought with severe constipation, fever, chest congestion and cough later developed left eye disorientation after admission to hospital, diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction, indicating acidosis and loss of electrolytes due to excessive loss of water. His therapy management included surgical treatment, dialysis and to improve his electrolyte levels within the normal with the treatment chest congestion and fever.
Conclusion
This case study reports the post operative treatment of congenital urinary tract obstructions in a tertiary care hospital and highlights the discrepancies observed. Antibiotic rationality and irrational prescribing was observed. The case study highlights the need of a clinical pharmacist in the health care team.
Corticosteroid induced disorders – An overviewpharmaindexing
Glucocorticoids are important in the treatment of many inflammatory, allergic, immunologic, and malignant disorders, and the toxicity of glucocorticoids is one of the commonest causes of iatrogenic illness associated with chronic inflammatory disease.Glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy is characterized by fast-twitch or type II muscle fiber atrophy. Corticosteroid (CS) therapy is widely used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases.Osteoporosis remains one of its major complications.Steroid induced glaucoma is a form of open angle glaucoma occurring as an adverse effect of corticosteroid therapy. Glucocorticoids induce hepatic and extrahepatic insulin resistance.Glucocorticoid treatment impairs both glucose transport in fat and muscle cells. Corticosteroid-induced psychosis represents a spectrum of psychological changes that can occur at any time during treatment. Cushing’s syndrome describes the signs and symptoms associated with prolonged exposure to inappropriately high levels of the hormone cortisol. Physicians must be aware of these adverse effects and be equipped to manage them.
Anti-inflammatory activity of pupalia lappacea L. Jusspharmaindexing
Pupalia lappacea (L) Juss is an erect shrub used in folklore medicine to treat bone fractures and in inflammatory conditions. Methanolic extract of aerial parts shown is claimed in traditional medicine that the leaves of the plant are used in the treatment of inflammation. In the present study, the methanolic extract of Pupalia lappacea was screened for its anti-inflammatory activity using carageenan induced rat paw edema egg white induced paw oedema models. The methanolic extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg p.o exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced paw edema model (p<0.01). In egg white induced model, methanolic extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg inhibited paw oedema significantly (p<0.01) indicating that both test samples inhibit the increase in number of fibroblasts and synthesis of collagen and mucopolysaccharides during prostaglandin formation during the inflammation. These experimental results have established a pharmacological evidence for the folklore claim of the drug to be used as an anti inflammatory agent. HPTLC analysis of the extract shows the presence of gallic acid 1.24mg/ml, ferulic acid 2.00mg/ml, chlorogenic acid 46.25mg/ml and rutin 7.02mg/ml of the extract which were responsible for the claimed anti-inflammatory action in the animal models studied.
Bioactivity screening of Soil bacteria against human pathogenspharmaindexing
Microorganisms have a profound effect on medical science as they not only infect & cause disease but also produce metabolic products that can cure infections. Soil happens to be a source for a variety of microorganisms. Most of the bacteria, particularly actinomycetes produce biologically active secondary metabolites. Though there are a number of antibiotics available, there is a pressing need for the discovery of new source for antimicrobials against the pathogens due to the development of drug resistance of the pathogenic microorganisms. In addition to, new pathogenic strains are also developing and causing infection to human beings. Bioactive compounds are compounds that are produced by any living organism and are known to exhibit various biological activities both in-vitro & in-vivo. Bioactivity may be antimicrobial, antineoplastic, anticancerous, immunomodulation, antifertility & others. Soil bacteria were isolated by standard technique and by making use of selective media. The isolates were identified and subjected for preliminary screening to look for their ability to produce bioactive materials. A total of 96 strains were isolated from three different soil samples. 14 of them were found to have antibacterial activity against the human pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, E.coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aureginosa and Salmonella typhi by preliminary screening. Further the selected (3) bacteria were grown in the suitable culture media for the production of bioactive metabolites by using rotary shake flask. The active metabolites was isolated by solvent extraction and concentrated by evaporation under reduced pressure. The antimicrobial screening of the active metabolites showed prominent effect against the clinical pathogens under the study.
