This document presents the design and implementation of a low-cost smart weather station using Arduino and ZigBee technology. The weather station system includes an Arduino Uno board connected to sensors to measure temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, dust levels, and rainfall. The sensor data is transmitted using ZigBee modules from the weather station transmitter to the receiver. The receiver stores the real-time sensor readings on an SD card every second. The system provides wireless monitoring of weather conditions without internet connectivity over distances of up to 64 km using the ZigBee network.
Low cost smart weather station using Arduino and ZigBeeTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents low cost-effective weather station with monitoring system by using ZigBee communication technique that serves as a communication channel by using hardware and sensors to transmit and receive data in the weather station system. Using ZigBee over the Bluetooth for the short coverage distance about (1-10 m) and over the (WLAN) (wireless local area network) or Wi-Fi, a WLAN has limitation like delay, lacking BW of the handover of a large amount of data, and some areas have no internet coverage. The system includes implementation and design for the weather station using Arduino Uno board and five sensors gives sixth reading data (rain state, wind level, air pressure, dust density, temperature and humidity). The data can be stored in SD card on receiving (clouding and main processing side) from more than one transmitter node (ZigBee Network). It can be retrieved the data in any time and date. Results showed the system has no delay and the data reputedly changing ever second with the new reading.
Low cost smart weather station using Arduino and ZigBeeTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents low cost-effective weather station with monitoring system by using ZigBee communication technique that serves as a communication channel by using hardware and sensors to transmit and receive data in the weather station system. Using ZigBee over the Bluetooth for the short coverage distance about (1-10 m) and over the (WLAN) (wireless local area network) or Wi-Fi, a WLAN has limitation like delay, lacking BW of the handover of a large amount of data, and some areas have no internet coverage. The system includes implementation and design for the weather station using Arduino Uno board and five sensors gives sixth reading data (rain state, wind level, air pressure, dust density, temperature and humidity). The data can be stored in SD card on receiving (clouding and main processing side) from more than one transmitter node (ZigBee Network). It can be retrieved the data in any time and date. Results showed the system has no delay and the data reputedly changing ever second with the new reading.
The ARM Based Granary Environmental Monitoring and Controlling System using Z...paperpublications3
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A ZigBee Based Wireless Sensor Network for an Agricultural Environmentijsrd.com
This paper reports the design and development of a smart wireless sensor network (WSN) for an agricultural environment. Monitoring agricultural environments for various factors such as light, temperature and humidity along with other factors can be of significance. The sensor data is transmitted to network coordinator which is heart of the wireless personal area network. In the modern scenario wireless networks contains sensors as well as actuators. ZigBee is newly developed technology that works on IEEE standard 802.15.4, which can be used in the wireless sensor network (WSN). The low data rates, low power consumption, low cost are main features of ZigBee. WSN is composed of ZigBee coordinator (network coordinator), ZigBee router and ZigBee end device. The sensor nodes information in the network will be sent to the coordinator, the coordinator collects sensor data, stores the data in memory, process the data, and route the data to appropriate node.
Study and Development of Temperature & Humidity monitoring system through Wir...IJERA Editor
Wireless sensor networks have become an integral part of any developing country as it is being used nowadays as the primary monitoring system in various applications. The wireless sensor networks eliminate the hazards associated with the wiring systems and make data measurement and monitoring process much easier and cost effective. The decentralized architecture of the wireless sensor network and its flexibility of deployment make wireless networks most suitable for various process plants, industries and remote & rural communication. In this work, applications of wireless sensor network is carried out on online measurement and monitoring of reaction chamber, furnace etc, which is to be measured in the industries.
Application of Zigbee in Smart Home with Dynamic Routing AlgorithmNooria Sukmaningtyas
In order to avoid damaging the walls and bore a hole through the walls, also to save the cost of
rewiring, low voltage power line can be used to implement the smart home. However, several difficult
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suppress the noise interference and resist the weaker signal. The smart home system is introduced in the
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group-controller and its terminal nodes or between the main-controller and the group-controllers is realized
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and play is realized for all nodes.
The ARM Based Granary Environmental Monitoring and Controlling System using Z...paperpublications3
Abstract: Grain storage is the important factor for seasonal production. Grain is an important strategic resource of the country. This article designs Granary Environment Monitoring and Controlling system which is having combination of Embedded system and ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network technology. The design of wireless sensor network using ZigBee which is used for multipoint acquisition and transmission of environment parameters using AVR Processor to the Grain storage manager and transmission of control signals through ARM7 which improves the Scalability and flexibility of grain storage management.
