World Class en el mundo industrial es sinónimo de excelencia; el concepto World Class Manufacturing (literalmente «Fabricación industrial de nivel mundialmente reconocido») significa de primera división, es la manera de fabricar algo que los demás fabricantes quieren imitar. Recoge estrategias como el Control Total de la Calidad (TQC), el Método justo a tiempo (JIT), el Mantenimiento Productivo Total (TPM) y otras estrategias de gestión, tecnología y servicios.
World Class Manufacturing significa ser competitivo en la fabricación industrial a nivel de los mejores en todo el mundo; no es solamente una extensión de TPM. Al contrario: es una herramienta para conseguir estar entre los mejores a nivel mundial (World Class Manufacturing).
WCM puede considerarse una ampliación del TPM (Total Productive Maintenance or Management). A los 4 pilares básicos de TPM que son, a saber: mejora focalizada, mantenimiento autónomo, mantenimiento profesional y mantenimiento en la concepción, se han unido otros pilares, que son: seguridad, higiene y ambiente en el trabajo, medio ambiente, servicio al cliente, control total de la calidad del producto, desarrollo del personal y reducción de costes. Esto da una idea del nuevo modelo industrial, que se enfoca directamente al cliente. Las factorías, desde lo más básico hasta lo más avanzado en sus procesos, procuran alcanzar la total satisfacción del cliente.
Creping
The crepe blade is the point at which the final sheet appearance is created. The geometry of the blade and its application are critical in establishing the best possible end product. Specifically designed for tissue applications, the crepe blade, along with the Yankee against which it operates, is the heart of the process.
The doctor holder uses a special pneumatic loading arrangement to load the blade against the Yankee cylinder and has a “flexible finger” type backing. The mechanical lock prevents collision of the holder with the cylinder when there is no blade in place. For certain applications and upon request, a stiff holder can be substituted.
Angle adjustment
The doctor assembly is adjustable for different applications and end product properties. The entire assembly can be rotated on the assembly journal by means of a jacking bolt that changes the position of the assembly relative to the loading cylinder stroke.
At a glance
Flexible holder ensures even application of the creping load.
Adjustable angular position allows flexibility for different products and properties.
Para tener una idea clara se podría hablar de cierta similitud a la cocina, sobretodo en la primera parte del proceso. Por esta razón los italianos lo saben trabajar tan bien, la producción de una hoja de papel es muy parecida al proceso de creación de la pasta. ¡Oído cocina!
El pulper es un recipiente con una hélice en su parte inferior en el que se mezclan todos los ingredientes básicos para la creación de la pasta de papel. Por lo tanto se añade la pasta que se presenta en hojas gruesas y se debe deshacer y mezclar con el agua adecuadamente para conseguir una mezcla estable. Aunque no lo parezca este primer proceso de producción debe realizarse de manera precisa y controlar por lo tanto la velocidad del rotor, el caudal de salida y el nivel de agua para que el resultado final sea una pasta homogénea y perfecta evitando problemas posteriormente.
Creping
The crepe blade is the point at which the final sheet appearance is created. The geometry of the blade and its application are critical in establishing the best possible end product. Specifically designed for tissue applications, the crepe blade, along with the Yankee against which it operates, is the heart of the process.
The doctor holder uses a special pneumatic loading arrangement to load the blade against the Yankee cylinder and has a “flexible finger” type backing. The mechanical lock prevents collision of the holder with the cylinder when there is no blade in place. For certain applications and upon request, a stiff holder can be substituted.
Angle adjustment
The doctor assembly is adjustable for different applications and end product properties. The entire assembly can be rotated on the assembly journal by means of a jacking bolt that changes the position of the assembly relative to the loading cylinder stroke.
At a glance
Flexible holder ensures even application of the creping load.
Adjustable angular position allows flexibility for different products and properties.
Para tener una idea clara se podría hablar de cierta similitud a la cocina, sobretodo en la primera parte del proceso. Por esta razón los italianos lo saben trabajar tan bien, la producción de una hoja de papel es muy parecida al proceso de creación de la pasta. ¡Oído cocina!
El pulper es un recipiente con una hélice en su parte inferior en el que se mezclan todos los ingredientes básicos para la creación de la pasta de papel. Por lo tanto se añade la pasta que se presenta en hojas gruesas y se debe deshacer y mezclar con el agua adecuadamente para conseguir una mezcla estable. Aunque no lo parezca este primer proceso de producción debe realizarse de manera precisa y controlar por lo tanto la velocidad del rotor, el caudal de salida y el nivel de agua para que el resultado final sea una pasta homogénea y perfecta evitando problemas posteriormente.
Various Rural Technologies developed by S.Khuntia, Scientist of CSIR. Most of all are being extensively disseminated in India through many national programme of Goverment of India for prosperity of common people
Molded Fiber Products Making Machine - Tableware ProductsParason Machinery
Parason is specialized in offering complete end-to-end project engineering & solutions to produce sustainable, biodegradable Molded Fiber Tableware Products that can be used in hospitals, corporate cafeterias, universities, restaurants, schools, temples, etc.
