The document discusses reflective practice and different models for how professionals can engage in reflection. It describes Donald Schön's model of reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action, where professionals reflect on their knowledge and actions. Another model by Greenaway involves planning, reviewing, and doing an activity. The document applies these models to teaching, discussing how teachers can reflect during and after lesson implementation to improve student learning.
Adult learning theory principles and practiceDianne Rees
Obtain an overview of adult learning theory (andragogy) and learn how Gagne's nine events of instruction can be modified with adult learning theory in mind. Some critiques of the theory are also presented.
This presentation explores the move from pedagogy to andragogy to heutagogy and from instructivism to constructivism to connectivism – all within the context of mobile learning.
Collaborative learning is the educational approach of using groups to enhance learning through working together. Groups of two or more learners work together to solve problems, complete tasks, or learn new concepts.
TEACHING IS A CHANCE TO GET INVOLVED IN THE FUTURE – A SERVICE – AND IS THE NOBLEST OF ALL PROFESSIONS. HENCE I AM PROUD TO SAY THAT I AM A TEACHER.
A TEACHER SHOULD FOCUS ON WHAT THE STUDENTS CAN DO AND NOT ON WHAT THEY CANNOT.
Adult learning theory principles and practiceDianne Rees
Obtain an overview of adult learning theory (andragogy) and learn how Gagne's nine events of instruction can be modified with adult learning theory in mind. Some critiques of the theory are also presented.
This presentation explores the move from pedagogy to andragogy to heutagogy and from instructivism to constructivism to connectivism – all within the context of mobile learning.
Collaborative learning is the educational approach of using groups to enhance learning through working together. Groups of two or more learners work together to solve problems, complete tasks, or learn new concepts.
TEACHING IS A CHANCE TO GET INVOLVED IN THE FUTURE – A SERVICE – AND IS THE NOBLEST OF ALL PROFESSIONS. HENCE I AM PROUD TO SAY THAT I AM A TEACHER.
A TEACHER SHOULD FOCUS ON WHAT THE STUDENTS CAN DO AND NOT ON WHAT THEY CANNOT.
Teaching Strategies and Methodologies for Teaching and LearningMG M
The term Teaching method refers to the general principles, pedagogy and management strategies used for classroom instruction. Your method depends on what are your goals, your individual style and your school’s vision.
This is an initial attempt by my students of B.Ed. in creating Programmed Instructional material using the template I had provided them. Your observations and suggestions are welcome!
ReadySetPresent (Adult Learning PowerPoint Presentation Content): 100+ PowerPoint presentation content slides. Whoever adults are, they should be taught by methods which acknowledge and respect the fact that they are adults rather than children. Adults need to be involved in the planning and evaluation of their instruction, their experiences provide the basis for learning activities, and they are most interested in learning subjects that have immediate relevance to their job or personal life.
Principles of adult learning ,principles of teaching and learningsalmah natoon
Teaching in clinical setting needs a comprehensive skill and be able to switch according to the needs of your audience. Application of various teaching and learning principles help the preceptor to delivered the learning activities successfully.
Pedagogy and innovative approaches in Teaching and learning.pptxjagannath Dange
All children are born and raised in different situations. The schools in need to implement a curriculum which not only promotes development in cognition, language, literacy, numeracy and the arts but also addresses wellbeing and happiness of the students. so, Pedagogy must be ideal to the needs of the learners. hence different approaches must be adopted to train the different faculties of children.
Teaching Strategies and Methodologies for Teaching and LearningMG M
The term Teaching method refers to the general principles, pedagogy and management strategies used for classroom instruction. Your method depends on what are your goals, your individual style and your school’s vision.
This is an initial attempt by my students of B.Ed. in creating Programmed Instructional material using the template I had provided them. Your observations and suggestions are welcome!
ReadySetPresent (Adult Learning PowerPoint Presentation Content): 100+ PowerPoint presentation content slides. Whoever adults are, they should be taught by methods which acknowledge and respect the fact that they are adults rather than children. Adults need to be involved in the planning and evaluation of their instruction, their experiences provide the basis for learning activities, and they are most interested in learning subjects that have immediate relevance to their job or personal life.
Principles of adult learning ,principles of teaching and learningsalmah natoon
Teaching in clinical setting needs a comprehensive skill and be able to switch according to the needs of your audience. Application of various teaching and learning principles help the preceptor to delivered the learning activities successfully.