A ZigBee Based Wireless Sensor Network for an Agricultural Environmentijsrd.com
This paper reports the design and development of a smart wireless sensor network (WSN) for an agricultural environment. Monitoring agricultural environments for various factors such as light, temperature and humidity along with other factors can be of significance. The sensor data is transmitted to network coordinator which is heart of the wireless personal area network. In the modern scenario wireless networks contains sensors as well as actuators. ZigBee is newly developed technology that works on IEEE standard 802.15.4, which can be used in the wireless sensor network (WSN). The low data rates, low power consumption, low cost are main features of ZigBee. WSN is composed of ZigBee coordinator (network coordinator), ZigBee router and ZigBee end device. The sensor nodes information in the network will be sent to the coordinator, the coordinator collects sensor data, stores the data in memory, process the data, and route the data to appropriate node.
Study and Development of Temperature & Humidity monitoring system through Wir...IJERA Editor
Wireless sensor networks have become an integral part of any developing country as it is being used nowadays as the primary monitoring system in various applications. The wireless sensor networks eliminate the hazards associated with the wiring systems and make data measurement and monitoring process much easier and cost effective. The decentralized architecture of the wireless sensor network and its flexibility of deployment make wireless networks most suitable for various process plants, industries and remote & rural communication. In this work, applications of wireless sensor network is carried out on online measurement and monitoring of reaction chamber, furnace etc, which is to be measured in the industries.
Application of Zigbee in Smart Home with Dynamic Routing AlgorithmNooria Sukmaningtyas
In order to avoid damaging the walls and bore a hole through the walls, also to save the cost of
rewiring, low voltage power line can be used to implement the smart home. However, several difficult
problem must be solved at the same time , the most important are finding a technology method to
suppress the noise interference and resist the weaker signal. The smart home system is introduced in the
paper. During the design of Smart Home System adopting power line signal carrier, a dynamic routine
algorithm based on the idea of Genetic Algorithm is proposed to cope with the time-varying and random
feature of power line channel. Thus the system can find the transmission path in real time and dispatch the
signal carrier to transmit among the nodes. With this algorithm, the communication between a certain
group-controller and its terminal nodes or between the main-controller and the group-controllers is realized
successfully. In the proposed algorithm all nodes but the controller adopt same driver, therefore the plug
and play is realized for all nodes.
Intelligent fire detection and alert system using labVIEWIJECEIAES
Fire detection systems are designed to discover fires and allow the safe evacuation of occupants as well as protecting the safety of emergency response personnel. This paper describes the design and development of a fire detection and alert system. Temperature and flame sensors are used to indicate the occurrence of fire. This work consists of two parts, which are transmitter and receiver, both using ZigBee wireless technology. Arduino Uno is used as the microcontroller at the transmitter part to control the sensor nodes and give alert when over temperature and flame are detected. At the transmitter, the collected data from the sensors are transmitted by an XBee module operated as router node. At the receiver side, an XBee coordinator module which is attached to a computer using USB to serial communication captured the data for further processing. In addition, an interactive and user-friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) is developed. LabVIEW software is used to design the GUI which displays and analyze the possibility of fire happening. The system can display the fire location and provides early warning to allow occupants to escape the building safely.
Development of a Wireless Sensors Network for Greenhouse Monitoring and Controlijeei-iaes
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) could be used to monitor and control many parameters of environment such as temperature, humidity, and radiation leakage. In greenhouse the weather and soil should be independent of the natural agents. To achieve this condition a wireless sensor nodes could be deployed and communicate with a central base station to measure and transmit the sensed required environment factors. In this paper a WSN was implemented by deployed wireless sensor nodes in a greenhouse with temperature, humidity, moisture light, and CO2 sensors. The proposed model was built and tested, and the result shows an excellent improvement in the sensed parameters. To control the environmental factors, the used microcontroller programmed to control the parameters according to preset values, or manually through a user interface panel.
