The document discusses the four phases of LTE RF planning:
1. Initial RF link budget uses propagation models to estimate coverage and number of sites needed.
2. Detailed propagation modeling refines site locations and antenna configurations using terrain data.
3. Fine-tuning incorporates drive test data and optimizes parameters like frequency planning.
4. Continuous optimization accommodates changes by collecting ongoing measurement data.
In this paper, we discussed about LTE system throughput calculation for both TDD and FDD system.
3GPP LTE technology support both TDD and FDD multiplexing. The paper describes all the factors which affect the throughput like Bandwidth, Modulation, UE category and mulplexing. It also describes how we get throughput 300Mbps in DL and 75Mbps in UL and what are assumptions taken to calculate the same.
Paper describes the steps and formulae to calculate the throughput for FDD system for TDD Config 1 and Config 2.
The throughput calculations shown in this paper is theoretical and limited by the assumptions taken to calculate for calculations
In this paper, we discussed about LTE system throughput calculation for both TDD and FDD system.
3GPP LTE technology support both TDD and FDD multiplexing. The paper describes all the factors which affect the throughput like Bandwidth, Modulation, UE category and mulplexing. It also describes how we get throughput 300Mbps in DL and 75Mbps in UL and what are assumptions taken to calculate the same.
Paper describes the steps and formulae to calculate the throughput for FDD system for TDD Config 1 and Config 2.
The throughput calculations shown in this paper is theoretical and limited by the assumptions taken to calculate for calculations
Drive Tests and Propagation Prediction software are the two methods that are used to check the coverage area of a particular wireless system. Generally prediction software is used in conjunction with the radio signal measurements in order to determine an accurate picture of signal propagation. In some cases, field measurements may be needed to be taken in order to calibrate the prediction software.
SDCCH definition, understanding, and troubleshooting.
What is the SDCCHs blocking rate?
The sdcch_blocking_rate statistic tracks the percentage of attempts to allocate an sdcch that were blocked due to no available sdcch resources
What LTE Parameters need to be Dimensioned and OptimizedHoracio Guillen
How to Dimension user Traffic in 4G networks
What is the best LTE Configuration
Spectrum analysis for LTE System
MIMO: What is real, What is Wishful thinking
LTE Measurements what they mean and how they are used
How to consider Overhead in LTE Dimensioning and What is the impact
How to take into account customer experience when Designing a Wireless Network
Drive Tests and Propagation Prediction software are the two methods that are used to check the coverage area of a particular wireless system. Generally prediction software is used in conjunction with the radio signal measurements in order to determine an accurate picture of signal propagation. In some cases, field measurements may be needed to be taken in order to calibrate the prediction software.
SDCCH definition, understanding, and troubleshooting.
What is the SDCCHs blocking rate?
The sdcch_blocking_rate statistic tracks the percentage of attempts to allocate an sdcch that were blocked due to no available sdcch resources
What LTE Parameters need to be Dimensioned and OptimizedHoracio Guillen
How to Dimension user Traffic in 4G networks
What is the best LTE Configuration
Spectrum analysis for LTE System
MIMO: What is real, What is Wishful thinking
LTE Measurements what they mean and how they are used
How to consider Overhead in LTE Dimensioning and What is the impact
How to take into account customer experience when Designing a Wireless Network
An introduction to Cellular communications Signaling, Specifically LTE Signaling.
Introducing 3GPP approach to handover and handoff mechanisms.
LTE architecture by alcatel-lucent included in this presentation.
This presentation focuses on mobility management protocols such as GTP-C and GTP-U.
Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks - A SurveyIJERA Editor
Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) have been emerged as a revolutionary solution to migrate the spectrum
scarcity problem in wireless networks. Due to increasing demand for additional spectrum resources, CRNs have
been receiving significant research to solve issues related with spectrum underutilization. This technology
brings efficient spectrum usage and effective interference avoidance, and also brings new challenges to routing
in multi-hop Cognitive Radio Networks. In CRN, unlicensed users or secondary users are able to use
underutilized licensed channels, but they have to leave the channel if any interference is caused to the primary or
licensed users. So CR technology allows sharing of licensed spectrum band in opportunistic and non-interfering
manner. Different routing protocols have been proposed recently based on different design goals under different
assumptions.
Company Name: - Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited (Rajasthan Circle)
Current Profile: RF Planning and Optimization Expert (RF Manager)
LTE, LTE Advanced
Responsibility: To Manage RF Network of Multi Carrier Bandwidth in LTE System
Working on 2300 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 850 MHz Dual Carrier C1 C2.
