Livestock, including cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and poultry, make up an important part of Pakistan's economy, contributing 11.4% to GDP. The livestock population in Pakistan has grown significantly between 1955-2006. The report outlines the various livestock production systems and notes constraints include inadequate feed, disease epidemics, and limited access to credit for farmers. The national livestock development policy aims to increase productivity through private sector-led development and commercial farming along the entire value chain. Similarly, the poultry development policy focuses on facilitating private sector growth in intensive, high-tech poultry production and processing.

2. Livestock and Poultry Sectors
in Pakistan
A Report By Allah Dad Khan

3. Livestock in national economyLivestock in national economy
• Livestock in Pak GDP 11.4 %
• Share in agri. GDP 53.2 %
• Livestock in export 8.5 %
• Dependent families > 8.5 m
• Provides raw material for industry
• Social security for rural poor
• Security against crop failure in
barani areas

4. Livestock Population
(Million Heads)
Province Cattle Buffalo Sheep Goat
Camel
Pakistan (2006) 29.6 27.3 26.5 53.8
0.9
Pakistan (2010) 34.3 30.8 27.8 59.9
1.0
Per cent distribution
Khyber Phakhtunkhaw 20 7 13 18 7
Punjab 49 65 24 37
22
Sindh 23 27 15 23 30
Balochistan 8 1 48 22 41

5. Livestock Population Trend
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
1955 1960 1972 1976 1986 1996 2006
Census Year
Numbers(X000)
Cattle
Buffaloes
Sheep
Goats

6. Number of households reporting livestock (2006)
Herd
Size
Cattle Buffalo Flock
Size
Sheep Goat
1-6 5.204
(84.1)
5.001
(83.4)
1-30 1.390
(88.9)
6.576
(96.7)
7-15 0.826
(13.3)
0.843
(14.1)
31-75 0.119
(7.6)
0.173
(2.5)
16-50 0.140
(2.3)
0.140
(2.3)
76-350 0.050
(3.2)
0.049
(0.7)
> 50 0.018
(0.3)
0.012
(0.2)
> 350 0.005
(0.3)
0.004
(0.1)
Total 6.188
(100)
5.996
(100)
Total 1.564
(100)
6.802
(100)
Values in parentheses indicate %age
Million Households

7. Herd Size Profile in Pakistan (2006)
Herd
Size
Cattle Buffalo Flock
Size
Sheep Goat
1-6 14.9
(50.3)
14.4
(52.7)
1-30 9.9
(37.4)
36.2
(67.3)
7-15 7.7
(26.1)
7.8
(28.6)
31-75 5.5
(20.8)
7.8
(14.5)
16-50 3.3
(11.1)
3.2
(11.7)
76-350 6.9
(26.0)
6.5
(12.1)
> 50 3.7
(12.5)
1.9
(7.0)
> 350 4.2
(15.8)
3.3
(6.1)
Total 29.6
(100)
27.3
(100)
Total 26.5
(100)
53.8
(100)
Million animals
Values in parentheses indicate %age

8. Livestock Production Systems
• Cattle and Buffaloes
- Rural Subsistence Small Holdings
- Rural Market Oriented Small Holdings
- Rural Commercial Farming
- Peri-urban/Urban Commercial Dairying
- Desert Cattle Farming
- Corporate Dairy Farming
• Sheep and Goats
- Nomadic
- Transhumant
- Sedentary / Household
• Poultry
- Rural (range) Poultry
- Intensive Poultry

9. Traditional Rural Poultry
• Almost every rural household and some urban
households raise poultry
• Poultry Population 73.65 million
• Contribution to egg production 41.6%
• Contribution to meat production 24.3%
• Breeds: 3 local, 2 imported
• Hatching: Brooding hens
• Feeding: Scavengers
• Important Diseases: Newcastle disease, Fowl
cholera, Fowl pox
Census 2006

10. Intensive (Commercial) Poultry
• History
– 1963-65Beginning of commercial poultry
– 1970s Broiler and layer farms
– 1980s Breeders farms, chick quality improvement
– 1990s Grand parents, better management
– 2000s Environmentally controlled housing,
Processing and value chain
• Status
– Share in poultry meat 75.7 %
– Share in eggs 58.4 %
– Grand parents 5 companies
– Breeders 6.8 million
– Layers 25 million
– Broilers 434 million
– Farms 25,897
– Hatcheries 305
– Feed Mills 154