Android Based Switch Controlling Technique for LED BulbsUsing Bluetooth/Wi-Fi...IJRES Journal
This paper presents an efficient approach to switch on/off and control the intensity of an LED bulb from a remote place using Android Applications installed in a Smartphone. As LED household bulbs and lights are energy efficient, drop-in replacements for the incandescent lighting found in homes and offices. These lights produce a warm brightness while providing a significant cost savings over traditional lighting. Bluetooth & Wi-Fi modules are used simultaneously as an interface that make connection between Android Applicationand the LPC2148 controller by which the generated output can be viewed with the help of an LED bulb and control various other devices, based on the availability in particular areas.
A ZIGBEE AND EMBEDDED BASED SECURITY MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEMijistjournal
As technology becomes more advanced and modernized; more features are added to the existing system for the purpose of satisfying the increasing security needs of the people. Deploying wireless technologies for security and control in home offers attractive benefits along with user friendly interface. In this paper we present a smart security system comprises of Zigbee, GSM, Sensors and Smartphone for Security monitoring and control, when the user is at remote premises. Three sensors namely PIR, vibration and door sensor are installed at windows and doors. Whenever there is a security breach the sensors sends the signal to the Pic microcontroller. The Max 232 converter provides serial interface between the microcontroller and the zigbee. The Zigbee end device then transmits the signal to the Zigbee coordinator. The ZC at the control console communicates with MCU using max 232 converters. MCU would in turn access and control the GSM module via AT commands and automatically sends SMS to the owner's mobile phone informing him about the security breach. On receiving the SMS, user can make a video call using Skype account; Smartphone installed at home will feed us with a live video. On viewing the video the user can know whether an intruder has entered or not. Then accordingly faint gas valve and door lock can be controlled by the user. Thus whenever there is an intrusion, our system lets the user to monitor and control his premises from any part of the world.
As technology becomes more advanced and modernized; more features are added to the existing system
for the purpose of satisfying the increasing security needs of the people. Deploying wireless technologies
for security and control in home offers attractive benefits along with user friendly interface. In this paper
we present a smart security system comprises of Zigbee, GSM, Sensors and Smartphone for Security
monitoring and control, when the user is at remote premises. Three sensors namely P
IR, vibration and door sensor are installed at windows and doors. Whenever there is a security breach the
sensors sends the signal to the Pic microcontroller. The Max 232 converter provides serial interface
between the microcontroller and the zigbee. The Zigbee end device then transmits the signal to the Zigbee
coordinator. The ZC at the control console communicates with MCU using max 232 converters. MCU
would in turn access and control the GSM module via AT commands and automatically sends SMS to the
owner's mobile phone informing him about the security breach. On receiving the SMS, user can make a
video call using Skype account; Smartphone installed at home will feed us with a live video. On viewing
the video the user can know whether an intruder has entered or not. Then accordingly faint gas valve and
door lock can be controlled by the user. Thus whenever there is an intrusion, our system lets the user to
monitor and control his premises from any part of the world.
Covid-19 fever symptom detection based on IoT cloud IJECEIAES
This paper presents a new method of detection Covid-19 fever symptoms depending on IoT cloud services to solve the higher time delay of checking the crowded clients that enter public or private agencies which can lead to a dangerous field to spread the disease. An automatically checking process is suggested using a practical experiment is developed using (ESP8266 node MCU, ultrasonic (SR-04), RFID (RC522), human body temperature (MAX30205) sensors, and ThingSpeak platform). Where node MCU is open-source hardware used to transmit the received data (human temperature sensor) from the (MAX30205) to the cloud platform (ThingSpeak) then alert the monitoring manager user when the collected data reached a critical value that specified previously and automatically take action to solve this situation. At the same time, the cloud platform will provide a graphical representation of the received data to display it using different monitoring devices such as (computers, mobiles, and others).
