This document discusses the livelihoods of Afghan refugees in Pakistan. It examines how their human and social capital affects their livelihood strategies and outcomes. The document outlines the sustainable livelihoods framework and analyzes rural livelihood systems separately for males and females. It concludes that Afghan refugees with higher social capital, mostly men, have more economically active livelihood strategies. However, their social networks and support were diminished when they fled Afghanistan. Educational attainment rates are above 33% but many refugees work in unstable day labor jobs.

1. LOGO
Livelihoods of Afghan Refugees
Human and Social Capitals
Prepared by Moonzajer

2. Group Members
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Sustainable Livelihood Framework
4 Rural Livelihood System
5 Conclusion

3. Introduction
 Since 1979 more than 5 million Afghan refugees have migrated
to Pakistan.
 The migration process from Afghanistan to Pakistan increased
with the civil war since 1996.
 With return of transitional government in 2002 and elected
governments in 2004 and 2008 the number of Afghan refugees
living in Pakistan decreased from 5 million to around 2 million.
 Pakistan a poor country itself does not have the means to house
one of the world‘s largest refugee populations. The National
Database and Registration Authority stopped providing proof of
Registrations (POR) cards for Afghan refugees in 2007

4. Methodology
 Problem Statement: How human and social Capitals of Afghan
Refugees in Pakistan affect their livelihood strategies and
outcomes?
 Hypothesis: The livelihood strategies and outcomes of Afghan
refugees in Pakistan are directly affected by their human and
social capitals
 Methods and procedures:
 A- Deep Literature Review: Journal Papers
 B- UNHCR and UNHCR partners Primary Resource
 Case studies and indirect observation

5. Sustainable Livelihood Framework
 Vulnerabilities
 Conditions - demographic, ethnicity , Gender household
 Livelihood Assets
 Structure and processes
 Livelihood Strategies
 Livelihood Outcomes

6. Rural Livelihood System
 Orientations- male
 Spaces- male
 Bases – male
 Orientations – female
 Spaces- female
 Bases – female

7. conclusion
 Among 22 percent of the Afghan refugees who are economically
active are those people with high social capital and those of
them are men.
 Afghan refugees have lost all their social capitals and network
supports while traveling from Afghanistan and leaving their
relatives
 Another concerning issue is the composition of labors done by
structure of ages and where 25 to 50 percent of Afghan refugee
adults are workforce
 The findings of UNHCR in 2011 Survey shows that 55 percent of
the working Afghans are making as day laborers or day paid
where there is no guarantee for sustainable

8. conclusion
 20 Percent of Afghan refugees living and residing in Pakistan
since 1979 were able to accumulate wealth and invest their
money in Pakistan. They have invested around 18billion Rs in
Pakistan as part of their businesses
 10 percent of Afghan households receive remittances from
abroad such as Saudi Arabia and UK and Afghanistan which is
around 2.8 million dollar per month which is equal to 255 million
Pakistan rupees. Afghanistan only contributes 25 percent to
these remittance for enhancing the education and assets of their
relative and family members in Pakistan
 Our findings also indicates that overall literacy rate among
Afghan refugees in Pakistan is above
 33 percent.

9. conclusion
 There are a total of 177,148 students currently enrolled in
different types and levels of educational pursuits. In terms of
educational status 79.35% are engaged in formal non-religious
education with another 32,305 (18.24%) engaged in gaining
religious knowledge from informal methods.
 The average monthly income for income earning Afghan ranges
between ₨ 6,190 to ₨ 12,205.
 people in Charsadda, Kasur, Karachi East and Malir appear to
be poorer than the people living in other districts.
 Amongst these economically active people 48.29% are skilled
workers while 51.71% are unskilled.
 The Afghan population in Pakistan has been growing at an
average rate of 3.55 per year.

10. LOGO