lecture on FMPE (Farm Machinery Power Engineering) for B.Tech Agricultural Engineering students

1. Farm Power & Automotive
Engines
 History of Engine & Introduction of
Different Tractor Systems
Presented By: Akash S. KadDeshmukh
Contact No.: 9011109148 / 7219181537

2. CONTENT
A. Farm Power
B. Engine
C. Engine System
I. Intake & Exhaust System
II. Fuel System
III. Lubrication System
IV. Cooling System

3. 1. FARM POWER
 Sources of farm power :
 (1) Tractive work such as seed bed preparation, cultivation, harvesting and
transportation
 (2) Stationary work like silage cutting, feed grinding, threshing, winnowing
and lifting of irrigation water.
 These operations are done by different sources of power, namely human,
animal, oil engine, tractor, power tiller, electricity and renewable
energy (biogas, solar and wind).
 Types of farm power :
1. Human power
2. Animal power
3. Mechanical power
4. Renewable energy sources

4. 2. ENGINE
 A heat engine is a machine, which converts heat energy into
mechanical energy.
 Type of engines :
1. External combustion
2. Internal combustion.
 In a steam engine the combustion of fuel takes place outside the
engine and the steam thus formed is used to run the engine. Thus, it
is known as external combustion engine.
 In the case of internal combustion engine, the combustion of fuel
takes place inside the engine cylinder itself.

5. History of Engines
 Principle of steam Engine :- Jammes Watt- 1764
 Railway (Steam Engine):- Stepheson-1814
 Petrol Engine:-Nicolous Otto-1876
 Two Stroke Engine:- Clark-1880
 Diesel Engine :-Rudolf Diesel -1892
 Jet Engine :- F Whittle- 1930
 Aero plane Engine :-Wright Brothers- 1903
 Helicopter Engine:- Fock Henrich-1909

6. Type of Engine :
1. External combustion engine
I. Steam engine
2. Internal combustion engine
I. SI (spark ignition) engine
i. two stroke engine
ii. Four stroke engine
II. CI (compression ignition) engine
i. two stroke engine
ii. Four stroke engine

7. 3. ENGINE SYSTEM
1. Intake & Exhaust System
2. Fuel System
3. Lubrication System
4. Cooling System

8. 3.1. INTAKE & EXHAUST SYSTEM
 The intake and exhaust system deals with the inflow of fresh
air and the outflow of used gases in the engine.

9.  Air Intake System:
 This system allows fresh air to enter the engine.
 Its main parts are:
(i) Air Cleaner
(Ii) Supercharger (Auxiliary Unit)
(Iii) Intake Manifold
(Iv) Intake Port
(V) Intake Valve.

10.  Air Cleaner :
 The operating efficiency, good performance and durability of
an engine depend mainly upon its cleaner.
 It is a device, which cleans and filters the air before entering
the combustion chamber of an engine.
 Type of air cleaner :
(i) Oil wetted mesh type
(ii) Dry air type
(iii) Wet type or oil bath air cleaners.

11. Dry air cleaner

12. Oil bath air cleaner

13.  SUPERCHARGERS:
• A supercharger is a device for increasing the air pressure into the
engine so that more fuel can be burnt and the engine output
increased.
• The pressure inside the manifold of a supercharger engine will be
greater than the atmosphere pressure.
• Supercharged air is provided either by positive displacement rotary
blowers or by centrifugal blowers.
• These may belt driven by engine it self or from a separate power
source such as electric motor or from exhaust gas turbine

14.  Air Intake Manifold:
• The inlet manifold is required to deliver into the cylinders either a
mixture of fuel and air from the carburettor or only air from air-
cleaners.
• The inlet manifolds are made in one or two pieces either from cast
iron or aluminium alloy.
• They are also bolted from separate castings into a single unit.
• The manifold flanges are connected to the cylinder block or
cylinder head by means of asbestos-copper gaskets, studs and nuts.

15.  EXHAUST SYSTEM :
• The exhaust system collects exhaust gases from the engine and
expels them out.
• The system consists of :
(i) exhaust valve
(ii) exhaust port
(iii) exhaust manifold
(iv) turbo charger (auxiliary unit)
(v) muffler.

16.  EXHAUST MANIFOLD :
• The exhaust manifold collects exhaust gases from the exhaust ports
of various cylinders and conducts them from each end to a central
exhaust passage.
• The exhaust manifolds are designed to avoid the overlapping of
exhaust strokes as much as possible, thus keeping the back pressure
to a minimum.
• This is often done by dividing the exhaust manifold into two or
more branches so that no two cylinder will exhaust into the same
branch at the same time.

17.  TURBOCHARGER:
• This is an exhaust driven turbine, which drives a centrifugal
compressor wheel. The compressor
• passage is usually located between the air cleaner and engine
intake manifold, while the turbine
• is located between the exhaust manifold and muffler.

18.  MUFFLER :
• The muffler reduces the noise of the exhaust gases by reducing the
pressure of the used gases by slow expansion and cooling.
• The muffler contains a number of chambers through which the gas
flows.
• The gas is allowed to expand from the first passage into a much
larger second one and then to a still larger third one and so on, to the
final and largest passage which is connected to the tail (outlet) pipe of
muffler.

19. 3.2. FUEL SYSTEM
 Fuel is a substance consumed by the engine to produce energy.
• The common fuels for internal combustion engines are:
1. Petrol
2. Power kerosene
3. High speed diesel oil
4. Light diesel oil.

20. Fuel System
1. SI engine
2. CI engine
1. SI engine fuel supply system :
• The fuel supply system of spark ignition engine consists of:
(i) Fuel tank
(ii) Fuel filter
(iii) Sediment bowl
(iv) Fuel lift pump
(v) Carburettor
(vi) Fuel pipes
(vii) Inlet manifold

21.  FUEL SYSTEM OF DIESEL ENGINE :
 The main components of the fuel system in diesel engine are:
(1) fuel filter
(2) fuel lift pump
(3) fuel injection pump
(4) atomisers and
(5) high pressure pipe

22. 3.3. LUBRICATION SYSTEM
 I. C. engine is made of many moving parts there is :
• wearing moving parts
• generation of heat
• loss of power in the engine
 lubrication is essential to prevent all these harmful effects.
 Purpose of Lubrication:
(a) Reducing friction effect
(b) Cooling effect
(c) Sealing effect
(d) Cleaning effect.

23.  Type of Lubrication:
1. Splash Lubrication System
2. Force feed Lubrication System
3. Combination of force feed & Splash
4. Vapor Lubrication System

24.  LUBRICATION TYPE

25. 3.4. COOLING SYSTEM
 Component of Water Cooling System :
1. Radiator
2. Radiator Cap
3. Thermostat
4. Pump
5. Fan
6. Fan Belt
7. Hose Pipe