Microcontroller Based Temperature Monitoring and Controlling System using XBe...ijtsrd
Temperature controlling is one of the most important process variables in the process control. In this paper describes the design and implementation of a Wireless Sensor Networks WSN based on XBee technology to monitor the history and current temperature information of remote locations. In this work, the microcontroller is used to compute and compare the value of current temperature and the set point values. LCD is used to display the result data. This result data is also sent to the microcontroller where the operator controls the whole process. Then, the signal passes to the relays to On Off case of the fan for maintaining the correct temperature. Mon Mon Aye | Aye Myat Myat Myo | Zar Chi Soe "Microcontroller Based Temperature Monitoring and Controlling System using XBee Network" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27842.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/27842/microcontroller-based-temperature-monitoring-and-controlling-system-using-xbee-network/mon-mon-aye
Report ON a Remote Security System Using wireless sensor and GSM module Techn...Priyanka Tyagi
Safety is the most important requirement of home for people. With the development of IT technology, network and automatic control technology, a remote home security monitoring and alarming system becomes more and more practicable today. By combining wireless sensor network(WSN) and GSM technology, this paper designs a low-power consumption remote home security monitoring and alarming system that can detect the theft, leaking of raw gas and fire, and send alarm message to the house owner’s mobile phone .Wireless sensor network is composed of a large amount of miniature self-organizing wireless sensor nodes. By combining three kinds of technology such as sensor, micro mechatronics and wireless communication, WSN can detect, collect and deal with the object information in its covering area, and send data to the observer. In a word, WSN technology has the advantages of wide covering area, able to remote monitoring, high monitoring precision, fast network establishment and reasonable cost . GSM network has the advantages of mature technology, wide covering area, long communication distance, and sound communication effect and so on. The remote home security system presented in this paper combines so many advantages of WSN and GSM. Firstly, wherever the users are, once some dangerous instance happens in home, such as gas leaking or thief intruding, this system can send alarm short message to the users through GSM network immediately, informing people the possible dangerous circumstances in home. Secondly, the wireless sensor network established in home has the features of ease establishment, without use of cable, and low-power consumption. Intelligent home, also known as the smart residential home, is moving towards the wireless remote control, multi-media control, and high-speed data transmission. The key technology of intelligent home is compatible to household controllers and it can also meet the transmission requirements through home networking . At present, lots of integrated transport network is based on comprehensive wiring technology , limiting the system to special places, and higher cost. Currently, researches on the wireless intelligent home security surveillance system is becoming a hotspot due to its flexibility and convenience. At present, the application of intelligent home wireless communication technologies mainly include: IrDA infrared technology, Bluetooth and ZigBee technology, and so on . IrDA is a short distance for the half-duplex point-to- point communication. Besides, it’s inconvenient and of high error rate, which make IrDA not applicable to the family network communication. Bluetooth technology is limited by network capacity and it costs much. So Bluetooth technology is not suitable for the home network with a large number of nodes. ZigBee technology has the moderate transmission range and larger network capacity. Here ZigBee technology is developed in the monitoring system
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Low cost smart weather station using arduino and zig bee
1. TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control
Vol. 18, No. 1, February 2020, pp. 282~288
ISSN: 1693-6930, accredited First Grade by Kemenristekdikti, Decree No: 21/E/KPT/2018
DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v18i1.12784 282
Journal homepage: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/TELKOMNIKA
Low cost smart weather station using Arduino and ZigBee
Zaid Khudhur Hussein1
, Hadi Jameel Hadi2
, Mousa Riyadh Abdul-Mutaleb3
, Yaqeen Sabah Mezaal4
1,3,4
Al-Esraa University College, Iraq
2
Al-Mustafa University College, Iraq
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Mar 30, 2019
Revised Dec 17, 2019
Accepted Dec 30, 2019
This paper presents low cost-effective weather station with monitoring
system by using ZigBee communication technique that serves as
a communication channel by using hardware and sensors to transmit and
receive data in the weather station system. Using ZigBee over the Bluetooth
for the short coverage distance about (1-10 m) and over the (WLAN)
(wireless local area network) or Wi-Fi, a WLAN has limitation like delay,
lacking BW of the handover of a large amount of data, and some areas have
no internet coverage. The system includes implementation and design for
the weather station using Arduino Uno board and five sensors gives sixth
reading data (rain state, wind level, air pressure, dust density, temperature
and humidity). The data can be stored in SD card on receiving (clouding and
main processing side) from more than one transmitter node (ZigBee
Network). It can be retrieved the data in any time and date. Results showed
the system has no delay and the data reputedly changing ever second with
the new reading.
Keywords:
Arduino
Clouding
Wireless sensor networks
ZigBee
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Zaid Khudhur Hussein,
Al-Esraa University College,
Baghdad, Iraq.
Email: zaid.khudher@esraa.edu.iq
1. INTRODUCTION
Generally, in the worldwide, the weather is very important for people life in numerous situations of
rainy, hot, dry, dusty, and windy weather state. We must know these states before going to anywhere to take
precautions [1-3]. These precautions can be implemented by modern electronic and monitoring technologies.
Arduino is an open-source board that contains individually a physical programmable circuit boarding
(microcontroller) with a part software, or IDE which works in a PC, and writes with upload PC code in
the board (Arduino board) [4-6].
