Living space
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Urbanization is increasing as more people live in cities. Suburbanization is driving the expansion of residential areas outside cities, encouraged by population growth, preferences for larger homes with gardens, and improved public transportation. Regeneration initiatives put new life in urban areas by improving housing, amenities, and attracting jobs. Central business districts are the commercial hearts of cities, containing many shops, offices, and public buildings, surrounded by older structures, garages, workshops, and some housing, with transition zones mixing commercial and residential uses.
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Charles Correa, New BOMBAY, ULWE, THE BRITISH COUNCIL
1. The document summarizes Charles Correa's planning proposals for Bombay in the 1960s which aimed to address the city's overcrowding and north-south linear development pattern. Correa proposed integrating Bombay island with the mainland to the east, opening up new growth centers around the harbor to create a polycentric circular development pattern rather than the existing primacy of the southern CBD.
2. As Chief Architect for CIDCO in the 1970s, Correa focused on housing for the poor and mass transit, emphasizing the need for higher density development corridors to make public transport viable. He argued housing projects must provide adequate shared community spaces to meet residents' needs rather than just maximizing units.
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1. Bombay experienced rapid population growth in the decades after independence, straining infrastructure and resources.
2. In response, the government formed committees to study the problems and recommend solutions, including developing land across the Thane Creek to relieve pressure on the city.
3. The Gadgil Committee recommended decentralizing industries away from Bombay and developing multi-nucleated settlements on the mainland. This influenced the planning of Navi Mumbai as a series of smaller, self-contained nodes along transit lines.
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With over 23 million residents, Mumbai is the second largest city in the world after Tokyo. Rapid population growth is evident from satellite images showing land reclamation along Mumbai's coasts and in its hinterlands. Mumbai exemplifies the global trend of urban growth and sprawl as more people migrate to cities. Approximately one-fourth of Mumbai's population lives in Dharavi, Asia's largest slum. Mumbai also has a large and busy port that handles over 25% of India's international trade. In order to ease congestion, new suburbs and industrial parks are being developed in surrounding areas like Navi Mumbai, Vasai, and others.
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This document provides information on the history and development of Mumbai and its metropolitan region. It discusses how Mumbai originated as a collection of fishing villages that were acquired by the Portuguese and British. It later grew into a major trading center and industrial hub. The document outlines the population growth and migration trends in the region. It also describes the shifting priorities between the 1973 and 1996 regional development plans, with a move from bulk land acquisition to market-based policies. Various economic sectors, transportation infrastructure projects, and new types of specialized developments shaping the region are summarized as well.
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Re New Mumbai by Arshad Balwa
About the Author
My name is Arshad S. Balwa and I am currently studying at the Dhirubhai Ambani International School, Mumbai, India in the 11th Grade of the IB Diploma. My family has been in the real estate business for many decades and as such I have grown up in a “brick and mortar” world. I have travelled around the world including the United States of America, Europe, Africa, etc. However every time I returned to Mumbai, I was overwhelmed by the lack of infrastructure, lack of civic amenities and generally the urban decay prevalent in Mumbai. While, I was always fascinated with the Real Estate business my fascination turned into intrigue, leading to this report. Through this report, I have made an effort to highlight the urban chaos and made some recommendations.
This report is by no means an exhaustive all-encompassing solution to the urban decay prevalent in Mumbai. A study in much greater detail is required to be carried out across Mumbai and other urban centers in India. However, I am hopeful, this report will encourage others including the Municipal Corporation and the State Government to undertake a detailed study and take measures to reverse the urban decay in Mumbai and other urban centers.
I have taken due care to give due credit to the authors of articles I have referred in my report. If for any reason, any of the article referred to, has not be given due credit, the same may be certainly an error, which if it is, then it is, sincerely regretted.
Finally, I would like to thank my father Mr. Shahid Balwa for being patient with me and encouraging me throughout the entire process.
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My name is Arshad S. Balwa and I am currently studying at the Dhirubhai Ambani International School, Mumbai, India in the 11th Grade of the IB Diploma. My family has been in the real estate business for many decades and as such I have grown up in a “brick and mortar” world. I have travelled around the world including the United States of America, Europe, Africa, etc. However every time I returned to Mumbai, I was overwhelmed by the lack of infrastructure, lack of civic amenities and generally the urban decay prevalent in Mumbai. While, I was always fascinated with the Real Estate business my fascination turned into intrigue, leading to this report. Through this report, I have made an effort to highlight the urban chaos and made some recommendations.
This report is by no means an exhaustive all-encompassing solution to the urban decay prevalent in Mumbai. A study in much greater detail is required to be carried out across Mumbai and other urban centers in India. However, I am hopeful, this report will encourage others including the Municipal Corporation and the State Government to undertake a detailed study and take measures to reverse the urban decay in Mumbai and other urban centers.
I have taken due care to give due credit to the authors of articles I have referred in my report. If for any reason, any of the article referred to, has not be given due credit, the same may be certainly an error, which if it is, then it is, sincerely regretted.
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Current Concepts of Urban Regeneration slides for Urban Dynamics & Regeneration course.