Raw material: Bagasse, agricultural waste, sugarcane leftover, wheat straw, bamboo fiber, etc.
Recycan® - Nothing is lost, everything is processedEurovia_Group
Urban development involves substantial work on underground utility networks such as drinking
water, wastewater, rainwater, gas, electricity, telephone and cable systems. Such work is carried out
in complex environments and causes considerable disruption for the surrounding community.
Any technical solution capable of reducing the duration and level of inconvenience caused by such
works is therefore welcome. With Recycan®, Eurovia adds a further product to its range of trench
backfill materials initiated by the highly innovative Autocan® and Scorcan® products.
Parason newly developed Offset Pulper is designed with a combination of double coned bottom and baffle where the baffle guides the pulp towards the rotor for achieving efficient and extensive slushing.
Intensive turbulence is generated on the part of the rotor, whereas low level turbulence is generated at the baffle which causes the stock to rotate repeatedly thus obtaining excellent quality pulp The troublefree ragger operation provides reliable operating conditions across large throughput.
The combination of double cone bottom & baffle pushes the
core contaminants towards reject discharge.
Know more: https://parason.com/products/pulping/offset-pulper/
The main function of the Trommel Screen is to lessen the contaminant load on Fiber Saver (PFS). The light rejects normally directed to Trommel Screen. It is built with special heavy duty perforated drum with hole size ascending order and aided by the suitable shower inside & outside allowing the recovery of fibers. The coarse contaminants are getting rejected and accepted material is returned to the Pulper.
Advantages
Easy Installation
Perforated drum of SS-304, drive arrangement, inside helical screw, outlet chute of SS-304 and supporting structure of M.S.
Drum is driven through Geared Motor, Pulleys and Belts
C-I drive and driven pulleys properly machined
Shower pipe with nozzles of SS-304
Want to buy the trommel screen for pulp and paper machine? Call now
+91 (0) 240-2339234/35/36/37 or
Write us at info@parason.com | www.parason.com
Parason High Consistency Disc Filter (HCDF) is developed for effecive pulp thickening in wide range of flow
applications. The HCDF is adaptable to higher feed consistencies and supports operations of variable grades of
pulp and recycled paper.
The pulp is fed into the vat through the inlet located on the side of the filter. The mat formation starts under
gravity ensuring optimal dewatering. As the rotor rotates, the filtrate is drained through the channels into the outer
rotor pipe under a vacuum.
The fiber mat is knocked off at the top which causes the pulp to fall into the pulp discharge screw that is located at the center. The rotor channels have a connected valve for separating the cloudy and clear filtrate.
The filtrate can be further separated into the clear and super clear filtrate.
Various Rural Technologies developed by S.Khuntia, Scientist of CSIR. Most of all are being extensively disseminated in India through many national programme of Goverment of India for prosperity of common people
Molded Fiber Products Making Machine - Tableware ProductsParason Machinery
Parason is specialized in offering complete end-to-end project engineering & solutions to produce sustainable, biodegradable Molded Fiber Tableware Products that can be used in hospitals, corporate cafeterias, universities, restaurants, schools, temples, etc.
Raw material: Bagasse, agricultural waste, sugarcane leftover, wheat straw, bamboo fiber, etc.
Recycan® - Nothing is lost, everything is processedEurovia_Group
Urban development involves substantial work on underground utility networks such as drinking
water, wastewater, rainwater, gas, electricity, telephone and cable systems. Such work is carried out
in complex environments and causes considerable disruption for the surrounding community.
Any technical solution capable of reducing the duration and level of inconvenience caused by such
works is therefore welcome. With Recycan®, Eurovia adds a further product to its range of trench
backfill materials initiated by the highly innovative Autocan® and Scorcan® products.
Parason newly developed Offset Pulper is designed with a combination of double coned bottom and baffle where the baffle guides the pulp towards the rotor for achieving efficient and extensive slushing.
Intensive turbulence is generated on the part of the rotor, whereas low level turbulence is generated at the baffle which causes the stock to rotate repeatedly thus obtaining excellent quality pulp The troublefree ragger operation provides reliable operating conditions across large throughput.
The combination of double cone bottom & baffle pushes the
core contaminants towards reject discharge.
Know more: https://parason.com/products/pulping/offset-pulper/
The main function of the Trommel Screen is to lessen the contaminant load on Fiber Saver (PFS). The light rejects normally directed to Trommel Screen. It is built with special heavy duty perforated drum with hole size ascending order and aided by the suitable shower inside & outside allowing the recovery of fibers. The coarse contaminants are getting rejected and accepted material is returned to the Pulper.