A study on sigmoid Volvulus presentation and managementpharmaindexing
A study on sigmoid volvulus presentation and management was a 2yr retrospective study done at RMMCH.The diagnosis of sigmoid volvulus was made from a history of large bowel obstruction (constipation, abdominal distension, and abdominal pain), which were often recurrent and plain abdominal radiographs.The morbidity associated isSuperficial wound infection occurred in four patients. All the infected wounds eventually healed with conservative measures. Clinical anastomotic dehiscence was noted in 1 patient for which during relaparotomy proximal colostomy and mucous fistula was done. The mortality associated is shown is there were 9 deaths of which 7 were due to sepsis and 2 were due to comorbid illness. Two out of eight patients for whom a colopexy was done had a recurrent attack of sigmoid volvulus. The duration of hospital stay ranged between 10 and 21 days. Use of sigmoidoscopic detorsion for viable colon should be encouraged. Sigmoidopexy, which is associated with a recurrence rate of 20% in our series of patients, should be used selectively.Hartmann’s procedure is a safe option in sigmoid volvulus with gangrenous bowel. Primary anastomosis in emergency situation can be carried out with morbidity and mortality in patients with viable colon
Evaluation of Preliminary phytochemical on various some medicinal plantspharmaindexing
The present study was carried out to evaluate the physical status and percentage yield of methanolic extract and its fractions of whole plant of Leucas cephalotes, leaves of Hiptage benghalensis and leaves of Kydia calycina were recorded for future references and Preliminary phytochemical screening of MLC, MHB and MKC revealed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, steroidal and phenolic compounds. MLC revealed the presence of all the above mentioned phytoconstituents except saponins and also MKC steroidal compounds. The fractions of MLC, MHB and MKC revealed the presence of glycosides, phenolic compounds, steroids and flavonoids.
Comparision of in vitro antibacterial activity of cefoperazone and levofloxac...pharmaindexing
Cefoperazone (a third generation cephalosporin) has effective in vitro activity against majority of pathogens. Levofloxacin (a flouroquinolone) is one which prescribed more due to its increased antibacterial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and atypical bacteria. Microbial resistance to antibiotics is now prevalent and poses a serious clinical threat. An attempt has been made to evaluate sensitivity of Cefoperazone and Levofloxacin against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi. A total of 120 isolates were collected from different pathological laboratories and medical centers in Karachi, Pakistan. The above stated clinical isolates were extracted from urine/stool, skin, blood and sputum samples. Results show least resistance of Levofloxacin as compare to Cefoperazone against Escherichia coli (32.5% and 42.5%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36% and 48%) while Staphylococcus aureus is still susceptible towards Cefoperazone and least sensitive to Levofloxacin by showing 26.6% and 50% resistance respectively. Study concluded that the prevalent pathogens are still susceptible towards Levofloxacin and Cefoperazone but the gradual increase in resistance is alarming to the general practice of prescribing antibiotic which require routine evaluation and surveillance to ensure the effectiveness of the antibacterial agents.
Concept of srotas from ayurvedic perspective with special reference to neurologypharmaindexing
Ayurveda is a life science. The researchers of ayurveda could rule out the presence of srotas (channels) spreading throughout the human body. These srotas (channels) are governed by vayu which is using all the srotas (channels) of the body to carry out the functional and physiological activities of the human body without which the human society will not exist. Several synonymous words have been described by the ayurvedicacharyas for srotas. Some are micro and some are macro in structures and they adopt the same colour of the particular dhatus of the body to which it belongs. The aim of the study is to justify that srotas are nothing but innurmerable channels or pathways of the nervous system governed by electric current without which no functional and physiological activities of the human body will develope.
Health promotion survey in overweight and obese students of universities in n...pharmaindexing
Introduction
Overweight and obesity is one of the major health problems in the UK and worldwide. Approximately two-thirds of the population in the UK is either overweight or obese. Overweight and obesity is an important issue that causes distress to most women. Health promotion is the best method to educate overweight and obese women. It is defined as the process enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health by Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. It is aimed to enhance the well-being of the individuals and their positive attitudes towards prevention of various diseases. In order to make any improvement to the health promotion for overweight and obesity, the risk factors and the opinions from the public should first be identified and addressed.
Methods
Cross-sectional survey design was selected with a questionnaire that consisted of 20 open and close ended questions. A sample size of 196 was determined. The data thus gathered was analyzed using SPSS V20 (Statistical Package for Social Science version 20). Descriptive statistics (fx) and (SD) were used and Chi-square X2 test for association was employed.