Master of Science in Sustainable Urban Design, Razak Faculty, UTM Kuala Lumpur
Urban vocabulary
The document describes several models and concepts related to urban structure and development, including the concentric zone model in which social groups are arranged in rings around the city center, central place theory which explains the distribution of services based on market areas, and gentrification which is the process of converting low-income neighborhoods to middle-class owner-occupied areas.
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Arturo Soria y Mata was a 19th century Spanish urban planner known for developing the concept of the linear city. The linear city model proposed organizing a city into parallel zones running along a central transportation corridor. This included zones for industry, green space, and residential areas. Soria intended for Madrid to be developed this way, but the project ultimately failed after his death due to economic and development challenges. However, his linear city concept inspired future planned developments like Navi Mumbai, India and remains an influential model of urban planning today.
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Urban vocabulary
The document defines and describes various urban and geographic concepts including the Latin America City Model, Multiple Nuclei Model, Gentrification, Conurbation, Edge City, Density Gradient, Hinterland, Megalopolis, Entrepôt, Filtering, Greenbelt, Urban Realms Model, Zoning, Central Business District, Zone in Transition, World City, Peripheral Model, Sprawl, Public Housing Project, Concentric Zone Model, Underclass, Redlining, Primate City, Central Place Theory, and Urban Renewal.
Urban vocabulary
This document defines and describes several models and concepts related to urban structure and development, including:
1) The concentric zone model, which arranges social groups in a city in concentric rings radiating from the center.
2) Central place theory, which explains the distribution of services based on market areas and the number of people willing to travel different distances.
3) Gentrification, which is the process of converting a low-income urban neighborhood to a predominantly middle-class, owner-occupied area.
4) Edge cities, which are large nodes of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area.
Urban
Urban sprawl refers to low-density development outside of city centers that is car-dependent and separated by function. It is characterized by leapfrog development, commercial and residential strips, and a lack of public space. Sprawl occurs due to factors like private land ownership, transportation infrastructure focused on cars, and zoning regulations. While sprawl provides benefits like more living space, it can also cause issues like traffic, environmental impacts, and socioeconomic differences between urban and suburban areas. The model of sprawl development in the United States has been driven by a market-led approach with less government intervention compared to China.
Disc. 4 Urban issues Ch. 11(10) Urbanization
Module IV: Discussion #4 - Urban Issues & Urbanization
Powerpoint 5th Ed. - Ch. 10 (now Ch. 11)
Images, content copyright Pearson Education, 2013
Problems of Urbanisation
Urbanization refers to an increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas. As countries industrialize, more people migrate from rural to urban areas for employment in factories. This led to the development of inner cities with dense rows of terraced housing for workers.
Urbanization can cause problems like congestion, lack of housing, and environmental issues. Many cities also have sharp inequalities in housing, health, and employment. Some try to escape these problems through counter-urbanization or moving to the edges of cities. Long-term solutions involve making cities more sustainable.
Elements of city plan 3 unit
This document discusses elements of city planning and urban land use patterns. It describes key components of a city plan including communications, transportation, public services, and amenities. It summarizes various models of urban land use patterns proposed by theorists like Burgess, Hoyt, and Harris-Ullman. It also describes characteristics of different urban land uses such as residential, commercial, industrial zones and the central business district. Key challenges faced in urban planning related to housing, transportation and land use are highlighted.
urbanization_part_1.pptx
This document discusses urbanization and the growth and development of urban areas. It describes how urban areas first emerged as people transitioned from nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyles to sedentary agricultural ones. It then defines different types of urban settlements from hamlets to megalopolises. The document also examines characteristics of emerging global cities and gateway cities. Finally, it analyzes why services tend to cluster in central business districts downtown due to high land costs, intensive land use, and the types of activities excluded from city centers.
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The Latin America City Model theorizes that conditions worsen the farther away from the city center. The Multiple Nuclei Model describes cities arranged around nodes of activity. Gentrification is the process of converting low-income neighborhoods to middle-class owner-occupied areas. Central Place Theory involves placing services where the market area is largest.
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Living space
- 1. LIVING SPACE How is land use changing? Key words Urbanisation • Urbanisation is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change. An increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities. Suburbanisation A suburb is a section of the city whose main role is residency for workers of the city. Suburbanisation is the process whereby residential sections of the city expand. Three factors that encourage suburbanisation are: 1.population growth, 2.lifestyle values which promote large houses with gardens, and
- 2. 3. The growth of public transport systems and in latter years the car allowing people to travel to work in the urban areas as commuters. Initial growth was linear following the railway lines but areas became in-filled as tram, bus and later the car gave individuals greater freedom of movement.
- 3. Regeneration Putting new life into an urban area by improving housing and amenities and attracting new jobs . Central Business District ( CBD ) • Middle of the city. • The oldest of the settlement includes a large number of shops,offices and public building. • Difference land uses. • Surrounding CBD – older building, garages and workshops and • some housing.
- 4. Transition Zone A mix of commercial buildings and housing
- 5. Cbd of Istanbul, Turkey
- 6. Cbd of New York