Advantages
Easy Installation
Perforated drum of SS-304, drive arrangement, inside helical screw, outlet chute of SS-304 and supporting structure of M.S.
Drum is driven through Geared Motor, Pulleys and Belts
C-I drive and driven pulleys properly machined
Shower pipe with nozzles of SS-304
Want to buy the trommel screen for pulp and paper machine? Call now
+91 (0) 240-2339234/35/36/37 or
Write us at info@parason.com | www.parason.com
Parason High Consistency Disc Filter (HCDF) is developed for effecive pulp thickening in wide range of flow
applications. The HCDF is adaptable to higher feed consistencies and supports operations of variable grades of
pulp and recycled paper.
The pulp is fed into the vat through the inlet located on the side of the filter. The mat formation starts under
gravity ensuring optimal dewatering. As the rotor rotates, the filtrate is drained through the channels into the outer
rotor pipe under a vacuum.
The fiber mat is knocked off at the top which causes the pulp to fall into the pulp discharge screw that is located at the center. The rotor channels have a connected valve for separating the cloudy and clear filtrate.
The filtrate can be further separated into the clear and super clear filtrate.
Process Development for Continuous Flow-Through Polishing Purification for mA...Merck Life Sciences
View the interactive recording here: https://bit.ly/2JYehee
Abstract:
Over the last several years, the biopharmaceutical industry has had a significant focus on connected and continuous processing to improve both process economics and plant utilization. As opposed to the traditional polishing trains comprised of bind-elute chromatography operations, an all flow-through polishing train easily enables connected and continuous processing while simultaneously improving process economics, flexibility, and productivity. Leveraging commercially available and novel prototype chemistries and devices, we investigated how a properly designed flow-through polishing train can be used to meet the stringent demands expected for mAb polishing purification. A streamlined methodology will be described to investigate the performance of individual units as well as synergies between technologies. For both individual technologies and connected processes, results will be discussed on their ability to meet purity and yield targets robustly. Finally, we will show how leveraging the integrated combination of unit operations can result in improved performance over the standard batch, segregated processing paradigm.
In this webinar, you will learn:
• New process design for continuous flow-through polishing and its operational robustness
• Economic benefits (43% savings in COGs) of implementing a robust flow-through polishing toolbox
Process Development for Continuous Flow-Through Polishing Purification for mA...MilliporeSigma
View the interactive recording : https://bit.ly/2JYehee
Abstract:
Over the last several years, the biopharmaceutical industry has had a significant focus on connected and continuous processing to improve both process economics and plant utilization. As opposed to the traditional polishing trains comprised of bind-elute chromatography operations, an all flow-through polishing train easily enables connected and continuous processing while simultaneously improving process economics, flexibility, and productivity. Leveraging commercially available and novel prototype chemistries and devices, we investigated how a properly designed flow-through polishing train can be used to meet the stringent demands expected for mAb polishing purification. A streamlined methodology will be described to investigate the performance of individual units as well as synergies between technologies. For both individual technologies and connected processes, results will be discussed on their ability to meet purity and yield targets robustly. Finally, we will show how leveraging the integrated combination of unit operations can result in improved performance over the standard batch, segregated processing paradigm.
In this webinar, you will learn:
• New process design for continuous flow-through polishing and its operational robustness
• Economic benefits (43% savings in COGs) of implementing a robust flow-through polishing toolbox
A.T.E. HUBER Envirotech brings comprehensive solutions for wastewater treatment, recycling and sludge management for industrial and municipal sectors.
The septic sludge treatment covered in this presentation is a modular system applicable to municipalities, mega-cities, industrial undertakings, business establishments, and housing estates.
To know more log on to www.atehuber.com.
Anaerobic treatment of Pulp and Paper mill Bleaching Effluent Amit Christian
Anaerobic treatment of Pulp and Paper Mill Bleaching effluent using fluidized bed reactor using LEVAPOR carriers . It offered huge space and energy savings for the treatment of toxic effluent
A Turbocharger for Digestion: Thermal Hydrolysis at Davyhulme, UKBlack & Veatch
Thermal Hydrolysis Process, or THP, offers an efficiency-boosting, sustainability-enhancing solution to utilities’ biosolids challenges. With THP of increasing interest to utilities across the U.S., this Black & Veatch presentation introduces THP and discusses its drivers, design considerations and integration challenges. Presented by Greg Knight, Black & Veatch’s U.S. THP Practice Leader, and Rick Lancaster, Regional Services Manager for United Utilities in the UK, the presentation uses the award-winning Davyhulme project as a case study. The material shows how THP can:
• Generate savings by improving biosolids quality while reducing its quantity
• Get more throughput to maximize use of existing assets
• Reduce carbon footprint while increasing renewable power generation
Ingeniería de vació. Bombas de vacío. Características. Nelson Izaguirre
La ingeniería del vacío se ocupa de los procesos tecnológicos, técnicas y equipamiento que utilizan el vacío o las presiones ultrabajas para lograr mejores resultados que los que se obtendrían bajo la presión atmosférica normal. Las aplicaciones más difundidas de la tecnología de vacío son:
Recubrimiento con carburo de cromo pirolítico (PCC Coating)
Manipulación de objetos mediante garras de vacío
Vidrio antirreflectante
Coloreado del vidrio
Impregnación al vacío
Recubrimiento al vacío
Secado al vacío
Las máquinas de pintar al vacío (metalizadores, vacuum coater) son capaces de aplicar distintos tipos de recubrimientos de metal, vidrio, plástico o superficies de cerámica, proporcionando mejor calidad, espesor y uniformidad de color que otros métodos. Las secadoras al vacío se pueden utilizar con materiales delicados y ahorra cantidades significativas de energía debido a las bajas temperaturas de secado.