Results
Out of the total 196 responses, only (40%) of the students had normal weight (SD 1.1), (25%) students had a good understanding of health promotion (SD 1.6), half (50%) appeared concerned about their weight (SD 0.5), (60%) had an obese family member (0.5). The BMI of students was associated with the presence of an obese member in their family and their weight as a concern for them. (P-value <0.05).
Conclusion
The health promotion service is beneficial as it was found to have raised concerns in the mind of the students regarding over weight and obesity. However it was observed that the understanding of health promotion service was different among students and this is the root of the problem.
A study on current marketed formulation of unani medicine used in the treatme...pharmaindexing
can be divided into two types according to presence or absence of sugar in urine viz. ZIABETUS SADA(Ziabetus Barid) and ZIABETUS SHAKRI (Ziabetus Har). Diabetes Mellitus (Zayabetus) is one of the most important lifestyle related disorders that is mostly widespread in urban areas. The Unani system of originated in Greece. Hippocrates is known as the father of Unani system of medicine. The theoretical framework of Unani system of medicine is based on his teachings.After a number of other greek Scholars enriched the system considerably. Of the Galen (131-120 AD) stands out as the one who established its foundation on which Arab physicians like Rhazes (850-925 AD) and Avicenna (980-1037 AD) constructed an imposing edifice. The number of people around the World suffering from diabetes has skyrocketed in the last two decades, from 30 to 230 millions. East Asian countries have the highest burden of diabetes. India comprises of 85% of the adult population of Southeast Asia and therefore the major contribution to diabetic population in South East Asia is from India. It has been estimated that India, considered as the diabetic capital of the World with more than 32 milion diabetes patients would continue to lead even at 2030 ith a whopping 80 million diabetics. So many brands and formulations are available in market like-Diab-Eaze,Dolabi Tablets,Herbo Diabecon,Gurmar Capsules,Neem Capsules,Fenugreek Capsules,Safoof- E- Ziabetes- Dulabi.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Lucinactant: A new solution in treating neonatal respiratory distress syndrome NRDS
1. * Corresponding author: Sidra Tanwir.
E-mail address: sidra_tanwir@yahoo.com
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IJAMSCR | Volume 2 | Issue 2 | April - June - 2014
www.ijamscr.com
Review article
Lucinactant: A new solution in treating neonatal respiratory
distress syndrome NRDS
Raafia Yousuf 1
, *Sidra Tanwir 2
and Atta Abbas 1,3
1
Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well Being, Faculty of Applied Sciences,
University of Sunderland, England, United Kingdom.
2
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi,
Sindh, Pakistan.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi,
Sindh, Pakistan.
ABSTRACT
Lucinactant is a novel synthetic surfactant, approved by the FDA on March 6th
2012, for use in treatment of
RDS. It’s superiority as compared to the previously approved surfactants lie in containing sinapultide, a 21-
amino acid peptide also known as KL4 peptide, which has been designed to mimic the activity of human
surfactant protein. Lucinactant is completely devoid of any animal derived components. It is the fifth drug
approved by the FDA for the treatment of RDS. It has shown immense efficacy in phase two clinical trials and
animal model studies and exhibited better efficiency when compared to other surfactants in both 24 hour and
two week mortality rates of infants in RDS. Lucinactant tends reduce the surface tension at the air-liquid
interface of alveolar surfaces and allows lungs to function normally. It was observed that the side effects were
lesser with Lucinactant when compared with other naturally derived surfactants.
Keywords: Lucinactant, surfactant, RDS, Sinapultide.
INTRODUCTION
In preterm infants one of the major causes of
morbidity and mortality is the respiratory failure
secondary to the deficiency of surfactants. RDS
was first characterized as surfactant deficiency
disease of the newborn by Avery and Mead in
1959. [4]
In neonates the Respiratory Distress
Syndrome is caused by the incomplete
development of lungs, observed in the birth of pre
term infants sometimes it can also be genetic.