Pedagogy and innovative approaches in Teaching and learning.pptxjagannath Dange
All children are born and raised in different situations. The schools in need to implement a curriculum which not only promotes development in cognition, language, literacy, numeracy and the arts but also addresses wellbeing and happiness of the students. so, Pedagogy must be ideal to the needs of the learners. hence different approaches must be adopted to train the different faculties of children.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
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Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
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Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
3. What is ‘Reflective Practice’?
“Reflective practice is an approach that enables
professionals to understand how they use their
knowledge in practical situations and how they
combine action and learning in a more effective
way.” -Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Open Courseware
Thursday, March 5, 2009
4. “Reflective practice is an approach that enables
professionals to understand how they use their
knowledge in practical situations and how they
combine action and learning in a more effective
way.” -Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Open Courseware
Thursday, March 5, 2009
5. What I perceive reflective practice to be is the
process of analysing a given scenario or
practice and coming to a decision on how to
then go onto improve that scenario, based on
the strengths and weaknesses that were
perceived from the evaluation.
“Reflective practice is an approach that enables
professionals to understand how they use their
knowledge in practical situations and how they
combine action and learning in a more effective
way.” -Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Open Courseware
Thursday, March 5, 2009
6. How do we perform
reflective practice?
Thursday, March 5, 2009
8. There are many approaches to how we might
be able to perform the act of reflection based
on our practices. The first model I have chosen
to look at is by Donald Schön. In 1983, he
published a book entitled ‘The Reflective
Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action’
which was the first major publication to
address the idea. He based his studies on the
following model...
Thursday, March 5, 2009
11. Governing Action
Consequences
Variable Strategy
Single-loop learning
Double-loop learning
This model approaches reflection in the sense
of detection and correction of error (Argyris
and Schön. 1978) in the present tense. This
approach is defined as ‘reflection in action’
which means to reflect as you do, in the
present tense. It also incorporates elements of
‘reflection on action’ with regards to the
Double-loop learning cycle.
Thursday, March 5, 2009
12. How I Perceive the Model
Planning Plan to Action Result
Reflection in Action
Reflection on Action
Thursday, March 5, 2009
13. Practice
Reflection
Time
RIA
Reflection in Action means to reflect in the
present tense. Schön referred to this
process as ‘on the hoof’.
Thursday, March 5, 2009
14. Practice Reflection
Time
ROA
Reflection on Action means to reflect in
the past tense. This means to reflect after
the practice has occurred.
Thursday, March 5, 2009
16. The second model I will look at is by
Greenaway. This model is a little more simple
in its approach to reflection than Schön, but
could also be perceived as a clearer path to
achieving reflective practice. Greenaway
based his thesis on the title of ‘Powerful
Learning Experiences in Management Learning
and Development’ in 1995.
Thursday, March 5, 2009
17. Plan
Review Do
Greenaway (1995)
Thursday, March 5, 2009
19. Plan
Review Do
Reflection in Greenaways model is an example
of ROA, happening after the practice in the
past tense. As opposed to Schön’s model,
Greenaway’s is a single closed cyclical loop.
Thursday, March 5, 2009
22. Of all the models I have looked at, I can see
that all of them are categorized as either RIA
or ROA. But, how do they differ and compare
when applied to a scenario?
RIA
Practice ROA
Time
Thursday, March 5, 2009
23. Scenario: Reflective Pedagogy
How does the art of
being a teacher
benefit from
reflective practice?
Thursday, March 5, 2009
25. In my experience of teaching, I have found
that both RIA and ROA are applied. Using a
combination of t he two allows me to
encompass the benefits of both RIA and ROA
to build an accumulative pool of reflection.
RIA
Practice ROA
Time
Thursday, March 5, 2009
26. In my experience of teaching, I have found
that both RIA and ROA are applied. Using a
combination of t he two allows me to
encompass the benefits of both RIA and ROA
to build an accumulative pool of reflection.
RIA
Refl
e ctio
n
Practice ROA
Time
Thursday, March 5, 2009
30. Lesson planning Im plement ation of
based on an overall objectives t hrough
Learning
scheme of work and teaching and
objectives. activities.
How engaged the students are
How the lesson went overall,
were objectives fully satisfied?