The ZigBee technique is interoperable amongst constructers with maintenances having main number
of nodes. System delivers contacting between several electronic procedures as a cooperative and graphical
interface to control these devices [7-9]. The model has a parallel processing like joining one or extra
microcontroller (built in projected system) and the interface among microcontrollers is composed to construct
master/slave procedure that employs one main (master) with one or extra (slave) microcontrollers [10].
Related works in this section discussed various approaches by using Arduino and ZigBee
technology Systems with their features. Shih-Pang Tseng et al. [11] presented smart house monitor &
supervisor (SHMS), using ZigBee techniques based on the sensors with actuators that attached via ZigBee
technique system. The design is smart socket that works by remote control by Zigbee. The computer host acts
as an information data with motion sensing and the information is transported to VM on the cloud. Nayan
and Ikhsan [9] designed and enhanced ZigBee technique that functions as a communication channel in
2. TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control
Low cost smart weather station using Arduino and ZigBee (Zaid Khudhur Hussein)
283
the hardware with sensors based on a house automation method in smart houses. LCD has used to give
details about system receiver. ZigBee network has been used for the design and implementation effectively
on prototype to improve the house automation system. Babarao and Ramesh [12] investigated a system
identified as HEMS to decrease the power consumption in home energy. They conducted different home
appliances connected over ZigBee communication to turn on or off the home appliance. Proposed
architecture gives power saving and energy organization, and affords a security to the home by using
different sensors and GSM circuits. Jabbar and Kawitkar [13], has introduced cheap commercial
and powerful house control with monitoring system. Smart home has interfaces and practical descriptions
to confirm interoperability amongst ZigBee systems for different electrical devices, meters and smart
energy enablers. Hadi [14] has presented system design using XBee wireless technique communications,
which is able to send and receive a transmission information among central controller unit and various house
sensor nodes for reading and sending temperature, gas sensing and IR security information. The tested results
are in the wireless usage monitoring and are recognized.
In Iraq, the weather states are always changing. Temperature degree is very hot in summer, and
humidity is very high in south of Iraq as well as rainy weather in north of Iraq. To measure all these states of
data, we need devices to measure the weather states in all areas to know their states and we used the wireless
weather station device without Internet by using ZigBee Network with Arduino microcontroller and
the sensors to measure these weather states. In this paper, the system has implementation and design for
the weather station using Arduino Uno board and five sensors with sixth reading data (rain state, wind level,
air pressure, dust, temperature and humidity). The data is transmitted from the station by using Zigbee
communication technique (ZigBee Network) as the communication channel to the receiver. The weather
station doesn’t need the internet. Therefore, we can use it in any location since weather station is based on
ZigBee communication technology that has high coverage area from 120 m to 64 km.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
The main work in this paper is to propose design and implementation a weather station system.
The work has two parts (hardware and software) implementations, and block diagram for the weather station
is depicted in Figure 1.
Figure1. Block diagram of the station: (a) sender section (TX), and (b) receiver section (RX)
2.1. Hardware implementation
Hardware implementation primarily involves two Arduino Uno parts, temperature and humidity
(DHT11), two ZigBee circuits, wind speed sensor (Type (0-9V) SKU: SEN0170), BMP180 digital
barometric sensor module – model GY-68, rain sensor, dust sensor (GP2Y1010AU0F), SD memory, real
time clock (DS1307) sensor, GLCD and nextion display which are being discussed with their specific
functions.
a. Arduino Uno
Arduino is microcontroller boarding built on ATmega328P. The Arduino has 14 digital input/output
pins (6 pins which uses as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs with 16 MHz quartz crystal, USB connection,
power jack and ICSP header with a reset switch as explained by Figure 2 [15]. Uno boarding has a series for
USB Arduino boards, with reference typical to Arduino boards.
3. ISSN: 1693-6930
TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control, Vol. 18, No. 1, February 2020: 282 - 288
284
b. ZigBee technology
ZigBee technology works on open global standard based on IEEE 802.15.4 MAC/PHY. It defines
network layer over 802.15.4 layers that are supporting advanced mesh routing capabilities [5]. The xBee
signal uses AES encryption method. This method is a symmetric-key secret message that is in cooperation
with the transmitter node and the receiver to employ a solitary key for encrypting and decrypting. Encryption
has procedures of transforming the text words into a layout that is uneasily decipherable which is known
as cipher. The cipher is acquired by performing a sequential arithmetical operation based on iteration
levels [16].