ommon motion systems use three types of control methods. They are position control, velocity control and torque control.
The majority of Newport’s motion systems use position control. This type of control moves the load from one known fixed position to another known fixed position. Feedback, or closed-loop positioning, is important for precise positioning.
Velocity control moves the load continuously for a certain time interval or moves the load from one place to another at a prescribed velocity. Newport’s systems use both encoder and tachometer feedback to regulate velocity.
Torque control measures the current applied to a motor with a known torque coefficient in order to develop a known constant torque. Newport’s motion systems do not employ this method of control.
Crescentformer general process. tissue machine VoithNelson Izaguirre
CRESCENT FORMER
The Crescent Former is the culmination of technological improvements derived from our experience in the manufacturing of four machines since the 1960s (Plain Wire; Sloped Wire; Twin Wire C-Former; and Twin Wire S-Former). The first Crescent Former was invented in the 1970s by the multinational Kimberly Clark which held the patent until the Nineties.
Our technological innovations and more than 50 years of experience in the field of tissue ensure the highest levels of performance from the Recard Crescent Former.
Each Recard Crescent Former is designed to optimize the real operating speed of your production line. We have achieved performance of over 2000 meters per minute.
The new CCTV Camera Pros dual codec JPEG DVR comes with a new DVR viewer software application. This software is called the integrated remote station (IRS) was included on a CD that comes with these surveillance DVR when they were being sold. One of the applications in the IRS is a transmitter that allows you to watch your security cameras over the Internet or Intranet (internal network / LAN). The transmitter is meant to replace the DVR viewer that was used in the last version of the JPEG DVR. Starting in 2014, CCTV Camera Pros recommends the iDVR-PRO as a replacement for JPEG2000 and JPEG dual codec DVRs.
The integrated remote station also lets you review previously recorded surveillance video footage. The last version of the DVR viewer integrated remote station that was released can be downloaded here: Integrated Remote Station. The integrated remote station, also referred to as the DVR viewer software, runs on a Microsoft Windows based computer. The setup instructions for this software starts here.
Control de acceso. tecnología de identificación mediante proximidad. Nelson Izaguirre
Access control should refuse access to unautherised people and freedom of movement for autherised people should be affected at the least. This is how we understand access control. Therefore a thourough planning and installation of your access control system is mandatory. Every company should ask itself the “3-W-Questions”: who is when and where access autherised.
Tratamiento y circuito de agua. Clarificador industrial.Nelson Izaguirre
Los clarificadores DAF (Por sus siglas en inglés: Dissolved Air Flotation, es decir, Flotación por Aire Disuelto) de ACS Medio Ambiente®, separan eficientemente los sólidos suspendidos totales y grasas, aceites y partículas flotantes de los efluentes industriales. El sistema genera burbujas de aire con un rango de burbujas moleculares a microburbujas. El aire es disuelto en el agua tratada por la adición de aire comprimido a una corriente presurizada de efluente reciclado.
El agua presurizada pasa entonces a través de una válvula de descarga reduciendo la presión a la presión atmosférica. Esta agua despresurizada se mezcla entonces con el afluente acondicionado. Cuando la presión es reducida, el aire supersaturado se empieza a precipitar de la solución. Las moléculas de aire se fijan así mismas o a los sólidos floculados. Las moléculas precipitadas se unen en una microburbuja. La burbuja con los sólidos suspendidos y/o las gotas diminutas de aceite son boyantes y flotan a la superficie. Este proceso simple combinado con acondicionamiento químico óptimo y equipo diseñado apropiadamente brinda un sistema sofisticado de separación de sólidos, grasas, aceites y partículas flotantes.
ACS Medio Ambiente® ha desempeñado evaluaciones extensivas en el laboratorio acerca del tamaño de la burbuja de aire y la separación efectiva sólida-líquida. Los datos demuestran abrumadoramente que mientras menor sea el tamaño de la burbuja de aire, será más eficiente la separación. En comparación, el efluente de un Sistema de Flotación por Aire Inducida (IAF por sus siglas en inglés) típicamente contiene el doble de sólidos suspendidos totales y grasas, aceites y partículas flotantes, que el efluente de un Clarificador DAF. En las pocas aplicaciones donde la separación reducida del IAF es satisfactoria, ACS Medio Ambiente® puede proveer de Flotación por Aire Inducida como una alternativa.