Generally pre term infants are infants born prior to
37 weeks of gestation, but surfactant trials with
preterm infants have included those between 23
and 34 weeks’ gestation and/or with birth weights
between 500 and 2000 grams since this deficiency
is caused by the presence of immature type II
pneumocytes which are only capable of producing
surfactants after 20 weeks of gestation. Respiratory
insufficiency in both term and preterm neonates
leads to multi organ dysfunction; it was observed
that the main cause of this was the deficiency or
absence of surfactants which are a mixture of
phospholipids, neutral lipids and protein and it
reduces the surface tension in the alveolar spaces
by acting at the air liquid interface. The
administration of exogenous surfactants in such
cases enabled the fetal lungs to not only recycle
this surfactant but also enhanced the lung maturity
and surfactant production, hence making the
surfactant replacement therapy to be highly
beneficial. Surfactant therapy substantially reduces
mortality and respiratory morbidity for this
population[1]
. Surfactant replacement was
established as an effective and safe therapy for
immaturity-related surfactant deficiency by the
early 1990s [2]
. Study of various clinical trials has
International Journal of Allied Medical Sciences
and Clinical Research (IJAMSCR)
2. Sidra Tanwir et al / Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Research Vol-2(2) 2014 [92-96]
www.ijamscr.com
~ 93 ~
provided evidence that the use of surfactant therapy
tends to increase the survival rate of these infants
without any increment on the risk of occurrence of
long term disabilities. Thus, surfactant replacement
is associated with an absolute increase in the
number of preterm infants who survive with and
without disabilities. [3]
The first clinical use of exogenous surfactant to
treat RDS was by Fujiwara and colleagues in 1980
[5]
Since 1989, several animal derived surfactant
preparations have been developed, each surfactant
being more concentrated and tending to have a
more rapid onset and longer duration of action. [6]
But the mortality and morbidity due to RDS was
still a leading cause of concern. The first synthetic
containing peptide surfactant, Lucinactant was
approved by FDA on March 6, 2012. Discovery
labs evaluate about its commercial availability in
2012. [7]
It is hoped that the development of
protein-containing synthetic surfactant, such as
lucinactant, will rival the efficacy of natural
surfactants, but without the risks of their possible
side effects. [8]
Lucinactant, is the novel synthetic surfactant
containing sinapultide, which is an engineered
peptide that imitates the action of human surfactant
protein B. It tends to work by lowering the surface
tension in the lungs and also by, enhancing the
ability of the surfactant to spread better.
Lucinactant is generally well tolerated. Adverse
effects are transient and related to the
administration procedure. [9]
In addition; it may
have an inherent and distinct ability to modulate
lung inflammation. [10]
Its superior activity as
compared to the previously used animal derived
natural surfactant is mainly attributed to the
presence of sinapultide. Uniformity of surfactant
distribution has been shown to improve as the
volume of surfactant administered is increased. [11]
The improvement in expansion pattern is
suggestive of more uniform distribution of the
surfactant that is likely reflective of the relatively
higher dosing volume of lucinactant as compared
with both animal derived surfactants. [12]
The incidence of RDS was compared and observed
after 24 hours in preterm neonates receiving
lucinactant and synthetic non-protein containing
surfactants in a randomized, prophylaxis double
blinded trial and it was observed that the rate was
considerably lower in patients receiving
lucinactant. In another similar trial the rate of
survival of neonates with RDS without
bronchopulmonary dysplasia was observed after 28
days, and lucinactant was not found to be inferior
to the other synthetic surfactant used.
The pharmacological data on lucinactant was
collected by performing in vitro studies or
observing pulmonary function studies on animals,
hence there is a lack of knowledge regarding the
pharmacokinetic behavior of lucinactant. The
distribution and absorption from the lungs into the
systemic circulation as well as its clearance is still
unknown. Similarly, the metabolic providence of
sinapultide is still unclear.
DISCUSSION
Lucinanctant, previously known as KL4 surfactant,
is a novel drug used in the treatment of RDS in
preterm neonates. Preceding the approval of
lucinactant, the FDA had approved the use of three
other surfactants; Colfosceril[13]
, was a synthetic
non protein containing surfactant whereas
Poractant α[14]
and Beractant[15]
were both animal
derived surfactants. Although these animals’
derived surfactants showed satisfactory results in
the patients the predicament lied with the low level
of proteins that they carried and the presence of
risk of disease transmission whereas the synthetic
surfactant contained only the phospholipids but
lacked the surface proteins. Evidence suggested
that synthetic surfactants consisting solely of
phospholipids can be improved through the
addition of peptides, such as sinapultide, that
mimic the action of human surfactant protein-B
(SP-B). SP-B is elaborately involved in supporting
the ventilation in alveoli. Due to its slight
hydrophobic property it helps in formation of a
surface active film which tends to lower the surface
tension. It also plays a fundamental role in
maturation of surfactant. A synthetic surfactant
containing a mimic of SP-B may also reduce the
potential risks associated with the use of animal-
derived products [16]
. The exclusivity of lucinactant
among other surfactants lies in the presence of
sinapultide, which imitates the action and function
of SP-B, and hence helps in avoiding the
complications and mortality associated with its
defficiency.