ZigBee networking element circuit with sensors stand for modern categories for wireless, short, low
power network communication techniques with several technological advantages, such as a low complexity,
low power consumption, high cost, high efficiency, high reliability and wide network coverage area [13].
Differences among Bluetooth, WLAN and ZigBee are clarified in Table 1. The XBee module uses medium to
be as interaction with the communication module among microcontrollers and serves like wireless network
for information transfer. There are two kinds of XBee devices used for house automation: XBee S1 and XBee
S2 as depicted in Figure 3 [13]. The characteristics of the XBee S1 and S2 modules are shown in Table 2.
Table 1. Comparison of characteristics of Bluetooth, WLAN and ZigBee [9]
Characteristics Bluetooth WLAN ZigBee
Protocol (IEEE) 802.15.1 802.11 b/g 802.15.4
Range (meters 10 50-100 10-100
Data rate (bit/s) 1 M 11 & 54 M 20, 40 & 250 k
Battery lifetime (days) 7 0.5-5 >100
Operating frequency (Hz) 2.4 G 2.4 G & 5 G 868 M, 902-926 M & 2.4 G
Complexity High High Low
Power consumption (mW) 198 1050 72
Security 64 & 128 kbits IEEE 802.11i (WPA2) 128-bit AES & application layer security
Application Wireless communication Internet, website, & e-mail Control & monitoring
Table 2. The characteristics of Series 1 and Series 2 Xbee modules [13]
Series 1 Series 2
Distance (m) 30 40
Optimal range (m) 100 120
Transmitter/receiver current (mA) 45/50 40/40
Firmware 802.15.4 ZigBee
Digital input 8 11
Analog input 7 4
PWM 2 No
Point-topoint & point-to-point topology Yes Yes
Mesh & tree topologies No Yes
c. Wind speed sensor
The three-type wind speed sensor is a device that determine wind speed by using 9 V DC voltage.
Its features are high hardness, corrosion protection, waterproofness and high precision [17].
d. Barometric pressure sensor
The sensor is highly low-cost circuit to measure barometric pressure, temperature, and altitude.
The sensor is welded on PCB of a 3.3V regulator, with pull up resistors of I2 pins [18].
e. Rain sensor
The rain sensor are tools to detect rain that can be worked like switch when rain drop falls over
rainy board with the ability to measure the rain fall intensity [19].
f. Dust sensor
An infrared emitting diode with light depending resistor (LDR) phototransistor was organized on
the hardware. It can be used to find out the reflected light from dust in air [20].
g. Temperature and humidity sensor (DHT11)
The board is sensor with the ability for measuring temperature with humidity. It has high reliability,
excellent long-term stability with very fast response time [21].
h. Real time clock (DS1307)
Real time clock (RTC) is similar to the clock, works on the battery with retain time even if
the power is off [22].
i. SD memory
The SD Memory is used to store the data from sensors immediately. This data can be displayed on
nixtion touchscreen and old data can be searched at any date and time.
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Figure 2. Microcontroller board (Arduino Uno) Figure 3. XBee S1 and S2
2.2. Software implementation
The software program for the station is based on Arduino C program language. At what time
the program has completed, the system then uploads Arduino program to the microcontroller, and the device
will transmit information serially to its TX through ZigBee. In this paper, the system is based on the ZigBee
technology to receive and transmit the information. ZigBee wireless link is configured and could accept
information for other ZigBee units connected to hardware. A flowchart for weather station is depicted
in Figure 4.
(a) (b)
Figure 4. Flowchart of weather station ZigBee system: (a) Tx, (b) Rx
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2.3. Experimental evolution
The weather station system has been designed by using Arduino Uno and ZigBee technology with
the sensors. The weather station has two parts; the transmitter node weather station has an Arduino Uno and
ZigBee with five sensors (wind speed sensor, pressure sensor, rain sensor, dust sensor, temperature and
humidity sensor) as well as GLCD to show the data considered for transmitter node. The receiver part
consists of an Arduino Uno and ZigBee with nextion to monitor the receiving data based on the proposed
prototype as shown in Figures 5 (a) and 5 (b). The range distance from Arduino based system station
(transmitter node) ZigBee is 1 mile, and the maximum range of ZigBee node (receiver sides or transmitter
sides) is 40 miles.
