Two diterpenoid compounds were isolated from the medicinal herb Andrographis paniculata. The compounds had similar labdane skeleton structures but different hydroxyl group attachments and double bond positions. One compound was identified as andrographolide, while the other was a related compound called 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide. Centrifugal thin layer chromatography was found to be an effective technique for separating and isolating the compounds. Spectroscopic analysis helped determine the structures of the isolated compounds.

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CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
5.1 Conclusion
Two ent-labdane diterpenoid type of natural products were isolated from the
aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata, a local bitter-taste medicinal herb. It was
found that the two isolated compounds had the same skeleton structure, i.e.
labdane-like structure with the presence of an α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactone function.
The first isolated compound, andrographolide was found to have 3 hydroxyl
groups, with 2 attached to the labdane homocyclic ring, while another hydroxyl
group attached to the lactone. 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, the
second isolated compound, however, was found to have only 2 hydroxyl groups
and an addition of a unsaturated vinylic function at C-11 and C-12. From the
hypothetical biosynthesis schemes provided, it was clear that the lactone attached
hydroxyl group of andrographolide were eliminated as water, and forms 14-
deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide through a series of carbocation-electron
transfers. It was concluded that CTLC was a much better separation technique
than the traditional CC as the former utilizes UV light for visualization during the
separation process, which ease the compound isolation and consumed less time.

2. 96
However, the only disadvantage of using CTLC was the limitation of the sample
introduced into the system, which made CC to be the essential chromatographic
technique to isolate a mixture of products. The spectral analysis techniques,
especially IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments were proved to be very useful
and essential in deducing the structure of the isolated compound.
5.2 Future Studies
Since the plant was not well studied in Malaysia, the scope of the study can be
further continued by isolating more compounds from Andrographis paniculata
collected from Malaysia, which may contribute to the discovery of new
compounds from the plant, potentially contributing to health benefits and
bioactivities that can be applied to the medicinal field.
Electrolysis can be carried out to further study the electrochemical activity of the
natural compounds and contributes towards new chemistry that may arise.
Biological studies of these compounds could also be carried out by other
researchers in order to fully explore their potential in pharmacological uses.

3. 97
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