11. Dairy Sub-sector
• Total milk production (09-10) 36.299 m tons
• Milk market
– Producers (self or direct selling) 68.0 %
– Informal market (Gawala operated) 28.5 %
– Formal dairy industry 3.5 %
• Dairy industry
– 25 out of 49 dairy plants are operational
– Main players are Nestle, Engro, Haleeb,
Shakargang, Millac
– Main products are UHT and Pasteurized milk, Milk
powder, Yougurt, Cream, Cheese, etc.
– 3.0 million litres per day being procurement
– Rs 63 million daily going to rural economy

12. Meat Sub-sector
• Total meat production (09-10) 2.965 million tons
– Beef Production 1.655 million tons
– Mutton Production 0.603 million tons
– Poultry Meat 0.707 million tons
• Meat market
– Butchers operated shops, many slaughter at shops
– Main players at slaughter house are “Arties”
– Mainly fresh meat selling
– A few chilled meat selling modern butcheries started
• Meat industry
– 80 % slaughtering done outside out side
slaughterhouses
– Local governments own and operate slaughter houses,
generally rated as unhygienic
– 11 private sector slaughter houses registered by
Animal Quarantine Department and importing countries
– Total export is < 0.6 percent of the production
– 46 casing factories processing guts for export
– Bone meal / gelatin also being exported

13. Roles in Livestock
Development• Federal
– National policies, planning & economic coordination
– Import/export of animals and animal products and
animal quarantine
– Research and international coordination
– Catalyst for livestock development
• Provincial
– Livestock Development
– Veterinary Vaccine Production
– Disease surveillance and reporting
– Livestock research
– Livestock production and health education
– Milk and meat quality
• District
– Veterinary Health service (Preventive & Curative)
– Breeding services (Artificial insemination)
– Animal slaughtering
– Livestock Markets

14. Veterinary Institutions in Pakistan
Region Vet
faculty
Res/Vac
Inst.
Hospital Dispen
saries
Vet.
Centres
Labs
Punjab 6 1 530 1213 1713 28
Sindh 1 2 119 60 608 7
NWFP 2 1 98 363 218 7
Baloch
.
1 1 116 783 - 15
AJK 1 - 59 66 129 6
NA - - 12 165 - 7
FATA - - 25 212 207 1
ICT - 1 4 7 - 1
Total 11 6 963 2869 2875 72

15. Production Institutions in Pakistan
Region Teach
faculty
Researc
h
Institute
Tech
Trg
Ins
SP + AI
centres
Farm
(L+P)
Ext
Centr
e
Punjab 6 4 2 6+835 22+9 -
Sindh 1 1 2 2+76 5+14 -
KPK 1 1 1 3+331* 5+3 -
Baloch
.
1 1 1 1+64 14+18 -
AJK 1 1 - 38 1+4 184
NA - - - 1+4 -
FATA - - - 1+118 +1 -
ICT - - - +11 - 1
Total 10 8 6 13+1473 48+53 185

16. Livestock Development Constraints
• Inadequate feed resources (short by 30%)
• Widespread breeding of genetically inferior
livestock
• Epidemics of infectious diseases
• Poor marketing infrastructure
• Inadequate institutional infrastructure
• Outdated regulatory framework
• Limited credit availability to the livestock farmers
(1/10 of agricultural credit)
• Low investment by government

17. Livestock Development Policy
Vision
Promoting livestock to provide safe and quality
products at competitive prices, covering entire
value chain with focus on market and poverty
reduction
Policy
Private sector led development with public sector
providing enabling environment
Strategy
– Private sector led
– Increase in productivity
– Moving from subsistence farming to market-
oriented and commercial farming
– Covering entire value chain

18. Poultry Development Policy
• Vision
Supply of wholesome poultry meat, eggs and
value added products to the domestic and
international markets at competitive prices
• Policy
Facilitate and support private sector-led
development for sustainable poultry products
• Strategy
– Hi-tech intensive poultry production
– Processing and value addition
– Improving bio-security
– Disease control and genetic improvement in
rural poultry