Además de disolver aire en el agua reciclada, el tanque de disolución de aire de ACS Medio Ambiente® también separa y ventila macro burbujas excesivas del sistema por lo que previene la perturbación de la superficie en el tanque DAF. Sólo el agua presurizada saturada con el aire disuelto, no burbujas, es la que se permite que se mezcle con el agua residual tratada. Muestras del tanque de disolución de aire tienen una apariencia lechosa debido a la burbuja microscópica. El sistema de ACS Medio Ambiente® de Aire Disuelto es mucho más efectivo que un sistema de aire inducido.
Se entiende por microestructura de la madera la que se puede ver con el microscopio óptico, es
decir que son las estructuras intermedias entre lo visible a simple vista, y las de nivel cuasi molecular,
solo distinguibles con el microscopio electrónico, que se denominan ultraestructuras. La microestructura
es la más importante para comprender la morfología de las materias primas fibrosas, como así
también para el análisis de lo que sucede durante los procesos de fabricación de la pulpa y el papel.
Con el microscopio óptico se ven perfectamente los elementos celulares de los tejidos vegetales, y
ello es lo que vamos a estudiar a partir de ahora.
Se debe aclarar primeramente que si bien botánica mente
los elementos de gran longitud de las coníferas se denominan
traqueidas, para los papeleros se engloban junto con las
de las latifoliadas con la denominación general de ‘fibras’.
Se definen cuatro parámetros morfológicos que poseen
mayor o menor influencia en las propiedades de la hoja
Drying training Equipment Operation and control Nelson Izaguirre
No manufactured product plays a more significant role in every area of human activity than
paper and paper products. Its importance in everyday life is obvious from its use in
recording, storage and dissemination of information. Virtually all writing and printing is
done on paper. It is the most widely used wrapping and packaging material, and is
important for structural applications. The uses and applications for pulp and paper
products are virtually limitless. Apart from the products and services that it provides, the
paper and pulp industry is one of the major manufacturing industries in the world
providing employment for vast number of people and contribute to national economy.
The paper making process is essentially a very large dewatering operation where a diluted
solution of pulp suspension with less than 0.5% fibre solid is used. The major sections of a
paper machine consist of: forming section, press section and dryer section. In the forming
section, the fibres present in the diluted pulp and water slurry form paper web through
drainage by gravity and applied suction below the forming fabric. In the press section
additional water in removed by mechanical pressure applied through the nips of a series of
presses or rotating rolls and the wet web is consolidated in this section. Most of the
remaining water is evaporated and inter-fibre binding developed as the paper contacts a
series of steam heated cylinder in the dryer section. Water removal from the wet web to the
final moisture level between 6% and 7% is a critical step of papermaking. Majority of the
functional properties of paper are developed in this section.
In spite of its key role in papermaking, large equipment size, and large capital and operating
costs, drying is arguably the least understood papermaking operation. Books on
papermaking technology generally devote fewer pages to drying than other papermaking
operations such as forming, pressing or calendaring. A similar situation is found in
papermaking courses, in which drying occupies a shorter time than the proportion of space
it takes in a paper machine. Furthermore, a large portion of that time is devoted to the
description of the equipment by its suppliers rather than to its operation by the
papermakers.
Reverse Osmosis module design and engineering emerged with membrane technology
evolution. In order to understand module design, first membrane configuration needs to be
explored, since the module design is always tailored according to the membrane
characteristics. There is a significant difference between membrane chemistries (most
important ones being cellulose acetate and thin film composite with polyamide barrier
layer), and more importantly, between the different membrane configurations (hollow fine
fiber and flat sheet). Therefore, before looking into detail on the module configuration, the
membrane development needs to be considered.
CALDERA: recipiente metálico en el que se genera vapor a presión mediante la acción de calor.
GENERADOR DE VAPOR: es el conjunto o sistema formado por una caldera y sus accesorios, destinados a transformar un líquido en vapor, a temperatura y presión diferenta al de la atmósfera.
MANOMETRO: el instrumento destinado a medir la presión efectiva producida por el vapor en el interior de la caldera.
OBJETIVOS
Las calderas o generadores a vapor son equipos cuyo objetivo es:
*Generar agua caliente para calefacción y uso general, o
*Generar vapor para planta de fuerza, procesos industriales o calefacción.
FUNCIONAMIENTO
Funcionan mediante la transferencia de calor, producida generalmente al quemarse un combustible, al agua contenida o circulando dentro de un recipiente metálico. En toda caldera se distinguen dos zonas importantes:
*Zona de liberación de calor o cámara de combustión: es el lugar donde se quema el combustible. Puede ser interior o exterior con respecto al recipiente metálico.