The project was a study based report on the RAN evolution path of 2.5G EDGE Networks to HSDPA. HSDPA is a 3.5G wireless cellular system, a cost-efficient upgrade to UMTS systems and promises to deliver performance comparable to today’s wireless LAN services, but with the added benefit of mobility and ubiquitous coverage. It can offer data rates of up to 14.4 Mbps which is far beyond what 2.5G and 3G cellular systems could offer. The project focuses on a two-step upgrade, first from GSM towards the deployment of UMTS/WCDMA and then towards HSDPA. It begins a new era of “Mobile broadband” services and faces competition from “WiMAX” – but with GSM services having an obvious upgrade path to WCDMA, HSDPA seems to be leading the market in several parts of the world. HSDPA is an extremely cost-effective path to higher data rates and provides more efficient use of valuable spectrum. It enables operators to compete effectively in increasingly converged markets and satisfy the need for enhanced QoS in an efficient and cost-effective manner.
2. Introduction
• In the context of mobile and cellular communication systems, RF
Planning is the process of assigning frequencies, transmitter
locations and parameters of a wireless communications system to
provide sufficient coverage and capacity for the services required
(e.g. mobile telephony). The RF plan of a cellular communication
system revolves around two principal objectives; Coverage and
Capacity Coverage relates to the geographical footprint within the
system that has sufficient RF signal strength to provide for a
call/data session. Capacity relates to the capability of the system to
sustain a given number of subscribers. In 3GPP LTE systems, both
capacity and coverage are interrelated. To improve quality some
coverage, capacity has to be sacrificed, while to improve capacity,
coverage will have to be sacrificed. The LTE RF planning process
mainly consists four phases.
3. Phase 1: Initial RF Link Budget
• The first level of the RF planning process is a budgetary level. It uses
the RF link budget along with a statistical propagation model (e.g.
Hata, COST-231 Hata or Erceg-Greenstein) to approximate the
coverage area of the planned sites and to eventually determine
how many sites are required for the particular RF communication
system. The statistical propagation model does not include terrain
effects and has a slope and intercept value for each type of
environment (Rural, Urban, Suburban, etc.). This fairly simplistic
approach allows for a quick analysis of the number of sites that may
be required to cover a certain area. Following is a typical list of
outputs produced at this stage:
o Estimated Number of Sites
4. Phase 2: Detailed RF
Propagation Modeling
• The second level of the RF Planning process relies a more detailed
propagation model. Automatic planning tools are often employed in
this phase to perform detailed predictions. The propagation model
takes into account the characteristics of the selected antenna, the
terrain, and the land use and land clutter surrounding each site.
Since these factors are considered, this propagation model provides
a better estimate of the coverage of the sites than the initial
statistical propagation model. Thus, its use, in conjunction with the
RF link budget, produces a more accurate determination of the
number of sites required. Following is a typical list of outputs
produced at this stage:
5. Phase 2
• Number of Sites and Site Locations (and Height)
• Antenna Directions and Down tilts
• Neighbor Cell Lists for each site
• Mobility (Handover and Cell Reselection) Parameters for each site.
• Frequency Plan
• Detailed Coverage Predictions (e.g. Signal Strength (RSRP), Signal
Quality (RSRQ) Best CINR, Best Server Areas, Uplink and Downlink
Throughput)
• The following figure shows a typical coverage prediction out (All
Sites coverage by Signal Strength).
6. Phase 3: Fine Tuning and
Optimization
• The third phase of the RF planning process incorporates further detail into
the RF plan. This stage includes items such as collecting drive data to be
used to tune or calibrate the propagation prediction model, predicting the
available data throughput at each site, fine tuning of parameter settings
(e.g. antenna orientation, down tilting, frequency plan). This process is
required in the deployment of the system or in determining service
contract based coverage. Following is a typical list of outputs produced at
this stage:
o A final List of Sites and Site Locations (and Height)
o Optimized Antenna Directions and Down tilts
o An optimized Neighbor Cell Lists for each site
o Mobility (Handover and Cell Reselection) Parameters for each site.
o An optimized Frequency Plan
o Detailed Coverage Predictions (e.g. Signal Strength (RSRP), Signal
Quality (RSRQ) Best CINR, Best Server Areas, Uplink and Downlink
Throughput)
7. Phase 4: Continuous Optimization
• The final phase of the RF planning process involves continuous
optimization of the RF plan to accommodate for changes in the
environment or additional service requirements (e.g. additional
coverage or capacity). This phase starts from initial network
deployment and involves collecting measurement data on a regular
basis that could be via drive testing or centralized collection. The
data is then used to plan new sites or to optimize the parameter
settings (e.g. antenna orientation, down tilting, frequency plan) of
existing sites.