Three phase II studies have been conducted on
infants at high risk of RDS [17]
and another phase II
study in infants with BPD, in order to compare and
establish the efficacy of Lucinactant as compared
to the previously used surfactants where it has
shown greater or equivalent effectiveness. However
the role of lucinactant in the study conducted on
3. Sidra Tanwir et al / Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Research Vol-2(2) 2014 [92-96]
www.ijamscr.com
~ 94 ~
adults with ARD’s showed inconclusive or
ineffective results.
In order to study the pharmacokinetics of the drug
in vitro models were prepared due to the inherent
intricacies of primary human lung cell cultures and
whole animal studies. The Cultured Human Airway
Epithelial Cells (Calu-3) model is an in vitro model
developed to study the mechanism of hyperoxia or
positive pressure induced lung injury [18]
and to
evaluate any new therapies which mimics the
human respiratory function, structure and
inflammatory responses. The studies conducted on
this model showed lucinactant to be more
protective than other animal derived surfactants.
However the pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamic understanding is still an ongoing
process, owing to the obvious impediments
involved in studying the distribution, metabolism
and excretion pattern of the drug within the actual
sample population of RDS. Though, the FDA
recognizes that since the well-established preterm
lamb model represents an acceptable animal model
of RDS, this model could serve as an alternative to
a clinical trial in human preterm infants[19]
and the
pre clinical carried on such models were considered
to provide sufficient evidence for the approval of
the use of lucinactant. The actual knowledge
regarding the fate of the drug in the human body is
still an area of interest and is being explored.
Further studies and development of techniques to
achieve a complete understanding is of high
beneficence in order to ensure long term safety and
complete evaluation of the lucinactant.
Specific surfactants are considered not only in term
of the clinical but also in terms of the
pharmacoeconomic outcomes, so as to assess the
value of each product in the class since with the
continous rise in the healthcare cost economic
evaluation of therapies has become an integral part
of the clinical decision process. The reintubations
and consequent Mechanical ventilation (MV) are
not only allied with increased mortality and
morbidities but also an increase in hospital and
individual expenditure. A recently published study
showed that reintubation with MV was
administered in 35% to 47% of preterm infants
treated with exogenous surfactant and appears to be
an independent risk factor predictive of major
morbidity and mortality [20]
. The morbidities due to
MV include pneumonia, sepsis and BPD whereas
extended placement of enotracheal tubes or
repetitive intubations may lead to bradycardia,
subglottic stenosis or tracheomalacia. Studies
conducted by comparing the reintubation rates
between infants receiving different surfactants
showed a significant decrease with the use of
lucinactant and a substantial cost saving. This
decline in the reintubation rates with lucinactant
was attributable to SP-B like activity of sinapultide.
Lucinactant is not only more resistant to plasma
proteins and oxidants but also modulates the
inflammatory process in lungs [21]
.
The American Association for Respiratory Care
(AARC) clinical practice guidelines 2013 for the
use of surfactant therapy provide the
administration, prophylaxis, administration,
multiple dose strategy and preparations for all
surfactants used in RDS. Prophylactic
administration is for preterm infants who are
believed to be at high risk for developing RDS
while therapeutic administration for full term or pre
term infants who are suspected to have a surfactant
deficiency. However these guidelines contradict the
use of surfactants in case of congenital anomalies
incompatible with life beyond the neonatal period,
respiratory distress in spite of mature lungs in
infants and diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic
hernia. It is also essential to establish valid
indications for administration. Natural surfactants
are preferred over the synthetic ones as they shown
better surface absorption and better lowering of
surface tension, whereas the synthetic surfactant
Lucinactant tend to show better batch control with
lesser variation. These guidelines also accentuate
the use of multi dose strategy rather than a single
dose strategy.
Lucinatant is an equally potent therapeutic option
as the animal derived surfactants although the lack
of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data on
lucinactant does not ascertain the efficacy of one
class of surfactant over another at this point. Global
research on the various aspects of administration,
pharmacoeconomics and pharmacological facets
should be supported in order to establish the most
efficacious treatment plan to counter neonatal
respiratory distress syndrome NRDS[23]
.
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