-Interior: la cámara de combustión se encuentra dentro del recipiente metálico o rodeado de paredes refrigeradas por agua.
-Exterior: cámara de combustión constituida fuera del recipiente metálico. Está parcialmente rodeado o sin paredes refrigeradas por agua.
La transferencia de calor en esta zona se realiza principalmente por radiación (llama-agua).
*Zona de tubos: es la zona donde los productos de la combustión (gases o humos) transfieren calor al agua principalmente por (gases-aguas). Esta constitutiva por tubos, dentro de los cuales pueden circular los humos o el agua.
Accesorios para el funcionamiento seguro
Las calderas deben poseer una serie de accesorios que permitan su utilización en forma segura, los que son:
Accesorios de observación: dos indicadores de nivel de agua y uno o más manómetros. En el caso de los manómetros estos deberán indicar con una línea roja indeleble la presión máxima de la caldera.
Accesorios de seguridad: válvula de seguridad, sistema de alarma, sellos o puertas de alivio de sobre presión en el hogar y tapón fusible (en algunos casos). El sistema de alarma, acústica o visual, se debe activar cuando el nivel de agua llegue al mínimo, y además deberá detener el sistema de combustión.
El mundo es de colores, donde hay luz, hay color. La percepción de la forma, profundidad o claroscuro está estrechamente ligada a la percepción de los colores.
El color es un atributo que percibimos de los objetos cuando hay luz. La luz es constituida por ondas electromagnéticas que se propagan a unos 300.000 kilómetros por segundo. Esto significa que nuestros ojos reaccionan a la incidencia de la energía y no a la materia en sí.
Las ondas forman, según su longitud de onda, distintos tipos de luz, como infrarroja, visible, ultravioleta o blanca. Las ondas visibles son aquellas cuya longitud de onda está comprendida entre los 380 y 770 nanómetros.
Los objetos devuelven la luz que no absorben hacia su entorno. Nuestro campo visual interpreta estas radiaciones electromagnéticas que el entorno emite o refleja, como la palabra "COLOR".
La fabricación de pasta, papel y derivados del papel alcanza cifras que sitúan esta industria entre las mas grandes del mundo.
La principal fuente de fibra para la producción de pasta en este siglo a sido la madera procedente de los bosques de confieras, aunque mas recientemente ha aumentado la utilización de bosque tropicales y boreales
La composición química de la madera es muy variable. Se compone principalmente de celulosa, lignina, hemicelulosa, y de un 5% a un 10% de otros materiales .
La lignina representa entre un 16 % hasta un 33% del peso según el tipo de madera.
La lignina es un complejo polímero aromático asociado a los polisacáridos de la pared celular vegetal, su estructura estereo-irregular y amorfa hacen de ella una molécula muy particular y difícil de degradar
Industrialmente es necesario quitar la lignina de la madera para hacer el papel u otros productos derivados.
En la práctica comercial un porcentaje grande de la lignina quitada de la madera durante operaciones para reducir la pulpa es un subproducto molesto.
En la naturaleza existen diferentes microorganismos asociados a la descomposición de la madera, pero hasta ahora los únicos que son capaces de degradar la lignina en forma eficiente son los hongos basidiomycetes llamados de pudrición blanca.
Parte del proceso básico para hacer celulosa y papel consiste en la eliminación de la lignina. Este compuesto, constituyente de la madera y que actúa como cemento en su estructura, es el principal obstáculo para poder obtener celulosa y papel de buena calidad.
Industrialmente la pulpa de celulosa blanqueada se obtiene a través de un proceso de dos etapas: el pulpaje y el blanqueo.
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.
While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage,[1] blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.
A commonly applied definition of tissue engineering, as stated by Langer[2] and Vacanti,[3] is "an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve [Biological tissue] function or a whole organ".[4] Tissue engineering has also been defined as "understanding the principles of tissue growth, and applying this to produce functional replacement tissue for clinical use."[5] A further description goes on to say that an "underlying supposition of tissue engineering is that the employment of natural biology of the system will allow for greater success in developing therapeutic strategies aimed at the replacement, repair, maintenance, and/or enhancement of tissue function."[5]
Powerful developments in the multidisciplinary field of tissue engineering have yielded a novel set of tissue replacement parts and implementation strategies. Scientific advances in biomaterials, stem cells, growth and differentiation factors, and biomimetic environments have created unique opportunities to fabricate tissues in the laboratory from combinations of engineered extracellular matrices ("scaffolds"), cells, and biologically active molecules. Among the major challenges now facing tissue engineering is the need for more complex functionality, as well as both functional and biomechanical stability in laboratory-grown tissues destined for transplantation. The continued success of tissue engineering, and the eventual development of true human replacement parts, will grow from the convergence of engineering and basic research advances in tissue, matrix, growth factor, stem cell, and developmental biology, as well as materials science and bio informatics.