Thursday, March 5, 2009
31. Lesson planning Im plement ation of
based on an overall objectives t hrough
Learning
scheme of work and teaching and
objectives. activities.
How engaged the students are
How the lesson went overall,
were objectives fully satisfied?
Thursday, March 5, 2009
32. Lesson planning Im plement ation of
based on an overall objectives t hrough
Learning
scheme of work and teaching and
objectives. activities.
How engaged the students are
How the lesson went overall,
were objectives fully satisfied?
Based on the original model by Schön, this is
how I perceive the model to fit within the
process of teaching. This model clearly defines
the milestones of practices towards the
outcome of learning and then provides both
ROA and RIA to then improve these based on
an evaluation.
Thursday, March 5, 2009
33. Lesson planning Im plement ation of
based on an overall objectives t hrough
Learning
scheme of work and teaching and
objectives. activities.
How engaged the students are
How the lesson went overall,
were objectives fully satisfied?
Thursday, March 5, 2009
34. Lesson planning Im plement ation of
based on an overall objectives t hrough
Learning
scheme of work and teaching and
objectives. activities.
How engaged the students are
How the lesson went overall,
were objectives fully satisfied?
Thursday, March 5, 2009
35. Lesson planning Im plement ation of
based on an overall objectives t hrough
Learning
scheme of work and teaching and
objectives. activities.
How engaged the students are
How the lesson went overall,
were objectives fully satisfied?
Plan
Review Do
Thursday, March 5, 2009
37. Lesson
Plan
Lesson Lesson
Evaluation Delivery
Thursday, March 5, 2009
38. Lesson
Plan
Lesson Lesson
Evaluation Delivery
Thursday, March 5, 2009
39. Based on the original model by Greenaway,
this is how I perceive the model to fit within the
process of teaching. This model is very
simplistic and could well be perceived as an
underlying framework to then be built upon for
reflective practice in pedagogy.
Lesson
Plan
Lesson Lesson
Evaluation Delivery
Thursday, March 5, 2009
40. Lesson
Plan
Lesson Lesson
Evaluation Delivery
Thursday, March 5, 2009
41. Lesson
Plan
Lesson Lesson
Evaluation Delivery
Thursday, March 5, 2009
42. Lesson planning Im plement ation of
based on an overall objectives t hrough
Learning
scheme of work and teaching and
objectives. activities.
How engaged the students are
How the lesson went overall,
were objectives fully satisfied?
Lesson
Plan
Lesson Lesson
Evaluation Delivery
Thursday, March 5, 2009
43. So how do the two models
compare in the scenario?
Thursday, March 5, 2009
44. Schön Greenaway
Pros Cons Pros Cons
Single / double Rigid, little room Rigid, little room
Single loop only
for adaptability for adaptability
loop
ROA / RIA Does not take into Does not take into
ROA only
account emotions account emotions
inclusive
Achieves Achieves
Development may No account of RIA,
over-complicate crucial in pedagogy
reflection reflection
Little room for external
Variables based Capacity to be
factors within the
on outcome developed model itself
Thursday, March 5, 2009
46. Conclusions
From looking at a range of both RIA and ROA
reflective cycles, reflective practice in general
and when applied to pedagogy, I can see that
it is a vital component of any practice to
perform reflection. It allows us to build as
practitioners to develop our practices. I also
have found that the cycles are not rigid in their
stages and can be modified or altered to fit a
scenario if necessary.
Thursday, March 5, 2009
48. RIA and ROA have been the most interesting
things for me to look at and I feel that I have
really taken away something from looking at
these two things. I would like to look and
develop my ideas about these to see how they
further contrast and how they may compliment
each other in a different set of scenarios and
the merits and de-merits of the two.
Thursday, March 5, 2009
50. How I shared my Ideas
I found it useful to
share my initial ideas
in the community to
‘get the ball rolling’
with my conceptions
on the subject, also to
throw option for
dialogue with peers
on the subject.
Thursday, March 5, 2009
52. What others think?
Of all resources I
have used to come to
my conclusion on
‘reflective practice’
posts as such on the
right from the
community have
been vital to my
understanding of the
subject.
Thursday, March 5, 2009
53. Thank you for watching
This presentation and music is released
under the open license of Creative Commons
Thursday, March 5, 2009