(a) (b)
Figure 5. (a) Weather station transmitter node, (b) Receiver node
3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
Practical improved results from data values are determined in proposed weather system.
The obtained results when station worked along one week in Baghdad Iraq from 8-12-2018 to 14 12-2018 for
six reading (temp, hum, rain, wind, pressure and dust) twice per day (7:00 AM to 4:00 PM) from
the transmitter node are shown in Tables 3 and 4. As it is shown in the tables, the difference between reading
from Table 3 (www.weather.com) and the reading from Table 4 (proposed weather station) is minimum.
The difference in temperature is about 2o
C, the difference in humidity is about 3%, no difference in rain
status, the difference in wind speed is about 1 KMH, and the difference in pressure is about 1 MB.
Table 3. Weather data from www.Weather.com
Time Sat Sun Mon Tus Wed Thu Fri
Temp
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
12oc
17oc
15oc
13oc
14oc
12oc
20oc
18oc
15oc
18oc
12oc
14oc
8oc
17oc
Hum
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
91%
74%
82%
87%
82%
97%
96%
63%
91%
70%
94%
68%
91%
58%
Rain
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
LIGHT RAIN
NO RAIN
Sunny
Sunny
RAIN
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Wind
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
18 KMH
10 KMH
10 KMH
10 KMH
18 KMH
11 KMH
5 KMH
3 KMH
8 KMH
11 KMH
11 KMH
5 KMH
8 KMH
3 KMH
Pre
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
1019 MB
1020 MB
1021 MB
1021 MB
1021 MB
1021 MB
1021 MB
1021 MB
1020 MB
1020 MB
1021 MB
1021 MB
1019 MB
1019 MB
For the first day (8 December 2018) from the week the reading for both in www.weather .com and
the proposed weather station were calculated. The Temperature reading was (11oC) determined by prototype
weather station and the reading from www.weather.com was (12oC) and the difference is (1% oC) between
them. For the Humidity reading, it was (90%) determined by prototype weather station and the reading from
www.weather.com was (91%) and the difference is about (1% oC) between them. For the Pressure reading,
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287
it was (1018 MB) was determined by prototype weather station and the reading from www.weather.com was
(1019 MB) and the difference was about (1 MB) between them. For the Rain status reading, it was (rain)
determined by prototype weather station, and the reading from www.weather.com was (light rain). For
the wind speed reading, it was (17 KMH) determined by prototype weather station and the reading from
www.weather.com was (18 KMH) and the difference is about (1) between them. The performance and data
storages can be enhanced by cloud and internet of thing (IoT) technologies [23, 24]. In addition,
the proposed weather station monitoring results can be adjusted by genetic algorithm (GA) as an optimization
tool to enhance any wanted reading [25].
Table 4. Weather data from proposed weather station
Time Sat Sun Mon Tus Wed Thu Fri
Temp
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
11oc
16oc
16oc
12.5oc
13oc
11oc
21oc
18oc
13.5oc
17oc
12oc
13oc
8oc
16oc
Hum
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
90%
73%
84%
88%
84%
94%
92%
60%
91%
73%
92%
70%
88%
58%
Rain
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
RAIN
NO RAIN
Sunny
Sunny
RAIN
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Wind
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
17 KMH
11 KMH
10 KMH
11 KMH
17 KMH
10 KMH
6 KMH
3 KMH
7 KMH
10 KMH
10 KMH
6 KMH
8 KMH
3 KMH
Pre
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
1018 MB
1019 MB
1022 MB
1021 MB
1021 MB
1021 MB
1021 MB
1020 MB
1020 MB
1021 MB
1022 MB
1020 MB
1020 MB
1019 MB
Dust
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
0.07
0.09
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.1
0.08
0.09
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.08
0.07
0.06
4. CONCLUSION
In this paper, prototype system for low cost-effective weather station with monitoring system by
using Arduino Uno and ZigBee communication technique, to transmit and receive the weather data has
presented. It has feasibilities for six reading data (rain state, wind level, air pressure, dust density, and
temperature and humidity). The data can be saved in SD card on receiving (clouding and main processing
sides) from more than one transmitter node (ZigBee Network). It can be retrieved the data in any time and
date. The difference in results from proposed weather system compared with (www.weather.com) is very
good in all readings that calculated form the proposed weather station that gives an evidence that proposed
model has tolerable performance to be applied reliably without internet connection in any area of Iraq.
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