El entorno empresarial debe entenderse como el conjunto de factores externos a la empresa pero, al mismo tiempo, directamente relacionados con ella y muy cercanos al desarrollo de su actividad económica, en un contexto territorial determinado.
Un entorno apropiado para la competitividad se caracteriza por proveer infraestructuras básicas; buena formación de recursos humanos, instituciones fuertes y procesos innovadores efectivos. Estos factores facilitan el trabajo articulado de los actores que intervienen en el entorno empresarial: los proveedores, los competidores y los clientes.
Los Proveedores: juegan un papel crucial en la empresa puesto que proveen materias primas, bienes intermedios o finales, dependiendo de la actividad económica. Los proveedores juegan un papel importante en la determinación de los precios finales e inclusive tienen poder de negociación para influir en los costos de producción. En muchos casos actúan en redes lo cual les permite insertarse de una manera más efectiva en los diferentes sectores de la economía aprovechando las innovaciones de procesos y los avances en la logística.
Los factores de entorno general suelen tener variaciones profundas de ciclo largo, que a menudo son difíciles de ver, pero que determinan el futuro a largo plazo de la empresa (recordad al pipero y su colegio, si está en una zona en la que las oficinas van reemplazando a las viviendas. Os suena de algo?). Pensad en el futuro de las empresas que hacen productos para niños, en una sociedad con nacimientos casi-esporádicos como la nuestra…podéis encontrar ejemplos a miles. Tema para reflexión: tendremos una sociedad de máquinas, de animales modificados genéticamente o de inmigración acelerada? O una combinación de ellas?.
En nuestro entorno europeo, y al menos hasta que se complete el proceso de la Unión Europea, a todos los efectos, los factores políticos y legales (derivados de la traslación del poder de los Estados hacia Bruselas) pueden ser dominantes (procesos de aprobación de fusiones, monitorización de los niveles competitivos, privatizaciones a gran escala, pero distinta velocidad, en todos los países, etc.). Lo mismo ocurre con las políticas de estandarización de la I+D+I a nivel comunitario…..en estos tiempos de crisis financiera parece que el problema es no tener una política fiscal común, pero si un día aparece un problema de seguridad, el problema será el no tener fuerzas policiales comunes…la transición durará décadas, y hay que estar atentos.
Los factores determinantes del entorno general, tal y como se ha mencionado ya varias veces en el texto, son un número variable, que hemos reducido a cuatro por pura conveniencia. Estos son:
Factores políticos y legales, tales como:
Estabilidad política y social
Política gubernamental
Legalidad aplicable
Fiscalidad empresarial
Factores económicos, entre los que cabe destacar:
Crecimiento de la economía
Tasa de inflación
Tipos de interés
Balanza comercial
Factores tecnológicos
Nivel de obsolescencia
Intensidad tecnológica
Políticas de apoyo a la I+D+I
Factores socio-culturales, entre los que cabe destacar:
Demografía y su evolución
Grupos de presión
Conciencia ecológica
Consideración social del trabajo
El entorno es algo que puede influir en las acciones que llevemos a cabo. Por eso habrá que tenerlo en cuenta si queremos asegurar que esas acciones tengan una alta probabilidad de alcanzar el éxito. Resulta fundamental analizar el entorno en el que nos vamos a mover.
En el desarrollo de un proyecto empresarial habrá que analizar los factores del entorno en el que va a actuar la empresa:
Del entorno general:
- Factores económicos
- Factores socioculturales
- Factores políticos y administrativos
- Factores tecnológicos
Del entorno específico:
- Factores relativos a los clientes
- Factores relativos a la competencia
- Factores relativos a los proveedores
Para realizar este análisis necesitamos en primer lugar RECOPILAR INFORMACIÓN de cada uno de los factores que inciden en ese entorno. La tarea es difícil puesto que no siempre esta información está disponible. A veces hay que investigar y realizar un gran esfuerzo para definir una simple estimación de como son las cosas. En cualquier caso, tener esa estimación, tener conocimiento de las circunstancias que nos rodean, incluso aunque sea un conocimiento aproximado, resulta esencial para poder tomar posteriormente decisiones fundadas.
“Topgrading: acción y efecto de cubrir todos los puestos de una organización con un jugador de primera con el nivel apropiado de retribución”. Se trata de una metáfora aplicable a varios campos, pero en la práctica de los Recursos Humanos se aplica como una técnica de selección de personal que tiene como objetivo incrementar los niveles de excelencia de la empresa o productos a los que se aplican.
Concepto de Derecho: Conjunto de normas para regular al hombre. Establecen las bases de la convivencia social y cuyo fin es dotar a los miembros de la sociedad de lo mínimo en cuanto a seguridad, certeza, libertad y justicia.
Análisis Etimológico de la palabra Derecho: Deriva del vocablo latino "Directum" proveniente del verbo "Dirigere", el cual es a su vez un compuesto del verbo "Regere" que da la idea de rectitud y del cual se originaron las palabras "Regula" (regla), símbolo del bien y de lo justo, rectum y directum (derecho). Los romanos para significar derecho usaron la palabra IUS que viene de iustu, (justo) y iustitia (justicia).
- Derecho como Fenómeno Social: Es aquel ordenamiento jurídico que nace para regular conductas entre los individuos.
- Derecho como Valor: Conjunto de disposiciones que adquieren rango obligatorio y se encuentran al servicio de valores sociales ademas de tener una finalidad axiológicamente respetable.
- Derecho como Argumentación: Es el conjunto de normas que se materializan a través del lenguaje, pues este es un instrumento fundamental para el legislador.
- Derecho como Ciencia: Es la disciplina científica que tiene por objeto el estudio, la interpretación, integración y sistematización de un ordenamiento jurídico para su justa aplicación.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
5. Wet Strength Efficiency with RF
Grade Towels
• Reduced from 6 lpm to 3 lpm on RF Towels (80 kg/MT
to 40 kg/MT)
• Solution – Switch from 1000 m³/h long whitewater
loop to short white water loop to retain Kymene in
short loop with fibre. On normal production, the Silag
used all white water of the paper machine (400
m³/h) building and all from RF plant (600 m³/h)
• To shorten loop on RF towels, we used our Krofta for
clarification and not the outside Silag flotation. So
now white water goes from the PM building direct to
the Krofta. Clarified water is recycled to the paper
machine.
6. The old “Single“ Water Loop
RF Plant 600 m³/h from DNT‘s
TM Building 400m³/h from Tray Chest Silag 1000m³/h
7. The new “Double“ Water Loop
RF Plant 600 m³/h Silag 600 m³/h
TM Building 400m³/h
Krofta Flotation
11. Results:
Dilution time reduced from 15 min to 10 min.
Dilution time/t and pulper energy
consumption/t reduced by about 10 %.
Increased fiber yield
Less reject and disposal costs
Increased pulper system capacity
Results will be quantified over
a longer time period.
12. Niederbipp Results New Pulper-Rotor
Cost : $37 k
Savings : $80 K/Year
+ 0.8 Ton / Day Increased Throughput (6
% Improvement)
+ Can Pulp Longer Fibre Length
16. 1. Rebuilt Foward Cleaners
Cost: $97 K
Savings: $180 K/Year
+ 1.7 MT/Day Reduced Fibre Loss
+ Reduced Ash
1. Cleaner Stage 1 Remains Stages 2,
3, and 4 Rebuilt to Ecomizer
2. New Dilution Water Pump for Stages
2 and 3
3. Reduction Number of Pipes
Stage 2 from 28 to 20
Stufe 3 from 8 to 4
Stufe 4 from 4 to 1
4. Less Instrumentation at Stage 4:
(Removed some valves, no
compressed air necessary)
Stages 1 to 3, Stufe 1 im Vordergrund
(APA Bedienungsboden)
18. HIGH PRESSURE NEEDLE SHOWER
IN REJECT SCREENING DRUM
FIBRE FREE REJECT
AFTER DRUM
19. 2. Reject Drum Sorter HP Shower
Kosten : $93 K
Einsparung : $103 k/Year
1. Took off oscillator and Drum not
Changed
2. Needle Jet Nozzles Installed
3. New 40 Bar Pump
4. Same Experience in Other Mills in
Switzerland
5. Reduced Cleaning Frequency
Sortiertrommel nach erfolgreichem
Umbau in Utzenstorf
20. 2. Reinigung Sortiertrommel auf 40 bar erhöhen
Nadelstrahldüsen
40bar
Düsenstücke neu und
näher an der Trommel
21. + 1.2 Tons/ Day Fiber Recovery
+ Less Plugs and Cleaning Time for Operator due to More efficient
Drum Cleaning
+ Less Ash
- Install additional HP Pump to Reach 40 Bar
2. Reject Drum Cleaning Shower at 40 bar
22. 68
FCE Europe RF Optimisation
• Demand for Higher Brightness – PL Customers
Demanding Virgin Fibre
• Price Differential RF and Virgin fibre low – In
Short Term
• Cost Challenges in Germany
• Fiber Quality Opportunities
What is RF Strategy for FC
Europe?
23. 68
Approach to RF Optimisation
Action Plan &
Analysis
RF Process
Database
Implement
Plan
Cost
Comparison
•Within FCE
•Global
•Identify Opportunities
•Financial Analysis – Equipment Plan
•Best Practice Opportunities
•Fibre, Utilities, and Chemical Opportunities
•Capital Plan 2004
•BP Action Plan
•Long Term Fibre Strategy
•Key Comparisons – Equipment and Fibre Quality
•Identify Gaps & Opportunities